bass

Bass is a low-fidelity Lisp dialect for the glue code driving your project.

README.mp4

reasons you might be interested

• you're sick of YAML and want to write code instead of config and templates
• you'd like to have a uniform stack between dev and CI
• you'd like be able to audit or rebuild published artifacts
• you're nostalgic about Lisp

what the thunk?

Bass is a functional language for scripting commands, represented by thunks. A thunk is a serializable recipe for a command to run, including all of its inputs, and their inputs, and so on. (Why are they called thunks?)

Thunks lazily run their command to produce a stdout stream, an output directory, and an exit status. These results are cached indefinitely, but only when the command succeeds.

$ bass
=> (from (linux/alpine) ($ cat *dir*/README.md))


        ██████
      ██████████
    ██████████████
    ████  ██  ████
    ██████████████
    ██████  ██████
  ████    ██    ████
    ████      ████

<thunk JU61UMJQ70FMI: (.cat)>
=> (thunk? (from (linux/alpine) ($ cat *dir*/README.md)))
true

To run a thunk and raise an error if the command fails, use (run). To get true or false instead, use (succeeds?).

=> (def thunk (from (linux/alpine) ($ echo "Hello, world!")))
thunk
=> (run thunk)
; Hello, world!
null
=> (succeeds? thunk)
true
=> (succeeds? (from (linux/alpine) ($ sh -c "exit 1")))
false

To access a thunk's output directory, use a thunk path. Thunk paths can be passed to other thunks. Filesystem timestamps in thunk paths are normalized to 1985-10-06 08:15 UTC to support reproducible builds.

=> (def thunk (from (linux/alpine) ($ cp *dir*/README.md ./some-file)))
thunk
=> (run (from (linux/alpine) ($ head "-1" thunk/some-file)))
; # bass
null

To parse values from a thunk's stdout or from a thunk path, use (read).

=> (next (read (from (linux/alpine) ($ head "-1" thunk/some-file)) :raw))
"# bass\n"
=> (next (read thunk/some-file :lines))
"# bass"
=> (next (read thunk/some-file :unix-table))
("#" "bass")

To serialize a thunk or thunk path to JSON, use (json) or (emit) it to *stdout*. Pipe a thunk path to bass --export | tar -xf - to extract it, or pipe a thunk to bass --export | docker load to export a thunk to Docker.

$ ./bass/build -i src=./ | bass --export | tar -xf -
$ ls bass.linux-amd64.tgz

This, and generally everything, works best when your thunks are hermetic.

tl;dr

It's a bit of a leap, but I like to think of Bass as a purely functional, lazily evaluated Bash.

Instead of running commands that mutate machine state, Bass has a read-only view of the host machine and passes files around as values in ephemeral, reproducible filesystems addressed by their creator thunk.

example

Running a thunk:

(def thunk
  (from (linux/ubuntu)
    ($ echo "Hello, world!")))

(run thunk)

Passing thunk paths around:

; use git stdlib module
(use (.git (linux/alpine/git)))

; returns a thunk dir containing compiled binaries
(defn go-build [src pkg]
  (subpath
    (from (linux/golang)
      (cd src
        ($ go build -o ./built/ $pkg)))
    ./built/))

(defn main []
  (let [src git:github/vito/booklit/ref/master/
        bins (go-build src "./cmd/...")]
    ; kick the tires
    (run (from (linux/ubuntu)
           ($ bins/booklit --version)))

    (emit bins *stdout*)))

irl examples

• Bass
• Booklit

what's it for?

Bass typically replaces CI .yml files, Dockerfiles, and Bash scripts.

Instead of writing .yml DSLs interpreted by some CI system, you write real code. Instead of writing ad-hoc Dockerfiles and pushing/pulling images, you chain thunks and share them as code. Instead of writing Bash scripts, you write Bass scripts.

Bass scripts have limited access to the host machine, making them portable between dev and CI environments. They can be used to codify your entire toolchain into platform-agnostic scripts.

In the end, the purpose of Bass is to run thunks. Thunks are serializable command recipes that produce files or streams of values. Files created by thunks can be easily passed to other thunks, forming one big super-thunk that recursively embeds all of its dependencies.

Bass is designed for hermetic builds but it stops short of enforcing them. Bass trades purism for pragmatism, sticking to familiar albeit fallible CLIs rather than abstract declarative configuration. For your artifacts to be reproducible your thunks must be hermetic, but if you simply don't care yet, YOLO apt-get all day and fix it up later.

For a quick run-through of these ideas, check out the Bass homepage.

how does it work?

To run a thunk, Bass's Buildkit runtime translates it to one big LLB definition and solves it through the client API. The runtime handles setting up mounts and converting thunk paths to string values passed to the underlying command.

The runtime architecture is modular, but Buildkit is the only implementation at the moment.

start playing

• prerequisites: git, go, upx

$ git clone https://github.com/vito/bass
$ cd bass
$ make -j install

Bass runs thunks with Buildkit, so you'll need buildkitd running somewhere, somehow.

If docker is installed and running Bass will use it to start Buildkit automatically and you can skip the rest of this section.

Linux

The included ./hack/buildkit/ scripts can be used if you don't have buildkitd running already.

$ ./hack/buildkit/start # if needed
$ bass ./demos/go-build-git.bass

macOS

macOS support works by just running Buildkit in a Linux VM.

Use the included lima/bass.yaml template to manage the VM with limactl.

$ brew install lima
$ limactl start ./lima/bass.yaml
$ bass ./demos/go-build-git.bass

Windows

Same as Linux, using WSL2. Windows containers should work once Buildkit supports it.

editor setup

• vim config: bass.vim

Plug 'vito/bass.vim'

lua <<EOF
require'bass_lsp'.setup()
EOF

cleaning up

The Buildkit runtime leaves snapshots around for caching thunks, so if you start to run low on disk space you can run the following to clear them:

$ bass --prune

the name

Bass is named after the 🔊, not the 🐟. Please do not think of the 🐟 every time. It will eventually destroy me.

rationale

motivation

After 6 years working on Concourse I felt pretty unsatisfied and burnt out. I wanted to solve CI/CD "once and for all" but ended up being overwhelmed with complicated problems that distracted from the core goal: database migrations, NP hard visualizations, scalability, resiliency, etc. etc. etc.

When it came to adding core features, it felt like building a language confined to a declarative YAML schema and driven by a complex state machine. So I wanted to try just building a damn language instead, since that's what I had fun with back in the day (Atomy, Atomo, Hummus, Cletus, Pumice).

why a new Lisp?

I think the pattern of YAML DSLs interpreted by DevOps services may be evidence of a gap in our toolchain that could be filled by something more expressive. I'm trying to discover a language that fills that gap while being small enough to coexist with all the other crap a DevOps engineer has to keep in their head.

After writing enterprise cloud software for so long, it feels good to return to the loving embrace of (((one thousand parentheses))). For me, Lisp is the most fun you can have with programming. Lisps are also known for doing a lot with a little - which is exactly what I need for this project.

Kernel's influence

Bass is a descendant of the Kernel programming language. Kernel is the tiniest Lisp dialect I know of - it has a primitive form beneath lambda called $vau (op in Bass) which it leverages to replace the macro system found in most other Lisp dialects.

Unfortunately this same mechanism makes Kernel difficult to optimize for production applications, but Bass targets a domain where its own performance won't be the bottleneck, so it seems like a good opportunity to share Kernel's ideas with the world.

Clojure's influence

Bass marries Kernel's semantics with Clojure's vocabulary and ergonomics, because you should never have to tell a coworker that the function to get the first element of a list is called 🚗. A practical Lisp should be accessible to engineers from any background.

is it any good?

It's pretty close.

I'm using it for my projects and enjoying it so far, but there are still some limitations and rough edges.

project expectations

This project is built for fun and is developed in my free time. I'm just trying to build something that I would want to use for my own projects. I don't plan to bear the burden of large enterprises using it, but I'm interested in collaborating with and supporting hobbyists.

how can I help?

Try it out! I'd love to hear experience reports especially if things don't go well. This project is still young, and it only gets better the more it gets used.

Pull requests are very welcome, but this is still a personal hobby so I will probably push back on contributions that substantially increase the maintenance burden or technical debt (...unless they're wicked cool).

For more guidance, see the contributing docs.

thanks

• John Shutt, creator of the Kernel programming language.
• Rich Hickey, creator of the Clojure programming language.
• The Buildkit project, which powers the default runtime.
• MacStadium, who have graciously donated hardware for testing macOS support.