fix: prevent ClassVar override with instance property

[shenyih0ng]

Fixes #18790

This PR adds a new override check to prevent instance properties (defined using @property) from overriding inherited class variables.

[shenyih0ng]

wondering if the error code OVERRIDE should be attached to this error message? left it as misc to keep behaviour consistent with existing error message:

mypy/mypy/checker.py

Line 3722 in f2f8a98

self.fail(message_registry.CANNOT_OVERRIDE_CLASS_VAR.format(base.name), node)

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

django-stubs (https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs)
+ django-stubs/db/migrations/operations/special.pyi:38: error: Cannot override class variable (previously declared on base class "Operation") with instance variable  [misc]
+ django-stubs/db/migrations/operations/special.pyi:38: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ django-stubs/db/migrations/operations/special.pyi:59: error: Cannot override class variable (previously declared on base class "Operation") with instance variable  [misc]
+ django-stubs/db/migrations/operations/special.pyi:59: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment

[sterliakov]

Could you add a testcase with ClassVar[property]? I suspect that isn't supported even without this PR (#18504) and don't know if it is important enough, but better be explicit about this.

class Parent:
   foo: ClassVar[property]

class Child(Parent):
    @property
    def foo(self) -> None: ...
    @foo.setter
    def foo(self, _: None) -> None: ...

(this should ideally be accepted, but probably isn't yet)