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Verify keys on read #495

Merged
merged 12 commits into from
Oct 26, 2024
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package com.palantir.cassandra.utils;

import com.palantir.logsafe.SafeArg;
import com.palantir.logsafe.UnsafeArg;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Keyspace;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidMutationException;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Hex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class MutationVerificationHandler implements OwnershipVerificationHandler
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OwnershipVerificationUtils.class);

public static final OwnershipVerificationHandler INSTANCE = new MutationVerificationHandler();
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why wouldn't this be of type MutationVerificationHandler and similarly for ReadVerificationHandler

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discussed offline, I'm just following the List l = new ArrayList(); pattern where you always use the most generic interface where possible.


@Override
public void onViolation(Keyspace keyspace, ByteBuffer key, List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints)
{
keyspace.metric.invalidMutations.inc();
logger.error(
"InvalidMutation! Cannot apply mutation as this host {} does not contain key {} in keyspace {}. Only hosts {} and {} do.",
SafeArg.of("address", FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress()),
UnsafeArg.of("key", Hex.bytesToHex(key.array())),
SafeArg.of("keyspace", keyspace.getName()),
SafeArg.of("naturalEndpoints", naturalEndpoints),
SafeArg.of("pendingEndpoints", pendingEndpoints));
throw new InvalidMutationException();
}

@Override
public void onValid(Keyspace keyspace)
{
keyspace.metric.validMutations.inc();
}
}
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package com.palantir.cassandra.utils;

import org.apache.cassandra.db.Keyspace;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public interface OwnershipVerificationHandler
{
void onViolation(Keyspace keyspace, ByteBuffer key, List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints);

void onValid(Keyspace keyspace);
}
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -19,16 +19,18 @@
package com.palantir.cassandra.utils;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidMutationException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.palantir.logsafe.SafeArg;
import com.palantir.logsafe.UnsafeArg;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Keyspace;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Mutation;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Token;
Expand All @@ -37,72 +39,75 @@
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Hex;

public class MutationVerificationUtils
public class OwnershipVerificationUtils
{
private static final boolean VERIFY_KEYS_ON_WRITE = Boolean.getBoolean("palantir_cassandra.verify_keys_on_write");
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MutationVerificationUtils.class);
private static final boolean VERIFY_KEYS_ON_READ = Boolean.getBoolean("palantir_cassandra.verify_keys_on_read");
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OwnershipVerificationUtils.class);

private static volatile Instant lastTokenRingCacheUpdate = Instant.MIN;

private MutationVerificationUtils()
private OwnershipVerificationUtils()
{
}

public static void verifyRead(Keyspace keyspace, ByteBuffer key)
{
if (!VERIFY_KEYS_ON_READ)
{
return;
}
verifyOperation(keyspace, key, ReadVerificationHandler.INSTANCE);
}

public static void verifyMutation(Mutation mutation)
{
if (!VERIFY_KEYS_ON_WRITE)
{
return;
}
verifyOperation(Keyspace.open(mutation.getKeyspaceName()), mutation.key(), MutationVerificationHandler.INSTANCE);
}

Keyspace keyspace = Keyspace.open(mutation.getKeyspaceName());
private static void verifyOperation(Keyspace keyspace, ByteBuffer key, OwnershipVerificationHandler handler)
{
if (!(keyspace.getReplicationStrategy() instanceof NetworkTopologyStrategy))
{
return;
}

Token tk = StorageService.getPartitioner().getToken(mutation.key());
List<InetAddress> cachedNaturalEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getNaturalEndpoints(mutation.getKeyspaceName(), tk);
Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getTokenMetadata().pendingEndpointsFor(tk, mutation.getKeyspaceName());
String keyspaceName = keyspace.getName();
Token tk = StorageService.getPartitioner().getToken(key);
List<InetAddress> cachedNaturalEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getNaturalEndpoints(keyspaceName, tk);
Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getTokenMetadata().pendingEndpointsFor(tk, keyspaceName);

if (mutationIsInvalid(cachedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints))
if (operationIsInvalid(cachedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints))
{
if (cacheWasRecentlyRefreshed())
{
throwInvalidMutationException(mutation, keyspace, cachedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints);
handler.onViolation(keyspace, key, cachedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints);
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an invalid read won't throw an exception here so it will constantly trigger refreshCache on every read, which could potentially be problematic. similarly it will still call handler.onValid(keyspace); at the botton

i think we should define a InvalidReadException and handle it here and below without a refresh

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good catch! To avoid depending on the presence of an exception for correct control flow, I just added some returns in the correct place.

}

refreshCache();

List<InetAddress> refreshedNaturalEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getNaturalEndpoints(mutation.getKeyspaceName(), tk);
List<InetAddress> refreshedNaturalEndpoints = StorageService.instance.getNaturalEndpoints(keyspaceName, tk);

if (mutationIsInvalid(refreshedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints))
if (operationIsInvalid(refreshedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints))
{
throwInvalidMutationException(mutation, keyspace, refreshedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints);
handler.onViolation(keyspace, key, cachedNaturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints);
}
else
{
logger.warn("Ignoring InvalidMutation error detected using stale token ring cache. Error was originally detected for key {} in keyspace {}."
+ " Cached owners {} and {}. Actual owners {} and {}",
Hex.bytesToHex(mutation.key().array()),
mutation.getKeyspaceName(),
cachedNaturalEndpoints,
pendingEndpoints,
refreshedNaturalEndpoints,
pendingEndpoints);
logger.warn("Ignoring InvalidOwnership error detected using stale token ring cache. Error was originally detected for key {} in keyspace {}."
+ " Cached owners {}. Actual owners {}. Pending owners (non-cached) {}.",
UnsafeArg.of("key", Hex.bytesToHex(key.array())),
SafeArg.of("keyspace", keyspaceName),
SafeArg.of("cachedNaturalEndpoints", cachedNaturalEndpoints),
SafeArg.of("refreshedNaturalEndpoints", refreshedNaturalEndpoints),
SafeArg.of("pendingEndpoints", pendingEndpoints));
}
}

keyspace.metric.validMutations.inc();
}


private static void throwInvalidMutationException(Mutation mutation, Keyspace keyspace, List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints)
{
keyspace.metric.invalidMutations.inc();
logger.error("InvalidMutation! Cannot apply mutation as this host {} does not contain key {} in keyspace {}. Only hosts {} and {} do.",
FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress(), Hex.bytesToHex(mutation.key().array()), mutation.getKeyspaceName(), naturalEndpoints, pendingEndpoints);
throw new InvalidMutationException();
handler.onValid(keyspace);
}

private static void refreshCache()
Expand All @@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ private static boolean cacheWasRecentlyRefreshed()
return Duration.between(lastTokenRingCacheUpdate, Instant.now()).compareTo(Duration.ofMinutes(10)) < 0;
}

private static boolean mutationIsInvalid(List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints)
private static boolean operationIsInvalid(List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints)
{
return !naturalEndpoints.contains(FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress()) && !pendingEndpoints.contains(FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress());
}
Expand All @@ -126,5 +131,4 @@ static void clearLastTokenRingCacheUpdate()
{
lastTokenRingCacheUpdate = Instant.MIN;
}

}
58 changes: 58 additions & 0 deletions src/java/com/palantir/cassandra/utils/ReadVerificationHandler.java
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package com.palantir.cassandra.utils;

import com.palantir.logsafe.SafeArg;
import com.palantir.logsafe.UnsafeArg;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Keyspace;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Hex;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

public class ReadVerificationHandler implements OwnershipVerificationHandler
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OwnershipVerificationUtils.class);

public static final OwnershipVerificationHandler INSTANCE = new MutationVerificationHandler();

@Override
public void onViolation(Keyspace keyspace, ByteBuffer key, List<InetAddress> naturalEndpoints, Collection<InetAddress> pendingEndpoints)
{
keyspace.metric.invalidReads.inc();
logger.error(
"Executed InvalidRead! This host {} does not contain key {} in keyspace {}. Only hosts {} and {} do.",
SafeArg.of("address", FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress()),
UnsafeArg.of("key", Hex.bytesToHex(key.array())),
SafeArg.of("keyspace", keyspace.getName()),
SafeArg.of("naturalEndpoints", naturalEndpoints),
SafeArg.of("pendingEndpoints", pendingEndpoints));
}

@Override
public void onValid(Keyspace keyspace)
{
keyspace.metric.validReads.inc();
}
}
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/MutationVerbHandler.java
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;

import com.palantir.cassandra.utils.MutationVerificationUtils;
import com.palantir.cassandra.utils.OwnershipVerificationUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FastByteArrayInputStream;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.tracing.Tracing;
Expand All @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public void doVerb(MessageIn<Mutation> message, int id) throws IOException
replyTo = InetAddress.getByAddress(from);
}

MutationVerificationUtils.verifyMutation(message.payload);
OwnershipVerificationUtils.verifyMutation(message.payload);

message.payload.apply();
WriteResponse response = new WriteResponse();
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/ReadRepairVerbHandler.java
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.db;

import com.palantir.cassandra.utils.MutationVerificationUtils;
import com.palantir.cassandra.utils.OwnershipVerificationUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.IVerbHandler;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.MessageIn;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.MessagingService;
Expand All @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class ReadRepairVerbHandler implements IVerbHandler<Mutation>
{
public void doVerb(MessageIn<Mutation> message, int id)
{
MutationVerificationUtils.verifyMutation(message.payload);
OwnershipVerificationUtils.verifyMutation(message.payload);
message.payload.apply();
WriteResponse response = new WriteResponse();
MessagingService.instance().sendReply(response.createMessage(), id, message.from);
Expand Down
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/ReadVerbHandler.java
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@

import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Uninterruptibles;

import com.palantir.cassandra.utils.OwnershipVerificationUtils;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.IsBootstrappingException;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.IVerbHandler;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ public void doVerb(MessageIn<ReadCommand> message, int id)
ReadResponse.serializer);
Tracing.trace("Enqueuing response to {}", message.from);
MessagingService.instance().sendReply(reply, id, message.from);

OwnershipVerificationUtils.verifyRead(keyspace, command.key);
}
Comment on lines 51 to 55
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note that this verification is intentionally after enqueuing the reply in order to avoid introducing additional latency on the read path. We should consider moving it earlier and throwing an exception after understanding in what circumstances this violation is logged, if any.


public static ReadResponse getResponse(ReadCommand command, Row row)
Expand Down
6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions src/java/org/apache/cassandra/metrics/KeyspaceMetrics.java
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ public class KeyspaceMetrics
public final Counter invalidMutations;
/** Number of mutation requests which are valid */
public final Counter validMutations;
/** Number of read requests which were not for a row this node owned */
public final Counter invalidReads;
/** Number of read requests which are valid */
public final Counter validReads;

public final MetricNameFactory factory;
private Keyspace keyspace;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -273,6 +277,8 @@ public Long getValue(ColumnFamilyMetrics metric)
casCommit = new LatencyMetrics(factory, "CasCommit");
invalidMutations = Metrics.counter(factory.createMetricName("InvalidMutations"));
validMutations = Metrics.counter(factory.createMetricName("ValidMutations"));
invalidReads = Metrics.counter(factory.createMetricName("InvalidReads"));
validReads = Metrics.counter(factory.createMetricName("ValidReads"));
}

/**
Expand Down
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