enhance ensureWork to continue processing clusters after individual failures

[chaosi-zju]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

When ensureWork, one cluster fails would prevent other clusters from syncing, this PR aims to enhance ensureWork to continue processing clusters after individual failures.

reproduce method:

• create any simple deployment and pp
• add a finalizer to the work in karmada-es-member1 namespace to prevent that work from being deleted
• delete the deployment (residual work in karmada-es-member1 will remain)
• recreate deployment, then no work will be created (a more reasonable result is member1's work creation fails, while other clusters succeed)

just like:

kubectl create deploy nginx --image=nginx
kubectl get deploy nginx -o yaml | karmadactl apply --all-clusters=true -f -

kubectl patch work nginx-687f7fb96f --type='json' -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/metadata/finalizers/1", "value": "test"}]' -n karmada-es-member1

kubectl delete deploy nginx
kubectl create deploy nginx --image=nginx

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

[karmada-bot]

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 48.36%. Comparing base (ce41488) to head (42d1f47).
Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pkg/controllers/binding/common.go	50.00%	12 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #6061      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   48.36%   48.36%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         666      666              
  Lines       54842    54847       +5     
==========================================
- Hits        26527    26526       -1     
- Misses      26595    26599       +4     
- Partials     1720     1722       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	48.36% <50.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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[chaosi-zju]

@XiShanYongYe-Chang @RainbowMango