fix(helm): ensure global.extraEnv and global.extraEnvFrom applied to all resources consistently

[siegenthalerroger]

What this PR does / why we need it:

The global.extraEnv and global.extraEnvFrom values introduced in chart 6.27.0 where not included for all declared resources and in some cases weren't applied correctly.

Similar PRs:

• fix backend envFrom typo #16526
• fix: Loki Helm chart statefulset-backend.yaml extraEnvFrom #16708

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #16380
Fixes #16565
Fixes #16683
Fixes #16713
Fixes #16713

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[reonokiy]

main...reonokiy:loki:main#diff-2cd62eebae

There are some other areas in the read module that need fixing (I'm mainly referencing the statefulset-read.yaml file). You can see the diff I posted above.