Random grammar, spelling and content edits. (#3581)

[no important files changed]

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Our documents use [Markdown][markdown-language], with certain [alterations][exer
 - Favor `f-strings` for dynamic failure messages. Please make your error messages as relevant and human-readable as possible.
 - We relate test cases to **task number** via a custom [PyTest Marker][pytestmark].
   - These take the form of `@pytest.mark.task(taskno=<task-number-here>)`. See [Guido's Gorgeous Lasagna][guidos-gorgeous-lasagna-testfile] for an example.
-- We prefer **test data files** when test inputs/ouputs are verbose.
+- We prefer **test data files** when test inputs/outputs are verbose.
   - These should be named with `_data` or `_test_data` at the end of the filename, and saved alongside the test case file.
   - See the [Cater-Waiter][cater-waiter] exercise directory for an example of this setup.
   - **Test data files** need to be added under an `editor` key within [`config.json "files"`][exercise-config-json].
@@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ Although the majority of test cases are written using `unittest.TestCase`,
   - [ ] `.meta/config.json` (**required**)
   - [ ] `.meta/example.py` (**required**)
   - [ ] `.meta/design.md` (_optional_)
-  - [ ] `.meta/template.j2` (_template for generating tests from cannonical data_)
-  - [ ] `.meta/tests.toml` (_tests configuration from cannonical data_)
-  - [ ] `<exercise-slug>_test.py` (_**auto-generated from cannonical data**_)
+  - [ ] `.meta/template.j2` (_template for generating tests from canonical data_)
+  - [ ] `.meta/tests.toml` (_tests configuration from canonical data_)
+  - [ ] `<exercise-slug>_test.py` (_**auto-generated from canonical data**_)
   - [ ] `<exericse-slug>.py` (**required**)
 
   </details>

README.md

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ Hi.  👋🏽  👋  **We are happy you are here.**  🎉&nb
 **`exercism/Python`** is one of many programming language tracks on [exercism(dot)org][exercism-website].
 This repo holds all the instructions, tests, code, & support files for Python _exercises_ currently under development or implemented & available for students.
 
-🌟   Track exercises support Python `3.7` - `3.11.2`.
+🌟   Track exercises support Python `3.7` - `3.11.5`.
 Exceptions to this support are noted where they occur.  
-🌟   Track tooling (_test-runner, representer, analyzer, and Continuous Integration_) runs on Python `3.11.2`.
+🌟   Track tooling (_test-runner, representer, analyzer, and Continuous Integration_) runs on Python `3.11.5`.
 
 Exercises are grouped into **concept** exercises which teach the [Python syllabus][python-syllabus], and **practice** exercises, which are unlocked by progressing in the syllabus tree  🌴 .
 Concept exercises are constrained to a small set of language or syntax features.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ _Thoughtful suggestions will likely result faster & more enthusiastic responses
 
 ## Python Software and Documentation
 
-**Copyright © 2001-2022 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.**
+**Copyright © 2001-2023 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.**
 
 Python software and documentation are licensed under the [PSF License Agreement][psf-license].
 

bin/generate_tests.py

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def parse_datetime(string: str, strip_module: bool = False) -> datetime:
     ]|                              # OR
         o(?:[0-8]{1,3})             # an octal value
     |                               # OR
-        x(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})         # a hexidecimal value
+        x(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})         # a hexadecimal value
     |                               # OR
         N                           # a unicode char name composed of
         \{                          # an opening brace

concepts/binary-octal-hexadecimal/about.md

@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ As with binary and octal, Python will automatically convert hexadecimal literals
 291
 ```
 
-As with binary and octal - hexidecimal literals **are ints**, and you can perform all integer operations.  
-Prefixing a non-hexidecimal number with `0x` will raise a `SyntaxError`.
+As with binary and octal - hexadecimal literals **are ints**, and you can perform all integer operations.  
+Prefixing a non-hexadecimal number with `0x` will raise a `SyntaxError`.
 
 
 ###  Converting to and from Hexadecimal Representation
@@ -216,9 +216,6 @@ As with binary and octal, giving the wrong base will raise a `ValueError`.
 [binary]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number
 [bit_count]:  https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int.bit_count
 [bit_length]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int.bit_length
-[bit_count]:  https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int.bit_count
-[bit_length]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int.bit_length
 [hexadecimal]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal
-[methods-int]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#additional-methods-on-integer-types
 [numeral-systems]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system
 [octal]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal

concepts/binary-octal-hexadecimal/introduction.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Binary is base 2, octal is base 8, and hexadecimal is base 16.
 Normal integers are base 10 in python.
 Binary, octal, and hexadecimal literals are all considered `int` subtypes and Python automatically converts between them.
 This means that they can only represent zero, positive, and negative numbers that do not have a fractional or decimal part.
-Binary, octal, and hexidecimal numbers support all integer operations.
+Binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers support all integer operations.
 However, division (_as with ints_) will return a `float`.
 
 [numeral-systems]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system

concepts/classes/links.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   },
   {
     "url": "https://dbader.org/blog/6-things-youre-missing-out-on-by-never-using-classes-in-your-python-code",
-    "description": "6 Things Youre Missing out on by never using classes in your Python code."
+    "description": "6 Things You are Missing out on by never using classes in your Python code."
   },
   {
     "url": "http://python-history.blogspot.com/2010/06/inside-story-on-new-style-classes.html",

concepts/conditionals/introduction.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ else:
 >>> z is greater than x and y
 ```
 
-[Boolen operations][boolean operations] and [comparisons][comparisons] can be combined with conditionals for more complex testing:
+[Boolean operations][boolean operations] and [comparisons][comparisons] can be combined with conditionals for more complex testing:
 
 ```python
 
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ else:
 '13'
 ```
 
-[if statement]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement
-[control flow tools]: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-control-flow-tools
-[truth value testing]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing
 [boolean operations]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not
 [comparisons]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#comparisons
+[control flow tools]: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#more-control-flow-tools
+[if statement]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-if-statement
+[truth value testing]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing

concepts/function-arguments/about.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ For the basics on function arguments, please see the [function concept][function
 
 ## Parameter Names
 
-Paramater names, like variable names, must start with a letter or underscore and may contain letters, underscores, or numbers.
+Parameter names, like variable names, must start with a letter or underscore and may contain letters, underscores, or numbers.
 Parameter names should not contain spaces or punctuation.
 
 ## Positional Arguments

concepts/function-arguments/introduction.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ For the basics on function arguments, please see the [function concept][function
 
 ## Parameter Names
 
-Paramater names, like variable names, must start with a letter or underscore and may contain letters, underscores, or numbers.
+Parameter names, like variable names, must start with a letter or underscore and may contain letters, underscores, or numbers.
 Parameter names should not contain spaces or punctuation.
 
 ## Positional Arguments

concepts/functions/about.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 A [`function`][function] is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a specific task.
 `Functions` provide better modularity for your application and a high degree of code reuse.
-Python, like other programming languages, has [_built-in functions_][build-in functions] ([`print`][print], [`map`][map], and so on) that are readily available.
+Python, like other programming languages, has [_built-in functions_][built-in functions] ([`print`][print], [`map`][map], and so on) that are readily available.
 You can also define your own functions. Those are called [`user-defined functions`][user defined functions].
 Functions can run something as simple as _printing a message to the console_ or they can be quite complex.
 
-To execute the code inside a function, you need to call the function, which is done by using the function name followed by parenthesese [`()`].
+To execute the code inside a function, you need to call the function, which is done by using the function name followed by parentheses [`()`].
 Data, known as [`arguments`][arguments], can be passed to the function by placing them inside the parenthesese.
 A function definition may include zero or more [`parameters`][parameters].
 Parameters define what argument(s) the function accepts.
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ The full list of function attributes can be found at [Python DataModel][attribut
 [LEGB Rule]: https://realpython.com/python-scope-legb-rule/
 [arguments]: https://www.w3schools.com/python/gloss_python_function_arguments.asp
 [attributes]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#index-33
-[build-in functions]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
+[built-in functions]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
 [def]: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-def-keyword/
 [dict]: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries
 [first class objects]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_object

concepts/functools/about.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The functools module is for higher-order functions: functions that act on or ret
 
 Since a dictionary is used to cache results, the positional and keyword arguments to the function must be hashable.
 
-Here ```maxsize = 128``` means that it is going to memoize lastest 128 function calls at max.
+Here ```maxsize = 128``` means that it is going to memoize latest 128 function calls at max.
 
 The lru_cache works the same way but it can cache at max maxsize calls and if type = True, then the function arguments of different types will be cached separately i.e. 5 and 5.0 will be cached differently.
 
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ The lru_cache works the same way but it can cache at max maxsize calls and if ty
 ```python
 
 >>> @cache
-    def factorial(n):
-        return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1
+>>> def factorial(n):
+>>>    return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1
 
 >>> factorial(10)      # no previously cached result, makes 11 recursive calls
 3628800
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ The lru_cache works the same way but it can cache at max maxsize calls and if ty
 
 # Some types such as str and int may be cached separately even when typed is false.
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize = 128)
-    def factorial(n):
-        return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1
+>>> @lru_cache(maxsize = 128)
+>>> def factorial(n):
+>>>     return n * factorial(n-1) if n else 1
+
 >>> factorial(10)
 3628800
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ CacheInfo(hits=0, misses=11, maxsize=128, currsize=11)
 
 ## Generic functions
 
-***[Generic functions](https://pymotw.com/3/functools/#generic-functions)*** are those which preform the operation based on the argument given to them. In statically typed languages it can be done by function overloading.
+***[Generic functions](https://pymotw.com/3/functools/#generic-functions)*** are those which perform the operation based on the argument given to them. In statically typed languages it can be done by function overloading.
 
 In python functools provides the `singledispatch()` decorator to register a set of generic functions for automatic switching based on the type of the first argument to a function.
 
@@ -193,11 +194,11 @@ True
 
 The ```pow_2.func``` is same as the ```pow``` function.
 
-Here ```pow_2.args``` return an empty tuple becuse we does not pass any positional argument to out partial object call.
+Here ```pow_2.args``` returns an empty tuple because we do not pass any positional argument to our partial object call.
 
-```pow_2.keywords``` return a dictionary of keywords argument which will be supplied when the partial object is called.
+```pow_2.keywords``` returns a dictionary of keywords argument which will be supplied when the partial object is called.
 
-Here ```two_pow.args``` return an ```(2,)``` tuple because we passed 2 as an argument while creating the pratial object, which fixed the value of ```base``` argument as ```2```.
+Here ```two_pow.args``` returns a ```(2,)``` tuple because we passed 2 as an argument while creating the partial object, which fixed the value of ```base``` argument as ```2```.
 
 ### ```partialmethod```
 

concepts/functools/introduction.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The functools module is for higher-order functions: functions that act on or ret
 
 Since a dictionary is used to cache results, the positional and keyword arguments to the function must be hashable.
 
-Here ```maxsize = 128``` means that it is going to memoize lastest 128 function calls at max.
+Here ```maxsize = 128``` means that it is going to memoize latest 128 function calls at max.
 
 ### ```@functools.cache(user_function)```
 

docs/TRACEBACKS.md

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ def halve_and_quadruple(num):
     print((num / 2) * 4)
     return (num / 2) * 4
 
-What the `print` calls revealed is that we used `/` when we should have used `//`, the [floor divison operator][floor divison operator].
+What the `print` calls revealed is that we used `/` when we should have used `//`, the [floor division operator][floor division operator].
 
 ## Logging
 
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ AssertionError: divisor must not be 0
 
 ```
 
-If we start reading the Traceback at the bottom (as we should) we quickly see the problem is that `0` should not be passsed as the `divisor`.
+If we start reading the Traceback at the bottom (as we should) we quickly see the problem is that `0` should not be passed as the `divisor`.
 
 `assert` can also be used to test that a value is of the expected type:
 

exercises/concept/ellens-alien-game/classes_test.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ClassesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @pytest.mark.task(taskno=1)
     def test_alien_has_correct_initial_coordinates(self):
-        """Test thst the Alien class gets correctly initialised."""
+        """Test that the Alien class gets correctly initialised."""
 
         alien = Alien(2, -1)
         error_message = (f'Created a new Alien by calling Alien(2, -1). '

exercises/concept/locomotive-engineer/locomotive_engineer.py

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ def get_list_of_wagons():
 def fix_list_of_wagons(each_wagons_id, missing_wagons):
     """Fix the list of wagons.
 
-    :parm each_wagons_id: list - the list of wagons.
-    :parm missing_wagons: list - the list of missing wagons.
+    :param each_wagons_id: list - the list of wagons.
+    :param missing_wagons: list - the list of missing wagons.
     :return: list - list of wagons.
     """
     pass

reference/concept-exercise-mapping.md

@@ -398,14 +398,14 @@ _Concepts needed for a deeper understanding/fluency_
 
 ## Specialized
 
-_(These are probably outside scope of an Exercism Concept exercise, but might make good longer/practice exercises that recieve mentoring)_
+_(These are probably outside scope of an Exercism Concept exercise, but might make good longer/practice exercises that receive mentoring)_
 
 <details>
     <summary> Advanced/Specialized Concepts
       <br>
     </summary>
 
-- [ ] Asynchronous operatons
+- [ ] Asynchronous operations
   - [ ] [`async`][keyword-async]
   - [ ] [`await`][keyword-await]