README.GIT-RULES

====================
  Git Commit Rules
====================

This is the first file you should be reading when contributing code via Git.
We'll assume you're basically familiar with Git, but feel free to post
your questions on the mailing list. Please have a look at
http://git-scm.com/ for more detailed information on Git.

PHP is developed through the efforts of a large number of people.
Collaboration is a Good Thing(tm), and Git lets us do this. Thus, following
some basic rules with regards to Git usage will::

   a. Make everybody happier, especially those responsible for maintaining
      PHP itself.

   b. Keep the changes consistently well documented and easily trackable.

   c. Prevent some of those 'Oops' moments.

   d. Increase the general level of good will on planet Earth.

Having said that, here are the organizational rules::

   1. Respect other people working on the project.

   2. Discuss any significant changes on the list before committing and get
      confirmation from the release manager for the given branch.

   3. Look at EXTENSIONS file to see who is the primary maintainer of
      the code you want to contribute to.

   4. If you "strongly disagree" about something another person did, don't
      start fighting publicly - take it up in private email.

   5. If you don't know how to do something, ask first!

   6. Test your changes before committing them. We mean it. Really.
      To do so use "make test".

   7. For development use the --enable-debug switch to avoid memory leaks
      and the --enable-zts switch to ensure your code handles
      TSRM correctly and doesn't break for those who need that.

Currently we have the following branches in use::

  master    Active development branch for PHP 8.0, which is open for
            backwards incompatible changes and major internal API changes.

  PHP-7.4   Active development branch for PHP 7.4, which is open for
            new features and minor internal API changes.

  PHP-7.3   Is used to release the PHP 7.3.x series. This is a current
            stable version and is open for bugfixes only.

  PHP-7.2   Is used to release the PHP 7.2.x series. This is a current
            stable version and is open for bugfixes only.

  PHP-7.1   Is used to release the PHP 7.1.x series. This is an old
            stable version and is open for security fixes only.

  PHP-7.0   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.6   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.5   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.4   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.3   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.2   This branch is closed.

  PHP-5.1   This branch is closed.

  PHP-4.4   This branch is closed.

  PHP-X.Y.Z These branches are used for the release managers for tagging
            the releases, hence they are closed to the general public.

The next few rules are more of a technical nature::

   1. All non-security bugfix changes should first go to the lowest bugfix
      branch (i.e. 7.2) and then get merged up to all other branches.
      All security fixes should go to the lowest security fixes branch (i.e 5.6).
      If a change is not needed for later branches (i.e. fixes for features
      which were dropped from later branches) an empty merge should be done.

   2. All news updates intended for public viewing, such as new features,
      bug fixes, improvements, etc., should go into the NEWS file of *any
      stable release* version with the given change. In other words,
      news about a bug fix which went into PHP-5.4, PHP-5.5 and master
      should be noted in both PHP-5.4/NEWS and PHP-5.5/NEWS but
      not master, which is not a public released version yet.

   3. Do not commit multiple files and dump all messages in one commit. If you
      modified several unrelated files, commit each group separately and
      provide a nice commit message for each one. See example below.

   4. Do write your commit message in such a way that it makes sense even
      without the corresponding diff. One should be able to look at it, and
      immediately know what was modified. Definitely include the function name
      in the message as shown below.

   5. In your commit messages, keep each line shorter than 80 characters. And
      try to align your lines vertically, if they wrap. It looks bad otherwise.

   6. If you modified a function that is callable from PHP, prepend PHP to
      the function name as shown below.


The format of the commit messages is pretty simple.

<max 79 characters short description>\n
\n
<long description, 79 chars per line>
\n

An Example from the git project (commit 2b34e486bc):

pack-objects: Fix compilation with NO_PTHREDS

It looks like commit 99fb6e04 (pack-objects: convert to use
parse_options(), 2012-02-01) moved the #ifdef NO_PTHREDS around but
hasn't noticed that the 'arg' variable no longer is available.

If you fix some bugs, you should note the bug ID numbers in your
commit message. Bug ID should be prefixed by "#" for easier access to
bug report when developers are browsing CVS via LXR or Bonsai.

Example:

Fixed bug #14016 (pgsql notice handler double free crash bug.)

When you change the NEWS file for a bug fix, then please keep the bugs
sorted in decreasing order under the fixed version.

You can use OpenGrok (http://lxr.php.net/) and gitweb (http://git.php.net/)
to look at PHP Git repository in various ways.


For further information on the process and further details please refer to
https://wiki.php.net/vcs/gitworkflow and https://wiki.php.net/vcs/gitfaq

Happy hacking,

PHP Team