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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
<title>
司齐的个人博客
</title>
<meta name="generator" content="hexo-theme-yilia-plus">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/pace.min.js"></script>
</head>
</html>
<body>
<div id="app">
<main class="content">
<section class="cover">
<a class="forkMe" href="https://github.com/Shen-Yu/hexo-theme-ayer"
target="_blank"><img width="149" height="149" src="/images/forkme.png"
class="attachment-full size-full" alt="Fork me on GitHub" data-recalc-dims="1"></a>
<div class="cover-frame">
<div class="bg-box">
<img src="/images/cover1.jpg" alt="image frame" />
</div>
<div class="cover-inner text-center text-white">
<h1><a href="/">司齐的个人博客</a></h1>
<div id="subtitle-box">
<span id="subtitle"></span>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cover-learn-more">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="anchor"><i class="ri-arrow-down-line"></i></a>
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</section>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/lib/typed.min.js"></script>
<div id="main">
<section class="outer">
<article class="articles">
<article id="post-javascript的this" class="article article-type-post" itemscope
itemprop="blogPost" data-scroll-reveal>
<div class="article-inner">
<header class="article-header">
<h2 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2020/11/26/javascript%E7%9A%84this/"
>javascript的this</a
>
</h2>
</header>
<div class="article-meta">
<a href="/2020/11/26/javascript%E7%9A%84this/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2020-11-26T12:19:33.491Z" itemprop="datePublished">2020-11-26</time>
</a>
</div>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<h1 id="this-笔记"><a href="#this-笔记" class="headerlink" title="this 笔记"></a>this 笔记</h1><p>在方法内部，this指向当前对象</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xiaoming = {</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="string">'小明'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> birth: <span class="number">1990</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> age: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> y = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>().getFullYear();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> y - <span class="keyword">this</span>.birth;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age; <span class="comment">// function xiaoming.age()</span></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age(); <span class="comment">// 今年调用是25,明年调用就变成26了，this指向xiaoming</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getAge</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> y = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>().getFullYear();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> y - <span class="keyword">this</span>.birth;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xiaoming = {</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="string">'小明'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> birth: <span class="number">1990</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> age: getAge</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age(); <span class="comment">// 25, 正常结果,this指向xiaoming</span></span><br><span class="line">getAge(); <span class="comment">// NaN，this指向window</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> fn = xiaoming.age; <span class="comment">// 先拿到xiaoming的age函数</span></span><br><span class="line">fn(); <span class="comment">// NaN,this指向window</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">'use strict'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xiaoming = {</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="string">'小明'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> birth: <span class="number">1990</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> age: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getAgeFromBirth</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> y = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>().getFullYear();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> y - <span class="keyword">this</span>.birth;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> getAgeFromBirth();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age(); <span class="comment">// Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'birth' of undefined</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//this指向undifined,在非strict模式下，指向window</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解决方法，使用<code>var that = this</code>,用that代替this</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">'use strict'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xiaoming = {</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="string">'小明'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> birth: <span class="number">1990</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> age: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> that = <span class="keyword">this</span>; <span class="comment">// 在方法内部一开始就捕获this</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getAgeFromBirth</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> y = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>().getFullYear();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> y - that.birth; <span class="comment">// 用that而不是this</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> getAgeFromBirth();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age(); <span class="comment">// 25</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用apply函数指定this指向哪个对象（第一个参数是this要指向的对象，第二个参数是<code>array</code>表示函数本身的参数</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getAge</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> y = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Date</span>().getFullYear();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> y - <span class="keyword">this</span>.birth;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xiaoming = {</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="string">'小明'</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> birth: <span class="number">1990</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> age: getAge</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xiaoming.age(); <span class="comment">// 25</span></span><br><span class="line">getAge.apply(xiaoming, []); <span class="comment">// 25, this指向xiaoming, 参数为空</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>call函数：</p>
<p> 与apply函数不同的是apply把参数打包成<code>array</code>,call函数直接把参数按顺序传入</p>
<p>普通函数调用通常把this绑定为null</p>
<!-- reward -->
</div>
<!-- copyright -->
<footer class="article-footer">
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<article id="post-CORS总结" class="article article-type-post" itemscope
itemprop="blogPost" data-scroll-reveal>
<div class="article-inner">
<header class="article-header">
<h2 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2020/11/25/CORS%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/"
>CORS总结</a
>
</h2>
</header>
<div class="article-meta">
<a href="/2020/11/25/CORS%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2020-11-25T03:27:37.564Z" itemprop="datePublished">2020-11-25</time>
</a>
</div>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<h1 id="CORS要点总结"><a href="#CORS要点总结" class="headerlink" title="CORS要点总结"></a>CORS要点总结</h1><p><em>本文根据阮一峰的<a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/04/cors.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">跨域资源共享CORS详解</a>总结</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p>CORS请求</p>
<ol>
<li><p>简单请求</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(1)请求方法</span><br><span class="line"> HEAD</span><br><span class="line"> GET</span><br><span class="line"> POST</span><br><span class="line">(2)HTTP头信息不超过以下字段</span><br><span class="line"> Accept</span><br><span class="line"> Accept-Language</span><br><span class="line"> Content-Language</span><br><span class="line"> Last-Event-ID</span><br><span class="line"> Content-Type:只限于三个值</span><br><span class="line"> application/x-www-form-urlencoded</span><br><span class="line"> multipart/form-data</span><br><span class="line"> text/plain</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>浏览器处理流程</p>
<ol>
<li><p>基本流程</p>
<p>直接发出CORS请求 <!--就是直接在头信息增加一个Origin字段--></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">GET /cors HTTP/1.1</span><br><span class="line">Origin: http://api.bob.com</span><br><span class="line">Host: api.alice.com</span><br><span class="line">Accept-Language: en-US</span><br><span class="line">Connection: keep-alive</span><br><span class="line">User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Origin字段说明请求来自哪个源（协议+域名+端口），服务器根据这个值决定是否同意这次请求</p>
<ul>
<li><p>如果Origin指定的源不在许可范围内，服务器会返回一个正常的HTTP回应，浏览器发现回应的头信息没有包括<strong>Access-Control-Allow-Origin</strong>字段，就知道出错了，从而抛出错误被XmlHttpRequest的onerror回调函数捕获。</p>
<p><em>注意：这种错误无法通过状态码识别，因为HTTP回应的状态码有可能是200</em></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<pre><code> - 如果Origin指定的域名在许可范围内，服务器返回的响应会多出几个头信息字段
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Expose-Headers: FooBar</span><br><span class="line">Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
1. **Access-Control-Allow-Origin**
该字段时必须的，他的值要么是请求时Origin字段的值，要么是一个*****(表示接受任意域名的请求)
2. **Access-Control-Allow-Credentials**
该字段可选，布尔类型，表示是否允许发送Cookie。默认不发送Cookie。设为true表示可以发送Cookie。不允许发送Cookie，删除该字段即可（该字段值只能为true）
3. **Access-Control-Expose-Headers**
该字段可选。CORS请求时，XmlHttpRequest 对象的getResponseHeader()方法只能拿到6个基本字段
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Cache-Control</span><br><span class="line">Content-Language</span><br><span class="line">Content-Type</span><br><span class="line">Expires</span><br><span class="line">Last-Modified</span><br><span class="line">Prama</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
如果想要获取其他字段，就必须在Access-Control-Expose-Headers指定
2. withCredentials 属性
CORS默认不发送Cookie和HTTP认证信息，如果要把Cookie发送到服务器，需要
1. 指定Access-Control-Allow-Credentials字段
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
2. 开发者必须在AJAX请求中打开withCredentials属性
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();</span><br><span class="line">xhr.withCredentials = true;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
*注意：如果省略withCredentials设置，有的浏览器还是会发送Cookie，可以显示关闭它*
*注意：如果要发送Cookie，Access-Control-Allow-Origin的值不能为*****。*</code></pre><ol start="2">
<li><p>非简单请求(不同时满足上面两个条件）</p>
<ol>
<li><p>预检请求(在正是通信前，增加一次HTTP查询请求)</p>
<p>浏览器发现非简单请求时，自动发出一个预检请求，要求服务器确认可以这样的请求</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">OPTIONS /cors HTTP/1.1</span><br><span class="line">Origin: http://api.bob.com</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Request-Method: PUT</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Request-Headers: X-Custom-Header</span><br><span class="line">Host: api.alice.com</span><br><span class="line">Accept-Language: en-US</span><br><span class="line">Connection: keep-alive</span><br><span class="line">User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
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</li>
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<pre><code> 预检请求使用的请求方法是OPTIONS，关键字段是Origin，表示请求来自哪个源。
预检请求头信息还包括两个特殊字段
- **Access-Control-Request-Method**
这个字段时必须的，用来列出浏览器的CORS请求会用到哪些HTTP方法
- **Access-Control-Request-Headers**
这个字段是一个逗号分隔的字符串，指定CORS请求会额外发送的头信息字段
2. 预检请求的回应
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">HTTP/1.1 200 OK</span><br><span class="line">Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2008 01:15:39 GMT</span><br><span class="line">Server: Apache/2.0.61 (Unix)</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com /*表示可以请求数据*/</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, PUT /*表明服务器支持的所有跨域请求的方法*/</span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Headers: X-Custom-Header /*表明服务器支持的所有头信息字段*/</span><br><span class="line">Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span><br><span class="line">Content-Encoding: gzip</span><br><span class="line">Content-Length: 0</span><br><span class="line">Keep-Alive: timeout=2, max=100</span><br><span class="line">Connection: Keep-Alive</span><br><span class="line">Content-Type: text/plain</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
- **Access-Control-Max-Age** 可选字段，指定预检请求的有效期，单位为秒
如果服务器否定了预检请求，会返回正常的HTTP回应，没有任何CORS相关的头信息字段,浏览器会识别并打印报错信息
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://api.alice.com.</span><br><span class="line">Origin http://api.bob.com is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Origin.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
3. 浏览器的正常请求和回应
一旦服务器通过了预检请求，以后正常的CORS请求就跟简单请求一样，会有一个Origin头信息字段
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PUT /cors HTTP/1.1</span><br><span class="line">Origin: http://api.bob.com</span><br><span class="line">Host: api.alice.com</span><br><span class="line">X-Custom-Header: value</span><br><span class="line">Accept-Language: en-US</span><br><span class="line">Connection: keep-alive</span><br><span class="line">User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
服务器的正常回应
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com</span><br><span class="line">Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></code></pre>
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