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<article class="bd-article">
<section id="about-us">
<span id="about"></span><h1>About us<a class="headerlink" href="#about-us" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<section id="history">
<h2>History<a class="headerlink" href="#history" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>This project was started in 2007 as a Google Summer of Code project by
David Cournapeau. Later that year, Matthieu Brucher started working on this project
as part of his thesis.</p>
<p>In 2010 Fabian Pedregosa, Gael Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort and Vincent
Michel of INRIA took leadership of the project and made the first public
release, February the 1st 2010. Since then, several releases have appeared
following an approximately 3-month cycle, and a thriving international
community has been leading the development. As a result, INRIA holds the
copyright over the work done by people who were employed by INRIA at the
time of the contribution.</p>
</section>
<section id="governance">
<h2>Governance<a class="headerlink" href="#governance" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The decision making process and governance structure of scikit-learn, like roles and responsibilities, is laid out in the <a class="reference internal" href="governance.html#governance"><span class="std std-ref">governance document</span></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-people-behind-scikit-learn">
<span id="authors"></span><h2>The people behind scikit-learn<a class="headerlink" href="#the-people-behind-scikit-learn" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Scikit-learn is a community project, developed by a large group of
people, all across the world. A few core contributor teams, listed below, have
central roles, however a more complete list of contributors can be found <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/graphs/contributors">on
github</a>.</p>
<section id="active-core-contributors">
<h3>Active Core Contributors<a class="headerlink" href="#active-core-contributors" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<section id="maintainers-team">
<h4>Maintainers Team<a class="headerlink" href="#maintainers-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people are currently maintainers, in charge of
consolidating scikit-learn’s development and maintenance:</p>
<!-- Generated by generate_authors_table.py -->
<div class="sk-authors-container">
<style>
img.avatar {border-radius: 10px;}
</style>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/jeremiedbb'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34657725?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Jérémie du Boisberranger</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/lesteve'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1680079?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Loïc Estève</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/thomasjpfan'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5402633?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Thomas J. Fan</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/agramfort'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/161052?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Alexandre Gramfort</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/ogrisel'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/89061?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Olivier Grisel</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/betatim'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1448859?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Tim Head</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/NicolasHug'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1190450?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Nicolas Hug</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/adrinjalali'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1663864?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Adrin Jalali</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/jjerphan'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13029839?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Julien Jerphanion</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/glemaitre'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7454015?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Guillaume Lemaitre</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/adam2392'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3460267?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Adam Li</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/lucyleeow'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23182829?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Lucy Liu</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/lorentzenchr'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15324633?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Christian Lorentzen</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/amueller'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/449558?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Andreas Mueller</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/jnothman'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/78827?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Joel Nothman</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/OmarManzoor'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17495884?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Omar Salman</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/GaelVaroquaux'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/208217?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Gael Varoquaux</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/Charlie-XIAO'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/108576690?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Yao Xiao</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/Micky774'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34613774?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Meekail Zain</p>
</div>
</div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Please do not email the authors directly to ask for assistance or report issues.
Instead, please see <a class="reference external" href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/faq.html#what-s-the-best-way-to-get-help-on-scikit-learn-usage">What’s the best way to ask questions about scikit-learn</a>
in the FAQ.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<p>How you can <a class="reference internal" href="developers/contributing.html#contributing"><span class="std std-ref">contribute to the project</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="documentation-team">
<h4>Documentation Team<a class="headerlink" href="#documentation-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people help with documenting the project:</p>
<!-- Generated by generate_authors_table.py -->
<div class="sk-authors-container">
<style>
img.avatar {border-radius: 10px;}
</style>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/ArturoAmorQ'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/86408019?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Arturo Amor</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/lucyleeow'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23182829?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Lucy Liu</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/marenwestermann'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17019042?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Maren Westermann</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/Charlie-XIAO'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/108576690?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Yao Xiao</p>
</div>
</div></section>
<section id="contributor-experience-team">
<h4>Contributor Experience Team<a class="headerlink" href="#contributor-experience-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people are active contributors who also help with
<a class="reference internal" href="developers/bug_triaging.html#bug-triaging"><span class="std std-ref">triaging issues</span></a>, PRs, and general
maintenance:</p>
<!-- Generated by generate_authors_table.py -->
<div class="sk-authors-container">
<style>
img.avatar {border-radius: 10px;}
</style>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/virchan'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25701849?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Virgil Chan</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/alfaro96'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32649176?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Juan Carlos Alfaro Jiménez</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/lucyleeow'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23182829?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Lucy Liu</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/MaxwellLZH'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16646940?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Maxwell Liu</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/jmloyola'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2133361?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Juan Martin Loyola</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/smarie'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3236794?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Sylvain Marié</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/norbusan'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1735589?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Norbert Preining</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/StefanieSenger'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/91849487?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Stefanie Senger</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/reshamas'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2507232?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Reshama Shaikh</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/albertcthomas'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15966638?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Albert Thomas</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/marenwestermann'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17019042?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Maren Westermann</p>
</div>
</div></section>
<section id="communication-team">
<h4>Communication Team<a class="headerlink" href="#communication-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people help with <a class="reference internal" href="governance.html#communication-team"><span class="std std-ref">communication around scikit-learn</span></a>.</p>
<!-- Generated by generate_authors_table.py -->
<div class="sk-authors-container">
<style>
img.avatar {border-radius: 10px;}
</style>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/laurburke'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35973528?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>Lauren Burke-McCarthy</p>
</div>
<div>
<a href='https://github.com/francoisgoupil'><img src='https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/98105626?v=4' class='avatar' /></a> <br />
<p>François Goupil</p>
</div>
</div></section>
</section>
<section id="emeritus-core-contributors">
<h3>Emeritus Core Contributors<a class="headerlink" href="#emeritus-core-contributors" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h3>
<section id="emeritus-maintainers-team">
<h4>Emeritus Maintainers Team<a class="headerlink" href="#emeritus-maintainers-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people have been active contributors in the past, but are no
longer active in the project:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Mathieu Blondel</p></li>
<li><p>Joris Van den Bossche</p></li>
<li><p>Matthieu Brucher</p></li>
<li><p>Lars Buitinck</p></li>
<li><p>David Cournapeau</p></li>
<li><p>Noel Dawe</p></li>
<li><p>Vincent Dubourg</p></li>
<li><p>Edouard Duchesnay</p></li>
<li><p>Alexander Fabisch</p></li>
<li><p>Virgile Fritsch</p></li>
<li><p>Satrajit Ghosh</p></li>
<li><p>Angel Soler Gollonet</p></li>
<li><p>Chris Gorgolewski</p></li>
<li><p>Jaques Grobler</p></li>
<li><p>Yaroslav Halchenko</p></li>
<li><p>Brian Holt</p></li>
<li><p>Arnaud Joly</p></li>
<li><p>Thouis (Ray) Jones</p></li>
<li><p>Kyle Kastner</p></li>
<li><p>manoj kumar</p></li>
<li><p>Robert Layton</p></li>
<li><p>Wei Li</p></li>
<li><p>Paolo Losi</p></li>
<li><p>Gilles Louppe</p></li>
<li><p>Jan Hendrik Metzen</p></li>
<li><p>Vincent Michel</p></li>
<li><p>Jarrod Millman</p></li>
<li><p>Vlad Niculae</p></li>
<li><p>Alexandre Passos</p></li>
<li><p>Fabian Pedregosa</p></li>
<li><p>Peter Prettenhofer</p></li>
<li><p>Hanmin Qin</p></li>
<li><p>(Venkat) Raghav, Rajagopalan</p></li>
<li><p>Jacob Schreiber</p></li>
<li><p>杜世橋 Du Shiqiao</p></li>
<li><p>Bertrand Thirion</p></li>
<li><p>Tom Dupré la Tour</p></li>
<li><p>Jake Vanderplas</p></li>
<li><p>Nelle Varoquaux</p></li>
<li><p>David Warde-Farley</p></li>
<li><p>Ron Weiss</p></li>
<li><p>Roman Yurchak</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="emeritus-communication-team">
<h4>Emeritus Communication Team<a class="headerlink" href="#emeritus-communication-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people have been active in the communication team in the
past, but no longer have communication responsibilities:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Reshama Shaikh</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="emeritus-contributor-experience-team">
<h4>Emeritus Contributor Experience Team<a class="headerlink" href="#emeritus-contributor-experience-team" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>The following people have been active in the contributor experience team in the
past:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Chiara Marmo</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="citing-scikit-learn">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>Citing scikit-learn<a class="headerlink" href="#citing-scikit-learn" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>If you use scikit-learn in a scientific publication, we would appreciate
citations to the following paper:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/v12/pedregosa11a.html">Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python</a>, Pedregosa
<em>et al.</em>, JMLR 12, pp. 2825-2830, 2011.</p>
<p>Bibtex entry:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@article</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">scikit</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">learn</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Scikit</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">learn</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Machine</span> <span class="n">Learning</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">ython</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">author</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Pedregosa</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">F</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Varoquaux</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">G</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Gramfort</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Michel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Thirion</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Grisel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">O</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Blondel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Prettenhofer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">P</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Weiss</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">R</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Dubourg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Vanderplas</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">J</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Passos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="n">Cournapeau</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">D</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Brucher</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Perrot</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Duchesnay</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">E</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">journal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Journal</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">Machine</span> <span class="n">Learning</span> <span class="n">Research</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">volume</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">pages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2825</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="mi">2830</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2011</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to cite scikit-learn for its API or design, you may also want to consider the
following paper:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.0238">API design for machine learning software: experiences from the scikit-learn
project</a>, Buitinck <em>et al.</em>, 2013.</p>
<p>Bibtex entry:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@inproceedings</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">sklearn_api</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Lars</span> <span class="n">Buitinck</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Gilles</span> <span class="n">Louppe</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Mathieu</span> <span class="n">Blondel</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="n">Fabian</span> <span class="n">Pedregosa</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Andreas</span> <span class="n">Mueller</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Olivier</span> <span class="n">Grisel</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="n">Vlad</span> <span class="n">Niculae</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Peter</span> <span class="n">Prettenhofer</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Alexandre</span> <span class="n">Gramfort</span>
<span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Jaques</span> <span class="n">Grobler</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Robert</span> <span class="n">Layton</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Jake</span> <span class="n">VanderPlas</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="n">Arnaud</span> <span class="n">Joly</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Brian</span> <span class="n">Holt</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Ga</span><span class="p">{</span>\<span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{e}</span><span class="s2">}l Varoquaux},</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="n">API</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">design</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">machine</span> <span class="n">learning</span> <span class="n">software</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">experiences</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">the</span> <span class="n">scikit</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">learn</span>
<span class="n">project</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">booktitle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ECML</span> <span class="n">PKDD</span> <span class="n">Workshop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Languages</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">Data</span> <span class="n">Mining</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">Machine</span> <span class="n">Learning</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2013</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="n">pages</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">108</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="mi">122</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="artwork">
<h2>Artwork<a class="headerlink" href="#artwork" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>High quality PNG and SVG logos are available in the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/tree/main/doc/logos">doc/logos/</a>
source directory.</p>
<img alt="_images/scikit-learn-logo-notext.png" class="align-center" src="_images/scikit-learn-logo-notext.png" />
</section>
<section id="funding">
<h2>Funding<a class="headerlink" href="#funding" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Scikit-learn is a community driven project, however institutional and private
grants help to assure its sustainability.</p>
<p>The project would like to thank the following funders.</p>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="https://probabl.ai">:probabl.</a> employs Adrin Jalali, Arturo Amor,
François Goupil, Guillaume Lemaitre, Jérémie du Boisberranger, Loïc Estève,
Olivier Grisel, and Stefanie Senger.</p>
</div>
<div class="image-box docutils">
<a class="reference external image-reference" href="https://probabl.ai"><img alt="_images/probabl.png" src="_images/probabl.png" />
</a>
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</div>
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<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://scikit-learn.fondation-inria.fr/en/home/#sponsors">Members</a> of
the <a class="reference external" href="https://scikit-learn.fondation-inria.fr/en/home/">Scikit-learn Consortium at Inria Foundation</a> help at maintaining and
improving the project through their financial support.</p>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td colspan="2"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.chanel.com"><img alt="chanel" src="_images/chanel.png" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.axa.fr/"><img alt="axa" src="_images/axa.png" /></a></p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.bnpparibascardif.com/"><img alt="bnp" src="_images/bnp.png" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td colspan="2"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.nvidia.com"><img alt="nvidia" src="_images/nvidia.png" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td colspan="2"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.dataiku.com/"><img alt="dataiku" src="_images/dataiku.png" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td colspan="2"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.inria.fr"><img alt="inria" src="_images/inria-logo.jpg" /></a></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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</div>
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<p><a class="reference external" href="https://nvidia.com">NVidia</a> funds Tim Head since 2022
and is part of the scikit-learn consortium at Inria.</p>
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<a class="reference external image-reference" href="https://nvidia.com"><img alt="_images/nvidia.png" src="_images/nvidia.png" />
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