gh-39701: Use uv for linter workflow
    
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Currently, the linter workflow always uses the latest release of all
dependencies. Thus, updates to these linters may result in broken CI
(just happened yesterday see #39699).

Here, we use `uv` to lock the dependency of all tools used in the linter
workflow. The lock file will be automatically updated using renovate.

Also remove `pycodestyle` as by now it can be replaced by ruff.

(The lock file also contains all sage dependencies and thus may be used
to replace the manual updates of python deps in sage-the-distro
@dimpase)

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- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: #39701
Reported by: Tobias Diez
Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik

Author: Release Manager

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -26,30 +26,19 @@ jobs:
         .ci/merge-fixes.sh
       env:
         GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        SAGE_CI_FIXES_FROM_REPOSITORIES: ${{ vars.SAGE_CI_FIXES_FROM_REPOSITORIES }}
 
-    - name: Install test prerequisites
+    - name: Install prerequisites
       id: deps
-      # From docker.yml
-      run: |
-        sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update
-        sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install tox
+      run: pip install uv
 
     - name: Code style check with ruff-minimal
       if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'
-      run: tox -e ruff-minimal
-      env:
-        # https://github.com/ChartBoost/ruff-action/issues/7#issuecomment-1887780308
-        RUFF_OUTPUT_FORMAT: github
-
-    - name: Code style check with pycodestyle-minimal
-      if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'
-      run: tox -e pycodestyle-minimal
+      run: uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- ruff check --output-format github --ignore E402,E721,E731,E741,E742,E743,F401,F402,F403,F405,F821,F841,I001,PLC0206,PLC0208,PLC2401,PLC3002,PLE0302,PLR0124,PLR0402,PLR0911,PLR0912,PLR0913,PLR0915,PLR1704,PLR1711,PLR1714,PLR1716,PLR1736,PLR2004,PLR5501,PLW0120,PLW0211,PLW0602,PLW0603,PLW0642,PLW1508,PLW1510,PLW2901,PLW3301
 
     - name: Code style check with relint
       if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'
-      run: tox -e relint -- src/sage/
+      run: uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- relint -c src/.relint.yml -- src/sage/
 
     - name: Validate docstring markup as RST
       if: (success() || failure()) && steps.deps.outcome == 'success'
-      run: tox -e rst
+      run: uv run --frozen --only-group lint -- flake8 --select=RST src/sage/ --config src/tox.ini

build/sage_bootstrap/package.py

@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@
 #                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
 # ****************************************************************************
 
-import re
-import os
 import logging
+import os
+import re
 
 from sage_bootstrap.env import SAGE_ROOT
 
-
 log = logging.getLogger()
 
 
@@ -443,8 +442,6 @@ def dependencies_runtime(self):
         # after a '|', we have order-only build dependencies
         return self.__dependencies.partition('|')[0].strip().split()
 
-    dependencies = dependencies_runtime
-
     @property
     def dependencies_check(self):
         """

renovate.json5

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  $schema: "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+  extends: [
+    'config:best-practices',
+    // Update uv.lock: https://docs.renovatebot.com/presets-default/#maintainlockfilesmonthly
+    ':maintainLockFilesMonthly',
+    // Disable dashboard: https://docs.renovatebot.com/key-concepts/dashboard/
+    ':disableDependencyDashboard',
+  ],
+}

src/doc/en/developer/tools.rst

@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@
 Development and Testing Tools
 =============================
 
+uv
+==
+
+`uv <https://docs.astral.sh/uv/>`_ is a versatile tool for 
+managing and synchronizing project dependencies. 
+
+The lockfile `uv.lock` in the root captures the exact package versions for 
+all systems and ensures consistent, reproducible installations.
+It is automatically updated during ``uv`` operations like ``uv add`` 
+and ``uv run``, or explicitly with ``uv lock``. 
+Moreover, it is periodically updated by `Renovate <https://docs.renovatebot.com/>`_.
+
 .. _section-tools-tox:
 
 Tox