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3.8.po
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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# Tetsuo Koyama <[email protected]>, 2021
# Arihiro TAKASE, 2023
# Takanori Suzuki <[email protected]>, 2024
# tomo, 2024
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-02-14 14:17+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-29 13:04+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: tomo, 2024\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/"
"ja/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: ja\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.8"
msgstr "What's New In Python 3.8"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:0
msgid "Editor"
msgstr "編集者"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:45
msgid "Raymond Hettinger"
msgstr "Raymond Hettinger"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:47
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.8, compared to 3.7. "
"Python 3.8 was released on October 14, 2019. For full details, see the :ref:"
"`changelog <changelog>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:61
msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"
msgstr "概要 -- リリースハイライト"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:72
msgid "New Features"
msgstr "新しい機能"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:75
msgid "Assignment expressions"
msgstr "代入式"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:77
msgid ""
"There is new syntax ``:=`` that assigns values to variables as part of a "
"larger expression. It is affectionately known as \"the walrus operator\" due "
"to its resemblance to `the eyes and tusks of a walrus <https://en.wikipedia."
"org/wiki/Walrus#/media/File:Pacific_Walrus_-_Bull_(8247646168).jpg>`_."
msgstr ""
"大きな構文の一部として、変数に値を割り当てる新しい構文 ``:=`` が追加されまし"
"た。\n"
"この構文は `セイウチの目と牙 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrus#/media/"
"File:Pacific_Walrus_-_Bull_(8247646168).jpg>`_ に似ているため、「セイウチ演算"
"子」の愛称で知られています。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:82
msgid ""
"In this example, the assignment expression helps avoid calling :func:`len` "
"twice::"
msgstr ""
"以下の例では、代入式により :func:`len` 関数を二重に呼びだすことを回避していま"
"す::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:85
msgid ""
"if (n := len(a)) > 10:\n"
" print(f\"List is too long ({n} elements, expected <= 10)\")"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:88
msgid ""
"A similar benefit arises during regular expression matching where match "
"objects are needed twice, once to test whether a match occurred and another "
"to extract a subgroup::"
msgstr ""
"同様の利点が、マッチがしたかどうかの判定とサブグループの取得とで2回マッチオブ"
"ジェクトが必要になる、正規表現によるマッチでも、発揮されます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:92
msgid ""
"discount = 0.0\n"
"if (mo := re.search(r'(\\d+)% discount', advertisement)):\n"
" discount = float(mo.group(1)) / 100.0"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:96
msgid ""
"The operator is also useful with while-loops that compute a value to test "
"loop termination and then need that same value again in the body of the "
"loop::"
msgstr ""
"この演算子は、生成した値をループ終了の判定とループ本体の両方で使用するような "
"while 文においても、有用です::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:100
msgid ""
"# Loop over fixed length blocks\n"
"while (block := f.read(256)) != '':\n"
" process(block)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:104
msgid ""
"Another motivating use case arises in list comprehensions where a value "
"computed in a filtering condition is also needed in the expression body::"
msgstr ""
"動機となったもう 1 つのユースケースは、リスト内包表記においてフィルター条件の"
"中で計算した値が式の本体でも必要になるところから出てきます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:108
msgid ""
"[clean_name.title() for name in names\n"
" if (clean_name := normalize('NFC', name)) in allowed_names]"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:111
msgid ""
"Try to limit use of the walrus operator to clean cases that reduce "
"complexity and improve readability."
msgstr ""
"セイウチ演算子の使用は、複雑さを減らしたり可読性を向上させる綺麗なケースに限"
"るよう努めてください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:114
msgid "See :pep:`572` for a full description."
msgstr "完全な説明は :pep:`572` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:116
msgid "(Contributed by Emily Morehouse in :issue:`35224`.)"
msgstr "(Emily Morehouse の貢献による :issue:`35224`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:120
msgid "Positional-only parameters"
msgstr "位置専用引数"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:122
msgid ""
"There is a new function parameter syntax ``/`` to indicate that some "
"function parameters must be specified positionally and cannot be used as "
"keyword arguments. This is the same notation shown by ``help()`` for C "
"functions annotated with Larry Hastings' `Argument Clinic <https://devguide."
"python.org/development-tools/clinic/>`__ tool."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:128
msgid ""
"In the following example, parameters *a* and *b* are positional-only, while "
"*c* or *d* can be positional or keyword, and *e* or *f* are required to be "
"keywords::"
msgstr ""
"以下の例では、引数 *a* と *b* が位置専用、 *c* と *d* が位置引数でもキーワー"
"ド引数でも可、*e* と *f* はキーワード引数専用です::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:132
msgid ""
"def f(a, b, /, c, d, *, e, f):\n"
" print(a, b, c, d, e, f)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:135
msgid "The following is a valid call::"
msgstr "以下は正しい関数呼び出しです::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:137
msgid "f(10, 20, 30, d=40, e=50, f=60)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:139
msgid "However, these are invalid calls::"
msgstr "一方、以下は不正です::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:141
msgid ""
"f(10, b=20, c=30, d=40, e=50, f=60) # b cannot be a keyword argument\n"
"f(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, f=60) # e must be a keyword argument"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:144
msgid ""
"One use case for this notation is that it allows pure Python functions to "
"fully emulate behaviors of existing C coded functions. For example, the "
"built-in :func:`divmod` function does not accept keyword arguments::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:148
msgid ""
"def divmod(a, b, /):\n"
" \"Emulate the built in divmod() function\"\n"
" return (a // b, a % b)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:152
msgid ""
"Another use case is to preclude keyword arguments when the parameter name is "
"not helpful. For example, the builtin :func:`len` function has the "
"signature ``len(obj, /)``. This precludes awkward calls such as::"
msgstr ""
"もう一つのユースケースは、引数名が有用ではない場合にキーワード引数としての利"
"用を排除することです。例えば組み込み関数 :func:`len` は ``len(obj, /)`` とい"
"うシグニチャです。これにより、以下のようなぎこちない呼び出しが排除されます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:156
msgid "len(obj='hello') # The \"obj\" keyword argument impairs readability"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:158
msgid ""
"A further benefit of marking a parameter as positional-only is that it "
"allows the parameter name to be changed in the future without risk of "
"breaking client code. For example, in the :mod:`statistics` module, the "
"parameter name *dist* may be changed in the future. This was made possible "
"with the following function specification::"
msgstr ""
"引数を位置専用とすることは、のちに引数名を変更する際に呼び出し側のコードを壊"
"してしまう心配がないという利点があります。例えば、:mod:`statistics` モジュー"
"ルでは、*dist* という引数名が将来変更される可能性があります。これは、関数が以"
"下のような定義だからこそ可能なことです::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:164
msgid ""
"def quantiles(dist, /, *, n=4, method='exclusive')\n"
" ..."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:167
msgid ""
"Since the parameters to the left of ``/`` are not exposed as possible "
"keywords, the parameters names remain available for use in ``**kwargs``::"
msgstr ""
" ``/`` の左に置かれた引数はキーワード引数には使用されませんが、それゆえに同じ"
"名前が ``**kwargs`` に出現することがあり得ます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:170
msgid ""
">>> def f(a, b, /, **kwargs):\n"
"... print(a, b, kwargs)\n"
"...\n"
">>> f(10, 20, a=1, b=2, c=3) # a and b are used in two ways\n"
"10 20 {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:176
msgid ""
"This greatly simplifies the implementation of functions and methods that "
"need to accept arbitrary keyword arguments. For example, here is an excerpt "
"from code in the :mod:`collections` module::"
msgstr ""
"これにより、任意のキーワード引数を受け取る関数やメソッドを定義するのが、ぐん"
"とシンプルになります。例えば、これは :mod:`collections` モジュールから抜き出"
"したコードです："
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:180
msgid ""
"class Counter(dict):\n"
"\n"
" def __init__(self, iterable=None, /, **kwds):\n"
" # Note \"iterable\" is a possible keyword argument"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:185
msgid "See :pep:`570` for a full description."
msgstr "詳細は :pep:`570` を参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:187
msgid "(Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`36540`.)"
msgstr "(Pablo Galindo の貢献による :issue:`36540`。)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:193
msgid "Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode files"
msgstr ""
"コンパイル済みのバイトコードファイルのキャッシュを併存させるファイルシステム"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:195
msgid ""
"The new :envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` setting (also available as :option:`-"
"X` ``pycache_prefix``) configures the implicit bytecode cache to use a "
"separate parallel filesystem tree, rather than the default ``__pycache__`` "
"subdirectories within each source directory."
msgstr ""
"暗黙のバイトコードキャッシュは、デフォルトでは各ソースコードのディレクトリ内"
"の ``__pycache__`` サブディレクトリを使用しますが、新たに追加された環境変数 :"
"envvar:`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` （またはコマンドラインオプション :option:`-X` "
"``pycache_prefix``) を指定すると、ソースコードと分離されたディレクトリツリー"
"に格納されるようになります。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:201
msgid ""
"The location of the cache is reported in :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` (:const:"
"`None` indicates the default location in ``__pycache__`` subdirectories)."
msgstr ""
"キャッシュの場所は :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` で参照できます"
"（``__pycache__`` を使用する場合は :const:`None` になります）。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:205
msgid "(Contributed by Carl Meyer in :issue:`33499`.)"
msgstr "（Carl Meyer の貢献による :issue:`33499`）"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:209
msgid "Debug build uses the same ABI as release build"
msgstr "デバッグビルドとリリースビルドのABI 共通化"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:211
msgid ""
"Python now uses the same ABI whether it's built in release or debug mode. On "
"Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, it is now possible to load C "
"extensions built in release mode and C extensions built using the stable ABI."
msgstr ""
"Python はリリースモード、デバッグモード両方のビルドにおいて、同じABI を用いる"
"ようになりました。Unix において、Python がデバッグモードでビルドされている場"
"合、リリースモードで、あるいは安定ABI を用いて、ビルドされたC拡張モジュールを"
"読み込むことができます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:215
msgid ""
"Release builds and :ref:`debug builds <debug-build>` are now ABI compatible: "
"defining the ``Py_DEBUG`` macro no longer implies the ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` "
"macro, which introduces the only ABI incompatibility. The ``Py_TRACE_REFS`` "
"macro, which adds the :func:`sys.getobjects` function and the :envvar:"
"`PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable, can be set using the new :option:`./"
"configure --with-trace-refs <--with-trace-refs>` build option. (Contributed "
"by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36465`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:223
msgid ""
"On Unix, C extensions are no longer linked to libpython except on Android "
"and Cygwin. It is now possible for a statically linked Python to load a C "
"extension built using a shared library Python. (Contributed by Victor "
"Stinner in :issue:`21536`.)"
msgstr ""
"Unix においては、Android とCygwin を除き、C拡張モジュールはlibpython にリン"
"クされなくなりました。静的リンクされたPython は、Python 共有ライブラリを用い"
"てビルドされたC拡張モジュールを読み込めます。(Victor Stinner の貢献による :"
"issue:`21536`.)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:230
msgid ""
"On Unix, when Python is built in debug mode, import now also looks for C "
"extensions compiled in release mode and for C extensions compiled with the "
"stable ABI. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36722`.)"
msgstr ""
"Unix において、Python がデバッグモードでビルドされている場合、インポートは、"
"リリースモードで、あるいは安定ABI を用いて、ビルドされたC拡張モジュールを探す"
"ようになりました。(Victor Stinner の貢献による :issue:`36722`.)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:235
msgid ""
"To embed Python into an application, a new ``--embed`` option must be passed "
"to ``python3-config --libs --embed`` to get ``-lpython3.8`` (link the "
"application to libpython). To support both 3.8 and older, try ``python3-"
"config --libs --embed`` first and fallback to ``python3-config --libs`` "
"(without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails."
msgstr ""
"Python をアプリケーション内に組み込むためには、新しい ``--embed`` オプション"
"を有効にして ``python3-config --libs --embed`` とすると、 ``-lpython3.8`` を"
"有効にできます。(アプリケーションがlibpython にリンクされます) Python3.8 以前"
"との互換性を保つためには、 ``python3-config --libs --embed`` をまず試みてか"
"ら、失敗した場合 ``python3-config --libs`` (``--embed`` なし) にフォールバッ"
"クしてください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:241
msgid ""
"Add a pkg-config ``python-3.8-embed`` module to embed Python into an "
"application: ``pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs`` includes ``-"
"lpython3.8``. To support both 3.8 and older, try ``pkg-config python-X.Y-"
"embed --libs`` first and fallback to ``pkg-config python-X.Y --libs`` "
"(without ``--embed``) if the previous command fails (replace ``X.Y`` with "
"the Python version)."
msgstr ""
"Python をアプリケーションに組み込むために、``python-3.8-embed`` pkg-config モ"
"ジュールが追加されました: ``pkg-config python-3.8-embed --libs`` の出力は、"
"``-lpython3.8`` を含みます。 Python3.8 以前との互換性を保つためには、``pkg-"
"config python-X.Y-embed --libs`` をまず試みてから、失敗した場合 ``pkg-config "
"python-X.Y --libs`` (``--embed`` なし) にフォールバックしてください。(``X."
"Y`` を使用するPython のバージョンに置き換えてください)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:247
msgid ""
"On the other hand, ``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` no longer contains ``-"
"lpython3.8``. C extensions must not be linked to libpython (except on "
"Android and Cygwin, whose cases are handled by the script); this change is "
"backward incompatible on purpose. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:"
"`36721`.)"
msgstr ""
"一方で、``pkg-config python3.8 --libs`` は出力に ``-lpython3.8`` を含まなくな"
"りました。C拡張モジュールは、libpython にリンクされるべきではありません。 (ス"
"クリプトによって処理される、Android とCygwin を除く) この変更では、意図的に後"
"方互換性をなくしています。(Victor Stinner の貢献による :issue:`36721`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:256
msgid "f-strings support ``=`` for self-documenting expressions and debugging"
msgstr "*f-string* での ``=`` を用いたオブジェクトの表現"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:258
msgid ""
"Added an ``=`` specifier to :term:`f-string`\\s. An f-string such as "
"``f'{expr=}'`` will expand to the text of the expression, an equal sign, "
"then the representation of the evaluated expression. For example:"
msgstr ""
"フォーマット済み文字列リテラル(:term:`f-string`) において ``=`` 指定子が有効"
"になりました。``f'{expr=}'`` のようなf-string は、f-string に書かれた式、イ"
"コール記号、式を評価されたものの文字列表現、の順で表示されます。例えば:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:267
msgid ""
"The usual :ref:`f-string format specifiers <f-strings>` allow more control "
"over how the result of the expression is displayed::"
msgstr ""
"通常の :ref:`f-string 書式指定子 <f-strings>` を用いると、より柔軟に式の結果"
"の表示方法を変えられます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:270
msgid ""
">>> delta = date.today() - member_since\n"
">>> f'{user=!s} {delta.days=:,d}'\n"
"'user=eric_idle delta.days=16,075'"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:274
msgid ""
"The ``=`` specifier will display the whole expression so that calculations "
"can be shown::"
msgstr "``=`` 指定子は式すべてを表示するので、次のような計算も表示できます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:277
msgid ""
">>> print(f'{theta=} {cos(radians(theta))=:.3f}')\n"
"theta=30 cos(radians(theta))=0.866"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:280
msgid "(Contributed by Eric V. Smith and Larry Hastings in :issue:`36817`.)"
msgstr "(Eric V. Smith, Larry Hastings の貢献による :issue:`36817`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:284
msgid "PEP 578: Python Runtime Audit Hooks"
msgstr "PEP 578: Pythonランタイムの監査フック"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:286
msgid ""
"The PEP adds an Audit Hook and Verified Open Hook. Both are available from "
"Python and native code, allowing applications and frameworks written in pure "
"Python code to take advantage of extra notifications, while also allowing "
"embedders or system administrators to deploy builds of Python where auditing "
"is always enabled."
msgstr ""
"このPEP は、監査用フックと信頼された Open のためのフックを追加します。これら"
"は Python およびネイティブコードから利用できます。純粋に Python で書かれたフ"
"レームワークやアプリケーションはコードに関する追加情報を得ることができ、シス"
"テム管理者や埋め込みでの利用者は Python のビルドを常に監査が有効な状態で利用"
"できます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:292
msgid "See :pep:`578` for full details."
msgstr "詳細は :pep:`578` を参照してください。 "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:296
msgid "PEP 587: Python Initialization Configuration"
msgstr "PEP 587: Python 初期化設定"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:298
msgid ""
"The :pep:`587` adds a new C API to configure the Python Initialization "
"providing finer control on the whole configuration and better error "
"reporting."
msgstr ""
":pep:`587` による C API の改善により、Python 初期化時に、すべての初期化設定"
"に対するより良い制御と改善されたエラー報告が得られます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:301
msgid "New structures:"
msgstr "新たな構造体:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:303
msgid ":c:type:`PyConfig`"
msgstr ":c:type:`PyConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:304
msgid ":c:type:`PyPreConfig`"
msgstr ":c:type:`PyPreConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:305
msgid ":c:type:`PyStatus`"
msgstr ":c:type:`PyStatus`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:306
msgid ":c:type:`PyWideStringList`"
msgstr ":c:type:`PyWideStringList`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:308
msgid "New functions:"
msgstr "新たな関数:"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:310
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Clear`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_Clear`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:311
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:312
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:313
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_Read`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:314
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetArgv`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:315
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesArgv`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:316
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetBytesString`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:317
msgid ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetString`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyConfig_SetString`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:318
msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:319
msgid ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:320
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Error`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Error`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:321
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exception`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:322
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exit`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Exit`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:323
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsError`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsError`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:324
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsExit`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_IsExit`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:325
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_NoMemory`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_NoMemory`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:326
msgid ":c:func:`PyStatus_Ok`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyStatus_Ok`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:327
msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Append`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Append`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:328
msgid ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Insert`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyWideStringList_Insert`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:329
msgid ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_BytesMain`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:330
msgid ":c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_ExitStatusException`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:331
msgid ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:332
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitialize`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:333
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromArgs`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:334
msgid ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:335
msgid ":c:func:`Py_RunMain`"
msgstr ":c:func:`Py_RunMain`"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:337
msgid ""
"This PEP also adds ``_PyRuntimeState.preconfig`` (:c:type:`PyPreConfig` "
"type) and ``PyInterpreterState.config`` (:c:type:`PyConfig` type) fields to "
"these internal structures. ``PyInterpreterState.config`` becomes the new "
"reference configuration, replacing global configuration variables and other "
"private variables."
msgstr ""
"このPEP は、``_PyRuntimeState.preconfig`` (:c:type:`PyPreConfig` 型) と "
"``PyInterpreterState.config`` (:c:type:`PyConfig` 型) を内部構造体に加えま"
"す。``PyInterpreterState.config`` は新たな参照設定となり、グローバル設定や他"
"の内部変数を置き換えます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:343
msgid ""
"See :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>` for the "
"documentation."
msgstr ":ref:`Python 初期化設定 <init-config>` も参照してください。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:346
msgid "See :pep:`587` for a full description."
msgstr "詳細は :pep:`587` を参照してください。 "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:348
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`36763`.)"
msgstr "(Victor Stinner の貢献による :issue:`36763`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:352
msgid "PEP 590: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:354
msgid ""
":ref:`vectorcall` is added to the Python/C API. It is meant to formalize "
"existing optimizations which were already done for various classes. Any :ref:"
"`static type <static-types>` implementing a callable can use this protocol."
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:360
msgid ""
"This is currently provisional. The aim is to make it fully public in Python "
"3.9."
msgstr ""
"これは現在、暫定版です。Python3.9 から公開で使われることを目ざしています。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:363
msgid "See :pep:`590` for a full description."
msgstr "詳細は :pep:`590` を参照してください。 "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:365
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Jeroen Demeyer, Mark Shannon and Petr Viktorin in :issue:"
"`36974`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:369
msgid "Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data buffers"
msgstr "Pickle プロトコルバージョン 5 による帯域外データバッファ"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:371
msgid ""
"When :mod:`pickle` is used to transfer large data between Python processes "
"in order to take advantage of multi-core or multi-machine processing, it is "
"important to optimize the transfer by reducing memory copies, and possibly "
"by applying custom techniques such as data-dependent compression."
msgstr ""
":mod:`pickle` モジュールが Python のプロセス間での大容量データ転送でマルチコ"
"アないしマルチマシンでの利点を得るためには、メモリコピーの削減のほか、データ"
"種別に応じた圧縮などの個別に合わせた最適化が重要です。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:376
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pickle` protocol 5 introduces support for out-of-band buffers "
"where :pep:`3118`-compatible data can be transmitted separately from the "
"main pickle stream, at the discretion of the communication layer."
msgstr ""
":mod:`pickle` プロトコルバージョン5 は、:pep:`3118` 互換であるようなデータ"
"が、メインのpickle ストリームとは別の独立した通信レイヤで転送されるような、帯"
"域外バッファを提供します。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:380
msgid "See :pep:`574` for a full description."
msgstr "詳細は :pep:`574` を参照してください。 "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:382
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`36785`.)"
msgstr "(Antoine Pitrou の貢献による :issue:`36785`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:386
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr "その他の言語変更"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:388
msgid ""
"A :keyword:`continue` statement was illegal in the :keyword:`finally` clause "
"due to a problem with the implementation. In Python 3.8 this restriction "
"was lifted. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32489`.)"
msgstr ""
"実装上の問題により、:keyword:`finally` 節での :keyword:`continue` 文は不正で"
"した。Python3.8 では、この制限は取り除かれています。\n"
"(Serhiy Storchaka の貢献による :issue:`32489`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:393
msgid ""
"The :class:`bool`, :class:`int`, and :class:`fractions.Fraction` types now "
"have an :meth:`~int.as_integer_ratio` method like that found in :class:"
"`float` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`. This minor API extension makes it "
"possible to write ``numerator, denominator = x.as_integer_ratio()`` and have "
"it work across multiple numeric types. (Contributed by Lisa Roach in :issue:"
"`33073` and Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`37819`.)"
msgstr ""
":class:`bool`, :class:`int`, :class:`fractions.Fraction` タイプは、:class:"
"`float` や :class:`decimal.Decimal` と同様の :meth:`~int.as_integer_ratio` メ"
"ソッドを持つようになりました。このAPI の拡張によって、``numerator, "
"denominator = x.as_integer_ratio()`` のようなコードがより多くの数値型で動作し"
"ます。\n"
"(Lisa Roach の貢献による :issue:`33073` および Raymond Hettinger の貢献によ"
"る :issue:`37819`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:401
msgid ""
"Constructors of :class:`int`, :class:`float` and :class:`complex` will now "
"use the :meth:`~object.__index__` special method, if available and the "
"corresponding method :meth:`~object.__int__`, :meth:`~object.__float__` or :"
"meth:`~object.__complex__` is not available. (Contributed by Serhiy "
"Storchaka in :issue:`20092`.)"
msgstr ""
":class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex` のコンストラクタは、可能なら"
"ば :meth:`~object.__index__` 特殊メソッドを利用し、その場合は対応する :meth:"
"`~object.__int__`, :meth:`~object.__float__` や :meth:`~object.__complex__` "
"は使用できません。(Serhiy Storchaka の貢献による :issue:`20092`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:407
msgid ""
"Added support of :samp:`\\\\N\\\\{{name}\\\\}` escapes in :mod:`regular "
"expressions <re>`::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:409
msgid ""
">>> notice = 'Copyright © 2019'\n"
">>> copyright_year_pattern = re.compile(r'\\N{copyright sign}\\s*(\\d{4})')\n"
">>> int(copyright_year_pattern.search(notice).group(1))\n"
"2019"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:414
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Jonathan Eunice and Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`30688`.)"
msgstr "(Jonathan Eunice, Serhiy Storchaka の貢献による :issue:`30688`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:416
msgid ""
"Dict and dictviews are now iterable in reversed insertion order using :func:"
"`reversed`. (Contributed by Rémi Lapeyre in :issue:`33462`.)"
msgstr ""
"dict と dictview は、:func:`reversed` を使って逆順でイテレートすることが可能"
"になりました。(Rémi Lapeyre の貢献による :issue:`33462`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:419
msgid ""
"The syntax allowed for keyword names in function calls was further "
"restricted. In particular, ``f((keyword)=arg)`` is no longer allowed. It was "
"never intended to permit more than a bare name on the left-hand side of a "
"keyword argument assignment term. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson in :"
"issue:`34641`.)"
msgstr ""
"関数内でのキーワード名に関する構文の制限が強化されました。具体的には、"
"``f((keyword)=arg)`` の表現が許容されなくなりました。キーワード引数への代入の"
"際、左側にキーワードそのまま以外の表現を許可する意図は、以前からありませんで"
"した。\n"
"(Benjamin Peterson の貢献による :issue:`34641`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:425
msgid ""
"Generalized iterable unpacking in :keyword:`yield` and :keyword:`return` "
"statements no longer requires enclosing parentheses. This brings the *yield* "
"and *return* syntax into better agreement with normal assignment syntax::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`yield` 文と :keyword:`return` 文における一般化されたイテラブルへの"
"展開のために、全体を覆うかっこが不要になりました。これは *yield* と *return* "
"の表現を、一般の展開と同様のわかりやすい形式にします::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:430
msgid ""
">>> def parse(family):\n"
" lastname, *members = family.split()\n"
" return lastname.upper(), *members\n"
"\n"
">>> parse('simpsons homer marge bart lisa maggie')\n"
"('SIMPSONS', 'homer', 'marge', 'bart', 'lisa', 'maggie')"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:437
msgid "(Contributed by David Cuthbert and Jordan Chapman in :issue:`32117`.)"
msgstr "(David Cuthbert, Jordan Chapman の貢献による :issue:`32117`) "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:439
msgid ""
"When a comma is missed in code such as ``[(10, 20) (30, 40)]``, the compiler "
"displays a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` with a helpful suggestion. This improves on "
"just having a :exc:`TypeError` indicating that the first tuple was not "
"callable. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`15248`.)"
msgstr ""
"``[(10, 20) (30, 40)]`` のようなコードでコンマが無い場合、コンパイラは :exc:"
"`SyntaxWarning` を、分かりやすい形式で表示します。これで、最初のタプルが呼び"
"出し可能ではないことを :exc:`TypeError` で表示するよりもわかりやすくなりま"
"す。(Serhiy Storchaka の貢献による :issue:`15248`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:445
msgid ""
"Arithmetic operations between subclasses of :class:`datetime.date` or :class:"
"`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.timedelta` objects now return an "
"instance of the subclass, rather than the base class. This also affects the "
"return type of operations whose implementation (directly or indirectly) "
"uses :class:`datetime.timedelta` arithmetic, such as :meth:`~datetime."
"datetime.astimezone`. (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :issue:`32417`.)"
msgstr ""
":class:`datetime.date`, :class:`datetime.datetime`, :class:`datetime."
"timedelta` オブジェクトのサブクラス間の算術演算は、基底クラスではなくサブクラ"
"スのインスタンスを返すようになりました。この変更は、:meth:`~datetime."
"datetime.astimezone` のような、:class:`datetime.timedelta` に対する算術演算を"
"直接ないし間接的に使用する実装の戻り値の型に影響します。(Paul Ganssle の貢献"
"による :issue:`32417`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:453
msgid ""
"When the Python interpreter is interrupted by Ctrl-C (SIGINT) and the "
"resulting :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception is not caught, the Python "
"process now exits via a SIGINT signal or with the correct exit code such "
"that the calling process can detect that it died due to a Ctrl-C. Shells on "
"POSIX and Windows use this to properly terminate scripts in interactive "
"sessions. (Contributed by Google via Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1054041`.)"
msgstr ""
"Python インタープリタがCtrl-C (SIGINT) によって中断され、:exc:"
"`KeyboardInterrupt` 例外の結果が捕捉されなかった場合、Python プロセスは"
"SIGINT シグナルか、呼び出したプロセスが、Ctrl-C によって終了したことを判別で"
"きるような適切な終了コードで終了するようになりました。 POSIX とWindows 上の"
"シェルは、非対話セッション内でスクリプトの終了処理を適切に行うために、これを"
"利用できます。(Gregory P. Smith を通してGoogle の貢献による :issue:`1054041`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:460
msgid ""
"Some advanced styles of programming require updating the :class:`types."
"CodeType` object for an existing function. Since code objects are "
"immutable, a new code object needs to be created, one that is modeled on the "
"existing code object. With 19 parameters, this was somewhat tedious. Now, "
"the new ``replace()`` method makes it possible to create a clone with a few "
"altered parameters."
msgstr ""
"先進的なプログラミングにおいて、既存の関数の :class:`types.CodeType` オブジェ"
"クトを更新する必要が生じます。code オブジェクトはイミュータブルなので、既存の"
"オブジェクトがあるにもかかわらず、新しい code オブジェクトを生成する必要があ"
"りました。パラメータが19もあるので、一から作成するのは非合理的です。新しい "
"``replace()`` メソッドを使えば、更新すべきパラメータを書くだけで、新しいク"
"ローンを作成することができます。"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:467
msgid ""
"Here's an example that alters the :func:`statistics.mean` function to "
"prevent the *data* parameter from being used as a keyword argument::"
msgstr ""
"ここでは、:func:`statistics.mean` 関数がキーワード引数として *data* を使えな"
"いように変更する例を見てみましょう::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:470
msgid ""
">>> from statistics import mean\n"
">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n"
"40\n"
">>> mean.__code__ = mean.__code__.replace(co_posonlyargcount=1)\n"
">>> mean(data=[10, 20, 90])\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"TypeError: mean() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword "
"arguments: 'data'"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:479
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`37032`.)"
msgstr "(Victor Stinner の貢献による :issue:`37032`) "
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:481
msgid ""
"For integers, the three-argument form of the :func:`pow` function now "
"permits the exponent to be negative in the case where the base is relatively "
"prime to the modulus. It then computes a modular inverse to the base when "
"the exponent is ``-1``, and a suitable power of that inverse for other "
"negative exponents. For example, to compute the `modular multiplicative "
"inverse <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_multiplicative_inverse>`_ of "
"38 modulo 137, write::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:490
msgid ""
">>> pow(38, -1, 137)\n"
"119\n"
">>> 119 * 38 % 137\n"
"1"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:495
msgid ""
"Modular inverses arise in the solution of `linear Diophantine equations "
"<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_equation>`_. For example, to find "
"integer solutions for ``4258𝑥 + 147𝑦 = 369``, first rewrite as ``4258𝑥 ≡ 369 "
"(mod 147)`` then solve:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:505
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`36027`.)"
msgstr "(Mark Dickinson の貢献による :issue:`36027`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:507
msgid ""
"Dict comprehensions have been synced-up with dict literals so that the key "
"is computed first and the value second::"
msgstr ""
"辞書内包表現は辞書リテラルと同期されたため、まずキーが解釈され、次に値が解釈"
"されます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:510
msgid ""
">>> # Dict comprehension\n"
">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ') for i in range(2)}\n"
"role? King Arthur\n"
"actor? Chapman\n"
"role? Black Knight\n"
"actor? Cleese\n"
"\n"
">>> # Dict literal\n"
">>> cast = {input('role? '): input('actor? ')}\n"
"role? Sir Robin\n"
"actor? Eric Idle"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:522
msgid ""
"The guaranteed execution order is helpful with assignment expressions "
"because variables assigned in the key expression will be available in the "
"value expression::"
msgstr ""
"この実行順の保証は代入式の役に立ち、キーの表現で代入されたものは、値の表現で"
"使用することができます::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:526
msgid ""
">>> names = ['Martin von Löwis', 'Łukasz Langa', 'Walter Dörwald']\n"
">>> {(n := normalize('NFC', name)).casefold() : n for name in names}\n"
"{'martin von löwis': 'Martin von Löwis',\n"
" 'łukasz langa': 'Łukasz Langa',\n"
" 'walter dörwald': 'Walter Dörwald'}"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:532
msgid "(Contributed by Jörn Heissler in :issue:`35224`.)"
msgstr "(Jörn Heissler の貢献による :issue:`35224`)"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:534
msgid ""
"The :meth:`object.__reduce__` method can now return a tuple from two to six "
"elements long. Formerly, five was the limit. The new, optional sixth "
"element is a callable with a ``(obj, state)`` signature. This allows the "
"direct control over the state-updating behavior of a specific object. If "
"not *None*, this callable will have priority over the object's :meth:"
"`~__setstate__` method. (Contributed by Pierre Glaser and Olivier Grisel in :"
"issue:`35900`.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:543
msgid "New Modules"
msgstr "新たなモジュール"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:545
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`importlib.metadata` module provides (provisional) support for "
"reading metadata from third-party packages. For example, it can extract an "
"installed package's version number, list of entry points, and more::"
msgstr ""
"新しい :mod:`importlib.metadata` モジュールは、サードパーティパッケージからの"
"メタデータ読み込みをサポートします。これは暫定版です。例えば、インストールさ"
"れたパッケージのバージョンを得たり、エントリーポイントの一覧を得たりできま"
"す::"
#: ../../whatsnew/3.8.rst:549
msgid ""
">>> # Note following example requires that the popular \"requests\"\n"