+
+The logo is a modern take on the old one, with a cleaner design. Thanks to Isabela Presedo-Floyd for designing the new logo, as well as to Travis Vaught for the old logo that served us well for 15+ years.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.19.0 release
+
+_Jun 20, 2020_ -- NumPy 1.19.0 is now available. This is the first release without Python 2 support, hence it was a "clean-up release". The minimum supported Python version is now Python 3.6. An important new feature is that the random number generation infrastructure that was introduced in NumPy 1.17.0 is now accessible from Cython.
+
+
+### Season of Docs acceptance
+
+_May 11, 2020_ -- NumPy has been accepted as one of the mentor organizations for the Google Season of Docs program. We are excited about the opportunity to work with a technical writer to improve NumPy's documentation once again! For more details, please see [the official Season of Docs site](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) and our [ideas page](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/wiki/Google-Season-of-Docs-2020-Project-Ideas).
+
+
+### NumPy 1.18.0 release
+
+_Dec 22, 2019_ -- NumPy 1.18.0 is now available. After the major changes in 1.17.0, this is a consolidation release. It is the last minor release that will support Python 3.5. Highlights of the release includes the addition of basic infrastructure for linking with 64-bit BLAS and LAPACK libraries, and a new C-API for `numpy.random`.
+
+Please see the [release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0) for more details.
+
+
+### NumPy receives a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
+
+_Nov 15, 2019_ -- We are pleased to announce that NumPy and OpenBLAS, one of NumPy's key dependencies, have received a joint grant for $195,000 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative through their [Essential Open Source Software for Science program](https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/) that supports software maintenance, growth, development, and community engagement for open source tools critical to science.
+
+This grant will be used to ramp up the efforts in improving NumPy documentation, website redesign, and community development to better serve our large and rapidly growing user base, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. While the OpenBLAS team will focus on addressing sets of key technical issues, in particular thread-safety, AVX-512, and thread-local storage (TLS) issues, as well as algorithmic improvements in ReLAPACK (Recursive LAPACK) on which OpenBLAS depends.
+
+More details on our proposed initiatives and deliverables can be found in the [full grant proposal](https://figshare.com/articles/Proposal_NumPy_OpenBLAS_for_Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative_EOSS_2019_round_1/10302167). The work is scheduled to start on Dec 1st, 2019 and continue for the next 12 months.
+
+
+## الإصدارات
+
+Here is a list of NumPy releases, with links to release notes. Bugfix releases (only the `z` changes in the `x.y.z` version number) have no new features; minor releases (the `y` increases) do.
+
+- NumPy 1.22.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.22.0)) -- _31 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.5)) -- _19 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.0)) -- _22 Jun 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.3 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.3)) -- _10 May 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.0)) -- _30 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.5)) -- _5 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.0)) -- _20 Jun 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.4 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.4)) -- _3 May 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.17.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.5)) -- _1 Jan 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)) -- _22 Dec 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.17.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.0)) -- _26 Jul 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.16.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.16.0)) -- _14 Jan 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.15.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.15.0)) -- _23 Jul 2018_.
+- NumPy 1.14.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.14.0)) -- _7 Jan 2018_.
diff --git a/content/ar/press-kit.md b/content/ar/press-kit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f923ebe884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/press-kit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: الملف الصحفى
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+نرحب بتسهيل إدراج مشروع نمباى عليك سواء فى بحثك الأكاديمى أو كمادة دراسية أو كعرض.
+
+سوف تجد عدة إصدارات عالية الدقة من شعار الأرقام [هنا](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/tree/main/branding/logo). وعليك أن تلاحظ أنه باستخدام موارد numpy.org فأنت توافق على[ قواعد السلوك لنمباى](/code-of-conduct).
diff --git a/content/ar/privacy.md b/content/ar/privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93c6c713df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: سياسة الخصوصية
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**numpy.org** يتم تشغيلة بواسطة [NumFOCUS, Inc.](https://numfocus.org), الراعى المالى لمشروع نمباى. للوصول إلى سياسة الخصوصية لهذا الموقع برجاء زيارة https://numfocus.org/privacy-policy.
+
+إذا كان لديك أسئلة بخصوص سياسة أو جمع بيانات NumFOCUS واستخدامها بالإضافة إلى ممارسات الإفصاح، يرجى الاتصال بموظفى NumFOCUS على موقع privacy@numfocus.org.
diff --git a/content/ar/report-handling-manual.md b/content/ar/report-handling-manual.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c94be4486f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/report-handling-manual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: قواعد السلوك لنمباي - كيفية متابعة تقرير
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+This is the manual followed by NumPy’s Code of Conduct Committee. It’s used when we respond to an issue to make sure we’re consistent and fair.
+
+Enforcing the [Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct) impacts our community today and for the future. It’s an action that we do not take lightly. When reviewing enforcement measures, the Code of Conduct Committee will keep the following values and guidelines in mind:
+
+* Act in a personal manner rather than impersonal. The Committee can engage the parties to understand the situation while respecting the privacy and any necessary confidentiality of reporters. However, sometimes it is necessary to communicate with one or more individuals directly: the Committee’s goal is to improve the health of our community rather than only produce a formal decision.
+* Emphasize empathy for individuals rather than judging behavior, avoiding binary labels of “good” and “bad/evil”. Overt, clear-cut aggression and harassment exist, and we will address them firmly. But many scenarios that can prove challenging to resolve are those where normal disagreements devolve into unhelpful or harmful behavior from multiple parties. Understanding the full context and finding a path that re-engages all is hard, but ultimately the most productive for our community.
+* We understand that email is a difficult medium and can be isolating. Receiving criticism over email, without personal contact, can be particularly painful. This makes it especially important to keep an atmosphere of open-minded respect for the views of others. It also means that we must be transparent in our actions, and that we will do everything in our power to make sure that all our members are treated fairly and with sympathy.
+* Discrimination can be subtle and it can be unconscious. It can show itself as unfairness and hostility in otherwise ordinary interactions. We know that this does occur, and we will take care to look out for it. We would very much like to hear from you if you feel you have been treated unfairly, and we will use these procedures to make sure that your complaint is heard and addressed.
+* Help increase engagement in good discussion practice: try to identify where discussion may have broken down, and provide actionable information, pointers, and resources that can lead to positive change on these points.
+* Be mindful of the needs of new members: provide them with explicit support and consideration, with the aim of increasing participation from underrepresented groups in particular.
+* Individuals come from different cultural backgrounds and native languages. Try to identify any honest misunderstandings caused by a non-native speaker and help them understand the issue and what they can change to avoid causing offence. Complex discussion in a foreign language can be very intimidating, and we want to grow our diversity also across nationalities and cultures.
+
+
+## Mediation
+
+Voluntary informal mediation is a tool at our disposal. In contexts such as when two or more parties have all escalated to the point of inappropriate behavior (something sadly common in human conflict), it may be useful to facilitate a mediation process. This is only an example: the Committee can consider mediation in any case, mindful that the process is meant to be strictly voluntary and no party can be pressured to participate. If the Committee suggests mediation, it should:
+
+* Find a candidate who can serve as a mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reporter(s). The reporter(s) have complete freedom to decline the mediation idea or to propose an alternate mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reported person(s).
+* Settle on the mediator: while parties can propose a different mediator than the suggested candidate, only if a common agreement is reached on all terms can the process move forward.
+* Establish a timeline for mediation to complete, ideally within two weeks.
+
+The mediator will engage with all the parties and seek a resolution that is satisfactory to all. Upon completion, the mediator will provide a report (vetted by all parties to the process) to the Committee, with recommendations on further steps. The Committee will then evaluate these results (whether a satisfactory resolution was achieved or not) and decide on any additional action deemed necessary.
+
+
+## How the Committee will respond to reports
+
+When the Committee (or a Committee member) receives a report, they will first determine whether the report is about a clear and severe breach (as defined below). If so, immediate action needs to be taken in addition to the regular report handling process.
+
+
+## Clear and severe breach actions
+
+We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse. We will deal quickly with clear and severe breaches like personal threats, violent, sexist or racist language.
+
+When a member of the Code of Conduct Committee becomes aware of a clear and severe breach, they will do the following:
+
+* Immediately disconnect the originator from all NumPy communication channels.
+* Reply to the reporter that their report has been received and that the originator has been disconnected.
+* In every case, the moderator should make a reasonable effort to contact the originator, and tell them specifically how their language or actions qualify as a “clear and severe breach”. The moderator should also say that, if the originator believes this is unfair or they want to be reconnected to NumPy, they have the right to ask for a review, as below, by the Code of Conduct Committee. The moderator should copy this explanation to the Code of Conduct Committee.
+* The Code of Conduct Committee will formally review and sign off on all cases where this mechanism has been applied to make sure it is not being used to control ordinary heated disagreement.
+
+
+## Report handling
+
+When a report is sent to the Committee they will immediately reply to the reporter to confirm receipt. This reply must be sent within 72 hours, and the group should strive to respond much quicker than that.
+
+If a report doesn’t contain enough information, the Committee will obtain all relevant data before acting. The Committee is empowered to act on the Steering Council’s behalf in contacting any individuals involved to get a more complete account of events.
+
+The Committee will then review the incident and determine, to the best of their ability:
+
+* What happened.
+* Whether this event constitutes a Code of Conduct violation.
+* Who are the responsible party(ies).
+* Whether this is an ongoing situation, and there is a threat to anyone’s physical safety.
+
+This information will be collected in writing, and whenever possible the group’s deliberations will be recorded and retained (i.e. chat transcripts, email discussions, recorded conference calls, summaries of voice conversations, etc).
+
+It is important to retain an archive of all activities of this Committee to ensure consistency in behavior and provide institutional memory for the project. To assist in this, the default channel of discussion for this Committee will be a private mailing list accessible to current and future members of the Committee as well as members of the Steering Council upon justified request. If the Committee finds the need to use off-list communications (e.g. phone calls for early/rapid response), it should in all cases summarize these back to the list so there’s a good record of the process.
+
+The Code of Conduct Committee should aim to have a resolution agreed upon within two weeks. In the event that a resolution can’t be determined in that time, the Committee will respond to the reporter(s) with an update and projected timeline for resolution.
+
+
+## Resolutions
+
+The Committee must agree on a resolution by consensus. If the group cannot reach consensus and deadlocks for over a week, the group will turn the matter over to the Steering Council for resolution.
+
+Possible responses may include:
+
+* Taking no further action:
+ - if we determine no violations have occurred;
+ - if the matter has been resolved publicly while the Committee was considering responses.
+* Coordinating voluntary mediation: if all involved parties agree, the Committee may facilitate a mediation process as detailed above.
+* Remind publicly, and point out that some behavior/actions/language have been judged inappropriate and why in the current context, or can but hurtful to some people, requesting the community to self-adjust.
+* A private reprimand from the Committee to the individual(s) involved. In this case, the group chair will deliver that reprimand to the individual(s) over email, cc’ing the group.
+* A public reprimand. In this case, the Committee chair will deliver that reprimand in the same venue that the violation occurred, within the limits of practicality. E.g., the original mailing list for an email violation, but for a chat room discussion where the person/context may be gone, they can be reached by other means. The group may choose to publish this message elsewhere for documentation purposes.
+* A request for a public or private apology, assuming the reporter agrees to this idea: they may at their discretion refuse further contact with the violator. The chair will deliver this request. The Committee may, if it chooses, attach “strings” to this request: for example, the group may ask a violator to apologize in order to retain one’s membership on a mailing list.
+* A “mutually agreed upon hiatus” where the Committee asks the individual to temporarily refrain from community participation. If the individual chooses not to take a temporary break voluntarily, the Committee may issue a “mandatory cooling off period”.
+* A permanent or temporary ban from some or all NumPy spaces (mailing lists, gitter.im, etc.). The group will maintain records of all such bans so that they may be reviewed in the future or otherwise maintained.
+
+Once a resolution is agreed upon, but before it is enacted, the Committee will contact the original reporter and any other affected parties and explain the proposed resolution. The Committee will ask if this resolution is acceptable, and must note feedback for the record.
+
+Finally, the Committee will make a report to the NumPy Steering Council (as well as the NumPy core team in the event of an ongoing resolution, such as a ban).
+
+The Committee will never publicly discuss the issue; all public statements will be made by the chair of the Code of Conduct Committee or the NumPy Steering Council.
+
+
+## Conflicts of Interest
+
+In the event of any conflict of interest, a Committee member must immediately notify the other members, and recuse themselves if necessary.
diff --git a/content/ar/tabcontents.yaml b/content/ar/tabcontents.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f5d82e888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/tabcontents.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+---
+machinelearning:
+ paras:
+ -
+ para1: NumPy forms the basis of powerful machine learning libraries like [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org) and [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org). As machine learning grows, so does the list of libraries built on NumPy. [TensorFlow’s](https://www.tensorflow.org) deep learning capabilities have broad applications — among them speech and image recognition, text-based applications, time-series analysis, and video detection. [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org), another deep learning library, is popular among researchers in computer vision and natural language processing. [MXNet](https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet) is another AI package, providing blueprints and templates for deep learning.
+ para2: Statistical techniques called [ensemble](https://towardsdatascience.com/ensemble-methods-bagging-boosting-and-stacking-c9214a10a205) methods such as binning, bagging, stacking, and boosting are among the ML algorithms implemented by tools such as [XGBoost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost), [LightGBM](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), and [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai) — one of the fastest inference engines. [Yellowbrick](https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/) and [Eli5](https://eli5.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) offer machine learning visualizations.
+arraylibraries:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: NumPy's API is the starting point when libraries are written to exploit innovative hardware, create specialized array types, or add capabilities beyond what NumPy provides.
+ headers:
+ -
+ text: Array Library
+ -
+ text: Capabilities & Application areas
+ libraries:
+ -
+ title: Dask
+ text: Distributed arrays and advanced parallelism for analytics, enabling performance at scale.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/dask.png
+ alttext: Dask
+ url: https://dask.org/
+ -
+ title: CuPy
+ text: NumPy-compatible array library for GPU-accelerated computing with Python.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/cupy.png
+ alttext: CuPy
+ url: https://cupy.chainer.org
+ -
+ title: JAX
+ text: "Composable transformations of NumPy programs: differentiate, vectorize, just-in-time compilation to GPU/TPU."
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/jax_logo_250px.png
+ alttext: JAX
+ url: https://github.com/google/jax
+ -
+ title: Xarray
+ text: Labeled, indexed multi-dimensional arrays for advanced analytics and visualization
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xarray.png
+ alttext: xarray
+ url: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/index.html
+ -
+ title: Sparse
+ text: NumPy-compatible sparse array library that integrates with Dask and SciPy's sparse linear algebra.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/sparse.png
+ alttext: sparse
+ url: https://sparse.pydata.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: PyTorch
+ text: Deep learning framework that accelerates the path from research prototyping to production deployment.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/pytorch-logo-dark.svg
+ alttext: PyTorch
+ url: https://pytorch.org/
+ -
+ title: TensorFlow
+ text: An end-to-end platform for machine learning to easily build and deploy ML powered applications.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorflow-logo.svg
+ alttext: TensorFlow
+ url: https://www.tensorflow.org
+ -
+ title: MXNet
+ text: Deep learning framework suited for flexible research prototyping and production.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/mxnet_logo.png
+ alttext: MXNet
+ url: https://mxnet.apache.org/
+ -
+ title: Arrow
+ text: A cross-language development platform for columnar in-memory data and analytics.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/arrow.png
+ alttext: arrow
+ url: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+ -
+ title: xtensor
+ text: Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing for numerical analysis.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xtensor.png
+ alttext: xtensor
+ url: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
+ -
+ title: XND
+ text: Develop libraries for array computing, recreating NumPy's foundational concepts.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xnd.png
+ alttext: xnd
+ url: https://xnd.io
+ -
+ title: uarray
+ text: Python backend system that decouples API from implementation; unumpy provides a NumPy API.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/uarray.png
+ alttext: uarray
+ url: https://uarray.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: tensorly
+ text: Tensor learning, algebra and backends to seamlessly use NumPy, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorFlow or CuPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorly.png
+ alttext: tensorly
+ url: http://tensorly.org/stable/home.html
+scientificdomains:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: Nearly every scientist working in Python draws on the power of NumPy.
+ -
+ text: "NumPy brings the computational power of languages like C and Fortran to Python, a language much easier to learn and use. With this power comes simplicity: a solution in NumPy is often clear and elegant."
+ librariesrow1:
+ -
+ title: Quantum Computing
+ alttext: A computer chip.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/quantum_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Statistical Computing
+ alttext: A line graph with the line moving up.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/statistical_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Signal Processing
+ alttext: A bar chart with positive and negative values.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/signal_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Image Processing
+ alttext: An photograph of the mountains.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/image_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Graphs and Networks
+ alttext: A simple graph.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/sd6.svg
+ -
+ title: Astronomy Processes
+ alttext: A telescope.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/astronomy_processes.svg
+ -
+ title: Cognitive Psychology
+ alttext: A human head with gears.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/cognitive_psychology.svg
+ librariesrow2:
+ -
+ title: Bioinformatics
+ alttext: A strand of DNA.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bioinformatics.svg
+ -
+ title: Bayesian Inference
+ alttext: A graph with a bell-shaped curve.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bayesian_inference.svg
+ -
+ title: Mathematical Analysis
+ alttext: Four mathematical symbols.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/mathematical_analysis.svg
+ -
+ title: Chemistry
+ alttext: A test tube.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/chemistry.svg
+ -
+ title: Geoscience
+ alttext: The Earth.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/geoscience.svg
+ -
+ title: Geographic Processing
+ alttext: A map.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/GIS.svg
+ -
+ title: Architecture & Engineering
+ alttext: A microprocessor development board.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/robotics.svg
+datascience:
+ intro: "NumPy lies at the core of a rich ecosystem of data science libraries. A typical exploratory data science workflow might look like:"
+ image1:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/ds-landscape.png
+ alttext: Diagram of Python Libraries. The five catagories are 'Extract, Transform, Load', 'Data Exploration', 'Data Modeling', 'Data Evaluation' and 'Data Presentation'.
+ image2:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/data-science.png
+ alttext: Diagram of three overlapping circles. The circles are labeled 'Mathematics', 'Computer Science' and 'Domain Expertise'. In the middle of the diagram, which has the three circles overlapping it, is an area labeled 'Data Science'.
+ examples:
+ -
+ text: "Extract, Transform, Load: [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Intake](https://intake.readthedocs.io), [PyJanitor](https://pyjanitor.readthedocs.io/)"
+ -
+ text: "Exploratory analysis: [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Model and evaluate: [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org), [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/index.html), [PyMC3](https://docs.pymc.io), [spaCy](https://spacy.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Report in a dashboard: [Dash](https://plotly.com/dash), [Panel](https://panel.holoviz.org), [Voila](https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila)"
+ content:
+ -
+ text: For high data volumes, [Dask](https://dask.org) and [Ray](https://ray.io/) are designed to scale. Stable deployments rely on data versioning ([DVC](https://dvc.org)), experiment tracking ([MLFlow](https://mlflow.org)), and workflow automation ([Airflow](https://airflow.apache.org) and [Prefect](https://www.prefect.io)).
+visualization:
+ images:
+ -
+ url: https://www.fusioncharts.com/blog/best-python-data-visualization-libraries
+ img: /images/content_images/v_matplotlib.png
+ alttext: A streamplot made in matplotlib
+ -
+ url: https://github.com/yhat/ggpy
+ img: /images/content_images/v_ggpy.png
+ alttext: A scatter-plot graph made in ggpy
+ -
+ url: https://www.journaldev.com/19692/python-plotly-tutorial
+ img: /images/content_images/v_plotly.png
+ alttext: A box-plot made in plotly
+ -
+ url: https://altair-viz.github.io/gallery/streamgraph.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_altair.png
+ alttext: A streamgraph made in altair
+ -
+ url: https://seaborn.pydata.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_seaborn.png
+ alttext: A pairplot of two types of graph, a plot-graph and a frequency graph made in seaborn"
+ -
+ url: https://docs.pyvista.org/examples/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_pyvista.png
+ alttext: A 3D volume rendering made in PyVista.
+ -
+ url: https://napari.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_napari.png
+ alttext: A multi-dimensionan image made in napari.
+ -
+ url: https://vispy.org/gallery/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_vispy.png
+ alttext: A Voronoi diagram made in vispy.
+ content:
+ -
+ text: NumPy is an essential component in the burgeoning [Python visualization landscape](https://pyviz.org/overviews/index.html), which includes [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Plotly](https://plot.ly), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io), [Bokeh](https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/), [Holoviz](https://holoviz.org), [Vispy](http://vispy.org), [Napari](https://github.com/napari/napari), and [PyVista](https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista), to name a few.
+ -
+ text: NumPy's accelerated processing of large arrays allows researchers to visualize datasets far larger than native Python could handle.
diff --git a/content/ar/teams.md b/content/ar/teams.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24455d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/teams.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Teams
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We are an international team on a mission to support scientific and research communities worldwide by building quality, open-source software. [Join us]({{< relref "/contribute" >}})!
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/maintainers.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/web-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/triage-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/survey-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/emeritus-maintainers.html" >}}
+
+# Governance
+
+For the list of people on the Steering Council, please see [here](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/people.html).
diff --git a/content/ar/terms.md b/content/ar/terms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a66045505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/terms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+---
+title: Terms of Use
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*Last updated January 4, 2020*
+
+
+## AGREEMENT TO TERMS
+
+These Terms of Use constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and NumPy ("**Project**", “**we**”, “**us**”, or “**our**”), concerning your access to and use of the numpy.org website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agreed to be bound by all of these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ALL OF THESE TERMS OF USE, THEN YOU ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED FROM USING THE SITE AND YOU MUST DISCONTINUE USE IMMEDIATELY.
+
+
+
+Supplemental terms and conditions or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Use at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Use, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Use to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Use by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Use are posted.
+
+
+
+The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
+
+
+## USER REPRESENTATIONS
+
+By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: (1) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Use; (2) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; and (3) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation.
+
+
+If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof).
+
+
+## PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
+
+You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available.
+
+As a user of the Site, you agree not to:
+
+1. Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
+
+2. Make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
+
+3. Use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services.
+
+4. Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site.
+
+5. Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site.
+
+6. Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
+
+7. Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
+
+8. Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
+
+9. Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site.
+
+10. Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
+
+11. Use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
+
+12. Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site.
+
+13. Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
+
+14. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
+
+15. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site.
+
+16. Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you.
+
+17. Attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site.
+
+
+## SUBMISSIONS
+
+You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site ("Submissions") provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
+
+## THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT
+
+The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites ("Third-Party Websites") as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties ("Third-Party Content"). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Use no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites.
+
+
+## SITE MANAGEMENT
+
+We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Use; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Use, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; and (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site.
+
+
+## PRIVACY POLICY
+
+We care about data privacy and security. Please review our [Privacy Policy](/privacy). By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.
+
+## TERM AND TERMINATION
+
+These Terms of Use shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF USE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION.
+
+
+## MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
+
+We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site.
+
+We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Use will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith.
+
+
+## GOVERNING LAW
+
+These Terms of Use and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State of Texas, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
+
+
+## DISPUTE RESOLUTION
+
+### Informal Negotiations
+
+To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Use (each a "Dispute" and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least thirty (30) days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party.
+
+
+### Binding Arbitration
+
+If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes ("AAA Consumer Rules"), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses. The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in Travis County, Texas. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator.
+
+If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in Travis County, Texas, and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non conveniens with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Use.
+
+In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than one (1) years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+### Restrictions
+
+The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons.
+
+
+### Exceptions to Informal Negotiations and Arbitration
+
+The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning informal negotiations and binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+## CORRECTIONS
+
+There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice.
+
+
+## DISCLAIMER
+
+THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
+
+
+## LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
+
+IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
+
+
+## INDEMNIFICATION
+
+You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) use of the Site; (2) breach of these Terms of Use; (3) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Use; (4) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (5) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it.
+
+
+## USER DATA
+
+We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Site for the purpose of managing the performance of the Site, as well as data relating to your use of the Site. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Site. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
+
+
+## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
+
+Visiting the Site, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Site, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE SITE. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
+
+
+## CALIFORNIA USERS AND RESIDENTS
+
+If any complaint with us is not satisfactorily resolved, you can contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs in writing at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834 or by telephone at (800) 952-5210 or (916) 445-1254.
+
+
+## MISCELLANEOUS
+
+These Terms of Use and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site or in respect to the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Use operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Use is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Use and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Use or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Use will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Use and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Use.
+
+## CONTACT US
+
+In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Site or to receive further information regarding use of the Site, please contact us at:
+
+NumFOCUS, Inc. P.O. Box 90596 Austin, TX, USA 78709 info@numfocus.org +1 (512) 222-5449
+
+
+
diff --git a/content/ar/user-survey-2020.md b/content/ar/user-survey-2020.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..495e405096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/user-survey-2020.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: استطلاع مجتمع نمباي لعام 2020
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+في عام 2020، شارك فريق استطلاع نمباي بإجراء أول دراسة استقصائية رسمية للمجتمع مع الطلاب وأعضاء هيئة التدريس الملتحقين ببرنامج ماجستير في منهجية الاستطلاع الذي تستضيفه جامعتي ميتشيجان وميريلاند. شارك أكثر من 1200 مستخدم من 75 دولة لمساعدتنا في تصميم مخطط لمجتمع نمباي كما عبروا عن أفكارهم حول مستقبل المشروع.
+
+{{< figure src="/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report_cover.png" class="fig-left" alt="Cover page of the 2020 NumPy user survey report, titled 'NumPy Community Survey 2020 - results'" width="250">}}
+
+**[قم بتحميل هذا التقرير ](/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report.pdf)** لإلقاء نظرة أدق على نتائج الاستطلاع.
+
+
+للنقاط الأكثر أهمية، تحقق من **[هذة التصاميم التي تتضمن معلومات](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/blob/master/images/2020NumPysurveyresults_community_infographic.pdf)**.
+
+أمستعد لأكثر من ذلك؟ قم بزيارة **https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020-details/**.
+
diff --git a/content/ar/user-surveys.md b/content/ar/user-surveys.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89a2aa0460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ar/user-surveys.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: NUMPY USER SURVEYS
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**2020** The NumPy survey team in partnership with students and faculty from the University of Michigan and the University of Maryland conducted the first official NumPy community survey. Find the survey results [here](https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020/).
+
+**2021** The collected data is currently being analyzed.
+
+If you have any questions or suggestions for the past or future surveys, please open an issue [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/issues).
diff --git a/content/es/404.md b/content/es/404.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b38d73b758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/404.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 404
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+¡Oh, oh! Has llegado a un callejón sin salida.
+
+Si crees que algo debería estar aquí, puedes [reportar este problema](https://github.com/numpy/numpy.org/issues) en GitHub.
diff --git a/content/es/about.md b/content/es/about.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34880353ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/about.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: Quiénes somos
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+_Información sobre el proyecto y la comunidad NumPy_
+
+NumPy es un proyecto de código abierto cuyo objetivo es facilitar la computación numérica con Python. Se creó en el 2005, a partir de los primeros trabajos de las bibliotecas Numeric y Numarray. NumPy will always be 100% open source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the [modified BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+NumPy se desarrolla de forma abierta en GitHub, mediante el consenso de la comunidad de NumPy y de la comunidad científica de Python en general. Para más información sobre nuestro enfoque de gobernanza, consulta nuestro [Documento de Gobernanza](https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/index.html).
+
+
+## Consejo Directivo
+
+El papel del Consejo Directivo de NumPy es garantizar, a través del trabajo con la comunidad NumPy en general y al servicio de la misma, el bienestar a largo plazo del proyecto, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como de la comunidad. El Consejo Directivo de NumPy está formado actualmente por los siguientes miembros (en orden alfabético):
+
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Charles Harris
+- Stephan Hoyer
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Inessa Pawson
+- Matti Picus
+- Stéfan van der Walt
+- Eric Wieser
+
+Eméritos:
+
+- Travis Oliphant (fundador del proyecto, 2005-2012)
+- Alex Griffing (2015-2017)
+- Marten van Kerkwijk (2017-2019)
+- Allan Haldane (2015-2021)
+- Nathaniel Smith (2012-2021)
+- Julian Taylor (2013-2021)
+- Pauli Virtanen (2008-2021)
+- Jaime Fernández del Río (2014-2021)
+
+
+## Equipos
+
+The NumPy project is growing! 🎉 We have teams for:
+
+- código
+- documentación
+- sitio web
+- triaje
+- survey
+- funding and grants
+
+See the [}}">Team]({{< relref) page for individual team members.
+
+## Subcomité NumFOCUS
+
+- Charles Harris
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Miembro externo: Thomas Caswell
+
+## Patrocinadores
+
+NumPy recibe financiación directa de las siguientes fuentes:
+{{< sponsors >}}
+
+
+## Socios institucionales
+
+Los socios institucionales son organizaciones que apoyan el proyecto empleando a personas que contribuyen a NumPy como parte de su trabajo. Entre los actuales socios institucionales se encuentran:
+
+- UC Berkeley (Stéfan van der Walt, Sebastian Berg, Ross Barnowski)
+- Quansight (Ralf Gommers, Melissa Weber Mendonça, Mars Lee, Matti Picus, Pearu Peterson)
+
+{{< partners >}}
+
+
+## Donar
+
+Si has encontrado NumPy útil en tu trabajo, investigación o empresa, por favor considera una donación al proyecto proporcional a tus recursos. ¡Cualquier cantidad ayuda! Todas las donaciones se utilizarán estrictamente para financiar el desarrollo del software de código abierto, la documentación y la comunidad de NumPy.
+
+NumPy es un proyecto patrocinado por NumFOCUS, una organización benéfica sin fines de lucro 501(c)(3) de Estados Unidos. NumFOCUS proporciona a NumPy apoyo fiscal, legal y administrativo para ayudar a garantizar el bienestar y la sostenibilidad del proyecto. Visita [numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org) para más información.
+
+Las donaciones a NumPy son gestionadas por [NumFOCUS](https://numfocus.org). Para los donantes de Estados Unidos, su donación es deducible de impuestos en la medida prevista por la ley. Al igual que con cualquier donación, debes consultar a tu asesor de impuestos sobre tu situación fiscal particular.
+
+El Consejo Directivo de NumPy tomará las decisiones sobre el mejor uso de los fondos recibidos. Las prioridades técnicas y de infraestructura están documentadas en la [Hoja de ruta de NumPy](https://www.numpy.org/neps/index.html#roadmap).
+{{< numfocus >}}
diff --git a/content/es/arraycomputing.md b/content/es/arraycomputing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11877b3847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/arraycomputing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: Cómputo vectorial
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*El cómputo vectorial es la base del cómputo estadístico, matemático y científico en varias aplicaciones contemporáneas de ciencia de datos y análisis, como la visualización de datos, el procesamiento digital de señales, el procesamiento de imágenes, la bioinformática el aprendizaje automático, la IA y muchas otras.*
+
+La manipulación y transformación de datos a gran escala depende de una computación vectorial eficiente y de alto rendimiento. El lenguaje de elección para el análisis de datos, el aprendizaje automático y el cómputo numérico productivo es **Python.**
+
+**Num**erical **Py**thon o NumPy es la biblioteca estándar de facto del lenguaje de programación Python que soporta matrices y arreglos multidimensionales de gran tamaño, y viene con una amplia colección de funciones matemáticas de alto nivel para operar sobre estos arreglos.
+
+Tras el lanzamiento de NumPy en 2006, Pandas apareció en el panorama en 2008, y no fue hasta hace un par de años que aparecieron sucesivamente varias bibliotecas de cómputo vectorial, poblando este escenario. Muchas de estas nuevas bibliotecas imitan las características y capacidades de NumPy, y contienen nuevos algoritmos y características orientadas a las aplicaciones de aprendizaje automático e inteligencia artificial.
+
+
+
+El **cómputo vectorial** está basado en los **arreglos** como estructura de datos. *Los arreglos* se utilizan para organizar grandes cantidades de datos de manera que un conjunto de valores relacionados pueda ordenarse, buscarse, manipularse matemáticamente y transformarse con facilidad y rapidez.
+
+La computación vectorial es *única* ya que implica operar sobre los arreglos de datos *de una vez*. Esto significa que cualquier operación de arreglos se aplica a un conjunto completo de valores de una sola vez. Este enfoque vectorial proporciona velocidad y simplicidad al permitir a los programadores codificar y trabajar sobre los datos agregados, sin tener que utilizar bucles de instrucciones escalares individuales.
diff --git a/content/es/case-studies/blackhole-image.md b/content/es/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0392434d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Estudio de caso: La primera imagen de un agujero negro"
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/blackhole.jpg" caption="**Agujero Negro M87**" alt=black hole image" attr="*(Créditos de imagen: Colaboración del Telescopio de Horizonte de Sucesos)*" attrlink="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/universe/20190410/blackhole20190410.jpg">}}
+
+++ +## Un telescopio del tamaño del mundo + +El [ telescopio del Horizonte de Sucesos (EHT) ](https://eventhorizontelescope.org), es un arreglo de ocho radiotelescopios terrestres que forman un telescopio computacional del tamaño del mundo, estudiando el universo con una sensibilidad y resolución sin precedente. El enorme telescopio virtual, que utiliza una técnica llamada interferometría de línea de base muy larga (VLBI), tiene una resolución angular de [20 microsegundos de arco][resolution] — ¡suficiente para leer un periódico en Nueva York desde un café en la acera en París! + +### Objetivos clave y resultados + +* **Una nueva vista del universo:** El trabajo preliminar para la innovadora imagen de EHT se había establecido 100 años antes, cuando [Sir Arthur Eddington][eddington] dio el primer apoyo observacional a la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein. + +* **El agujero negro:** EHT apuntó a un enorme agujero negro aproximadamente a 55 millones de años luz de la tierra, situada en el centro de la galaxia Messier 87 (M87) en el cúmulo de Virgo. Su masa es 6.5 mil millones de veces la del sol. Se había estudiado por [más de 100 años](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385), pero nunca antes se había observado un agujero negro. + +* **Comparando las observaciones con la teoría:** A partir de la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein, los científicos esperaban encontrar una región similar a las sombras causada por la flexión gravitacional y la captura de la luz. Los científicos pudieron utilizarla para medir la enorme masa del agujero negro. + +### Los desafíos + +* **Escala computacional** + + EHT plantea desafíos de procesamiento de datos masivos, incluyendo rápidas fluctuaciones de fase atmosféricas, amplio ancho de banda de registro, y telescopios que son ampliamente disímiles y geográficamente dispersos. + +* **Demasiada información** + + Cada día EHT genera más de 350 terabytes de observaciones, almacenados en discos duros llenos de helio. Reducir el volumen y complejidad de estos datos es enormemente difícil. + +* **Hacia lo desconocido** + + Cuando el objetivo es ver algo nunca antes visto, ¿cómo pueden los científicos estar seguros de que la imagen es correcta? + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/dataprocessbh.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Pipeline de procesamiento de datos de EHT**" alt="data pipeline" align="middle" attr="(Créditos del diagrama: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)" attrlink="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57" >}} + +## El rol de NumPy + +¿Qué pasa si hay un problema con los datos? O tal vez un algoritmo depende demasiado de un supuesto en particular. ¿Cambiará drásticamente la imagen si se cambia un sólo parámetro? + +La alianza de EHT respondió a estos desafíos haciendo que los equipos independientes evalúen los datos, utilizando técnicas establecidas y de reconstrucción de imagen de vanguardia. Cuando los resultados se mostraron consistentes, se combinaron para producir la primera imagen de un agujero negro. + +Su trabajo ilustra el rol que desempeña el ecosistema científico de Python en el avance de la ciencia a través del análisis de datos colaborativos. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/bh_numpy_role.png" class="fig-center" alt="role of numpy" caption="**El rol de NumPy en la fotografía del Agujero Negro**" >}} + +Por ejemplo, el paquete de Python [`eht-imaging`][ehtim] proporciona herramientas para simular y realizar reconstrucción de imágenes en datos VLBI. NumPy está en el núcleo del procesamiento de datos de arreglos utilizados en este paquete, como se muestra en el gráfico de dependencias de software parcial a continuación. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ehtim_numpy.png" class="fig-center" alt="ehtim dependency map highlighting numpy" caption="**Gráfico de dependencias de software del paquete ehtim destacando NumPy**" >}} + +Además de NumPy, muchos otros paquetes, como [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org) y [Pandas](https://pandas.io), son parte del pipeline de procesamiento de datos para fotografiar el agujero negro. Los formatos de archivo astronómicos estándar y transformaciones de tiempo/coordenadas fueron manejados por [Astropy][astropy], mientras que [Matplotlib][mpl] fue utilizado en la visualización de datos a través del pipeline de análisis, incluyendo la generación de la imagen final del agujero negro. + +## Resumen + +El arreglo n-dimensional eficiente y adaptable que es la característica central de NumPy permitió a los investigadores manipular grandes conjuntos de datos numéricos, proporcionando una base para la primera imagen de un agujero negro. Un momento emblemático en la ciencia, ofrece una impresionante evidencia visual de la teoría de Einstein. El logro abarca no sólo los avances tecnológicos sino también la colaboración internacional entre más de 200 científicos y algunos de los mejores observatorios radiofónicos del mundo. Los algoritmos innovadores y técnicas de procesamiento de datos, mejorando los modelos astronómicos existentes, ayudaron a desarrollar un misterio del universo. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Capacidades clave de NumPy utilizadas**" >}} + +[resolution]: https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole + +[eddington]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment + +[ehtim]: https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging + +[astropy]: https://www.astropy.org/ +[mpl]: https://matplotlib.org/ diff --git a/content/es/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md b/content/es/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d6f01bec93 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +--- +title: "Estudio de caso: Análisis de críquet, ¡el cambio radical!" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ipl-stadium.png" caption="**IPLT20, el festival de críquet más grande en India**" alt="Copa y estadio de la Premier League de Críquet de India" attr="*(Créditos de imagen: IPLT20 (copa y logo) & Akash Yadav (estadio))*" attrlink="https://unsplash.com/@aksh1802" >}} + +Retratar el agujero negro M87 es como tratar de ver algo que por definición es imposible de ver.
+ +
++ +## Acerca del críquet + +Sería una subestimación decir que a los indios les encanta el críquet. El juego se juega en casi cada rincón de India, rural o urbano, popular entre los jóvenes y ancianos por igual, conectando miles de millones en India a diferencia de cualquier otro deporte. El críquet disfruta de una gran atención mediática. Hay una cantidad importante de [dinero](https://www.statista.com/topics/4543/indian-premier-league-ipl/) y fama en juego. Durante los últimos años, la tecnología ha sido literalmente un punto de inflexión. El público está plagado de opciones con los medios de streaming, los torneos, acceso asequible a la observación de críquet en vivo basado en móviles, y más. + +La Premier League de India (IPL) es una liga de críquet Twenty20, fundada en 2008. Es uno de los eventos de críquet más concurridos en el mundo, valorado en [$6.7 mil millones de dólares](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League) en 2019. + +El críquet es un juego de números - las carreras anotadas por un bateador, los wickets alcanzados por un lanzador, los partidos ganados por un equipo de críquet, el número de veces que un bateador responde de cierta manera a un tipo de ataque de lanzamiento, etc. La capacidad de cavar en los números del críquet para mejorar el rendimiento y estudiar las oportunidades de negocio, el mercado en general y la economía del críquet a través de potentes herramientas de análisis, alimentadas por software de cálculo numérico como NumPy, es un gran negocio. El análisis del críquet proporciona ideas interesantes sobre el juego e inteligencia predictiva respecto a los resultados del juego. + +Today, there are rich and almost infinite troves of cricket game records and statistics available, e.g., [ESPN cricinfo](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html) and [cricsheet](https://cricsheet.org). These and several such cricket databases have been used for [cricket analysis](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336886516_Data_visualization_and_toss_related_analysis_of_IPL_teams_and_batsmen_performances) using the latest machine learning and predictive modelling algorithms. Media and entertainment platforms along with professional sports bodies associated with the game use technology and analytics for determining key metrics for improving match winning chances: + +* batting performance moving average, +* score forecasting, +* gaining insights into fitness and performance of a player against different opposition, +* player contribution to wins and losses for making strategic decisions on team composition + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/cricket-pitch.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Cricket Pitch, the focal point in the field**" alt="A cricket pitch with bowler and batsmen" align="middle" attr="*(Image credit: Debarghya Das)*" attrlink="http://debarghyadas.com/files/IPLpaper.pdf" >}} + +### Key Data Analytics Objectives + +* Sports data analytics are used not only in cricket but many [other sports](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx) for improving the overall team performance and maximizing winning chances. +* Real-time data analytics can help in gaining insights even during the game for changing tactics by the team and by associated businesses for economic benefits and growth. +* Besides historical analysis, predictive models are harnessed to determine the possible match outcomes that require significant number crunching and data science know-how, visualization tools and capability to include newer observations in the analysis. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/player-pose-estimator.png" class="fig-center" alt="pose estimator" caption="**Cricket Pose Estimator**" attr="*(Image credit: connect.vin)*" attrlink="https://connect.vin/2019/05/ai-for-cricket-batsman-pose-analysis/" >}} + +### The Challenges + +* **Data Cleaning and preprocessing** + + IPL has expanded cricket beyond the classic test match format to a much larger scale. The number of matches played every season across various formats has increased and so has the data, the algorithms, newer sports data analysis technologies and simulation models. Cricket data analysis requires field mapping, player tracking, ball tracking, player shot analysis, and several other aspects involved in how the ball is delivered, its angle, spin, velocity, and trajectory. All these factors together have increased the complexity of data cleaning and preprocessing. + +* **Dynamic Modeling** + + In cricket, just like any other sport, there can be a large number of variables related to tracking various numbers of players on the field, their attributes, the ball, and several possibilities of potential actions. The complexity of data analytics and modeling is directly proportional to the kind of predictive questions that are put forth during analysis and are highly dependent on data representation and the model. Things get even more challenging in terms of computation, data comparisons when dynamic cricket play predictions are sought such as what would have happened if the batsman had hit the ball at a different angle or velocity. + +* **Predictive Analytics Complexity** + + Much of the decision making in cricket is based on questions such as "how often does a batsman play a certain kind of shot if the ball delivery is of a particular type", or "how does a bowler change his line and length if the batsman responds to his delivery in a certain way". This kind of predictive analytics query requires highly granular dataset availability and the capability to synthesize data and create generative models that are highly accurate. + +## NumPy’s Role in Cricket Analytics + +Sports Analytics is a thriving field. Many researchers and companies [use NumPy](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx) and other PyData packages like Scikit-learn, SciPy, Matplotlib, and Jupyter, besides using the latest machine learning and AI techniques. NumPy has been used for various kinds of cricket related sporting analytics such as: + +* **Statistical Analysis:** NumPy's numerical capabilities help estimate the statistical significance of observational data or match events in the context of various player and game tactics, estimating the game outcome by comparison with a generative or static model. [Causal analysis](https://amplitude.com/blog/2017/01/19/causation-correlation) and [big data approaches](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996805/) are used for tactical analysis. + +* **Data Visualization:** Data graphing and [visualization](https://towardsdatascience.com/advanced-sports-visualization-with-pandas-matplotlib-and-seaborn-9c16df80a81b) provide useful insights into relationship between various datasets. + +## Summary + +Sports Analytics is a game changer when it comes to how professional games are played, especially how strategic decision making happens, which until recently was primarily done based on “gut feeling" or adherence to past traditions. NumPy forms a solid foundation for a large set of Python packages which provide higher level functions related to data analytics, machine learning, and AI algorithms. These packages are widely deployed to gain real-time insights that help in decision making for game-changing outcomes, both on field as well as to draw inferences and drive business around the game of cricket. Finding out the hidden parameters, patterns, and attributes that lead to the outcome of a cricket match helps the stakeholders to take notice of game insights that are otherwise hidden in numbers and statistics. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_ca_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="Diagram showing benefits of using NumPy for cricket analytics" caption="**Key NumPy Capabilities utilized**" >}} diff --git a/content/es/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md b/content/es/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b40ed2af50 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +--- +title: "Case Study: DeepLabCut 3D Pose Estimation" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/mice-hand.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**Analyzing mice hand-movement using DeepLapCut**" alt="micehandanim" attr="*(Source: www.deeplabcut.org )*" attrlink="http://www.mousemotorlab.org/deeplabcut">}} + +No juegas para el público, juegas para el país.
+ +
++ +## About DeepLabCut + +[DeepLabCut](https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut) is an open source toolbox that empowers researchers at hundreds of institutions worldwide to track behaviour of laboratory animals, with very little training data, at human-level accuracy. With DeepLabCut technology, scientists can delve deeper into the scientific understanding of motor control and behavior across animal species and timescales. + +Several areas of research, including neuroscience, medicine, and biomechanics, use data from tracking animal movement. DeepLabCut helps in understanding what humans and other animals are doing by parsing actions that have been recorded on film. Using automation for laborious tasks of tagging and monitoring, along with deep neural network based data analysis, DeepLabCut makes scientific studies involving observing animals, such as primates, mice, fish, flies etc., much faster and more accurate. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/race-horse.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**Colored dots track the positions of a racehorse’s body part**" alt="horserideranim" attr="*(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)*">}} + +DeepLabCut's non-invasive behavioral tracking of animals by extracting the poses of animals is crucial for scientific pursuits in domains such as biomechanics, genetics, ethology & neuroscience. Measuring animal poses non-invasively from video - without markers - in dynamically changing backgrounds is computationally challenging, both technically as well as in terms of resource needs and training data required. + +DeepLabCut allows researchers to estimate the pose of the subject, efficiently enabling them to quantify the behavior through a Python based software toolkit. With DeepLabCut, researchers can identify distinct frames from videos, digitally label specific body parts in a few dozen frames with a tailored GUI, and then the deep learning based pose estimation architectures in DeepLabCut learn how to pick out those same features in the rest of the video and in other similar videos of animals. It works across species of animals, from common laboratory animals such as flies and mice to more unusual animals like [cheetahs][cheetah-movement]. + +DeepLabCut uses a principle called [transfer learning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11229), which greatly reduces the amount of training data required and speeds up the convergence of the training period. Depending on the needs, users can pick different network architectures that provide faster inference (e.g. MobileNetV2), which can also be combined with real-time experimental feedback. DeepLabCut originally used the feature detectors from a top-performing human pose estimation architecture, called [DeeperCut](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03170), which inspired the name. The package now has been significantly changed to include additional architectures, augmentation methods, and a full front-end user experience. Furthermore, to support large-scale biological experiments DeepLabCut provides active learning capabilities so that users can increase the training set over time to cover edge cases and make their pose estimation algorithm robust within the specific context. + +Recently, the [DeepLabCut model zoo](http://www.mousemotorlab.org/dlc-modelzoo) was introduced, which provides pre-trained models for various species and experimental conditions from facial analysis in primates to dog posture. This can be run for instance in the cloud without any labeling of new data, or neural network training, and no programming experience is necessary. + +### Key Goals and Results + +* **Automation of animal pose analysis for scientific studies:** + + The primary objective of DeepLabCut technology is to measure and track posture of animals in a diverse settings. This data can be used, for example, in neuroscience studies to understand how the brain controls movement, or to elucidate how animals socially interact. Researchers have observed a [tenfold performance boost](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457242v1) with DeepLabCut. Poses can be inferred offline at up to 1200 frames per second (FPS). + +* **Creation of an easy-to-use Python toolkit for pose estimation:** + + DeepLabCut wanted to share their animal pose-estimation technology in the form of an easy to use tool that can be adopted by researchers easily. So they have created a complete, easy-to-use Python toolbox with project management features as well. These enable not only automation of pose-estimation but also managing the project end-to-end by helping the DeepLabCut Toolkit user right from the dataset collection stage to creating shareable and reusable analysis pipelines. + + Their [toolkit][DLCToolkit] is now available as open source. + + A typical DeepLabCut Workflow includes: + + - creation and refining of training sets via active learning + - creation of tailored neural networks for specific animals and scenarios + - code for large-scale inference on videos + - draw inferences using integrated visualization tools + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-toolkit-steps.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Pose estimation steps with DeepLabCut**" alt="dlcsteps" align="middle" attr="(Source: DeepLabCut)" attrlink="https://twitter.com/DeepLabCut/status/1198046918284210176/photo/1" >}} + +### The Challenges + +* **Speed** + + Fast processing of animal behavior videos in order to measure their behavior and at the same time make scientific experiments more efficient, accurate. Extracting detailed animal poses for laboratory experiments, without markers, in dynamically changing backgrounds, can be challenging, both technically as well as in terms of resource needs and training data required. Coming up with a tool that is easy to use without the need for skills such as computer vision expertise that enables scientists to do research in more real-world contexts, is a non-trivial problem to solve. + +* **Combinatorics** + + Combinatorics involves assembly and integration of movement of multiple limbs into individual animal behavior. Assembling keypoints and their connections into individual animal movements and linking them across time is a complex process that requires heavy-duty numerical analysis, especially in case of multi-animal movement tracking in experiment videos. + +* **Data Processing** + + Last but not the least, array manipulation - processing large stacks of arrays corresponding to various images, target tensors and keypoints is fairly challenging. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/pose-estimation.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Pose estimation variety and complexity**" alt="challengesfig" align="middle" attr="(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)" attrlink="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/476531v1.full.pdf" >}} + +## NumPy's Role in meeting Pose Estimation Challenges + +NumPy addresses DeepLabCut technology's core need of numerical computations at high speed for behavioural analytics. Besides NumPy, DeepLabCut employs various Python software that utilize NumPy at their core, such as [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org), [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Tensorpack](https://github.com/tensorpack/tensorpack), [imgaug](https://github.com/aleju/imgaug), [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/), [scikit-image](https://scikit-image.org) and [Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org). + +The following features of NumPy played a key role in addressing the image processing, combinatorics requirements and need for fast computation in DeepLabCut pose estimation algorithms: + +* Vectorization +* Masked Array Operations +* Linear Algebra +* Random Sampling +* Reshaping of large arrays + +DeepLabCut utilizes NumPy’s array capabilities throughout the workflow offered by the toolkit. In particular, NumPy is used for sampling distinct frames for human annotation labeling, and for writing, editing and processing annotation data. Within TensorFlow the neural network is trained by DeepLabCut technology over thousands of iterations to predict the ground truth annotations from frames. For this purpose, target densities (scoremaps) are created to cast pose estimation as a image-to-image translation problem. To make the neural networks robust, data augmentation is employed, which requires the calculation of target scoremaps subject to various geometric and image processing steps. To make training fast, NumPy’s vectorization capabilities are leveraged. For inference, the most likely predictions from target scoremaps need to extracted and one needs to efficiently “link predictions to assemble individual animals”. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-workflow.png" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLabCut Workflow**" alt="workflow" attr="*(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)*" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DeepLabCut-work-flow-The-diagram-delineates-the-work-flow-as-well-as-the-directory-and_fig1_329185962">}} + +## Summary + +Observing and efficiently describing behavior is a core tenant of modern ethology, neuroscience, medicine, and technology. [DeepLabCut](http://orga.cvss.cc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NathMathis2019.pdf) allows researchers to estimate the pose of the subject, efficiently enabling them to quantify the behavior. With only a small set of training images, the DeepLabCut Python toolbox allows training a neural network to within human level labeling accuracy, thus expanding its application to not only behavior analysis in the laboratory, but to potentially also in sports, gait analysis, medicine and rehabilitation studies. Complex combinatorics, data processing challenges faced by DeepLabCut algorithms are addressed through the use of NumPy's array manipulation capabilities. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_dlc_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Key NumPy Capabilities utilized**" >}} + +[cheetah-movement]: https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/interview-a-deeper-cut-into-behavior-with-mackenzie-mathis-327618 + +[DLCToolkit]: https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut diff --git a/content/es/case-studies/gw-discov.md b/content/es/case-studies/gw-discov.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b992584c87 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/case-studies/gw-discov.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +--- +title: "Case Study: Discovery of Gravitational Waves" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="**Gravitational Waves**" alt="binary coalesce black hole generating gravitational waves" attr="*(Image Credits: The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) Project at LIGO)*" attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o" >}} + +Open Source Software is accelerating Biomedicine. DeepLabCut enables automated video analysis of animal behavior using Deep Learning.
+ +
++ +## About [Gravitational Waves](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/what-are-gravitational-waves-ligo-astronomy-science/) and [LIGO](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) + +Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space and time, generated by cataclysmic events in the universe such as collision and merging of two black holes or coalescing binary stars or supernovae. Observing GW can not only help in studying gravity but also in understanding some of the obscure phenomena in the distant universe and its impact. + +The [Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) was designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics through the direct detection of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. It comprises two widely separated interferometers within the United States — one in Hanford, Washington and the other in Livingston, Louisiana — operated in unison to detect gravitational waves. Each of them has multi-kilometer-scale gravitational wave detectors that use laser interferometry. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), is a group of more than 1000 scientists from universities around the United States and in 14 other countries supported by more than 90 universities and research institutes; approximately 250 students actively contributing to the collaboration. The new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. It has opened up new astrophysical frontiers that explore the warped side of the universe—objects and phenomena that are made from warped spacetime. + + +### Key Objectives + +* Though its [mission](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-ligo) is to detect gravitational waves from some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe, the data LIGO collects may have far-reaching effects on many areas of physics including gravitation, relativity, astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics, and nuclear physics. +* Crunch observed data via numerical relativity computations that involves complex maths in order to discern signal from noise, filter out relevant signal and statistically estimate significance of observed data +* Data visualization so that the binary / numerical results can be comprehended. + + + +### The Challenges + +* **Computation** + + Gravitational Waves are hard to detect as they produce a very small effect and have tiny interaction with matter. Processing and analyzing all of LIGO's data requires a vast computing infrastructure.After taking care of noise, which is billions of times of the signal, there is still very complex relativity equations and huge amounts of data which present a computational challenge: [O(10^7) CPU hrs needed for binary merger analyses](https://youtu.be/7mcHknWWzNI) spread on 6 dedicated LIGO clusters + +* **Data Deluge** + + As observational devices become more sensitive and reliable, the challenges posed by data deluge and finding a needle in a haystack rise multi-fold. LIGO generates terabytes of data every day! Making sense of this data requires an enormous effort for each and every detection. For example, the signals being collected by LIGO must be matched by supercomputers against hundreds of thousands of templates of possible gravitational-wave signatures. + +* **Visualization** + + Once the obstacles related to understanding Einstein’s equations well enough to solve them using supercomputers are taken care of, the next big challenge was making data comprehensible to the human brain. Simulation modeling as well as signal detection requires effective visualization techniques. Visualization also plays a role in lending more credibility to numerical relativity in the eyes of pure science aficionados, who did not give enough importance to numerical relativity until imaging and simulations made it easier to comprehend results for a larger audience. Speed of complex computations and rendering, re-rendering images and simulations using latest experimental inputs and insights can be a time consuming activity that challenges researchers in this domain. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude.png" class="fig-center" alt="gravitational waves strain amplitude" caption="**Estimated gravitational-wave strain amplitude from GW150914**" attr="(**Graph Credits:** Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, ResearchGate Publication)" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger" >}} + +## NumPy’s Role in the Detection of Gravitational Waves + +Gravitational waves emitted from the merger cannot be computed using any technique except brute force numerical relativity using supercomputers. The amount of data LIGO collects is as incomprehensibly large as gravitational wave signals are small. + +NumPy, the standard numerical analysis package for Python, was utilized by the software used for various tasks performed during the GW detection project at LIGO. NumPy helped in solving complex maths and data manipulation at high speed. Here are some examples: + +* [Signal Processing](https://www.uv.es/virgogroup/Denoising_ROF.html): Glitch detection, [Noise identification and Data Characterization](https://ep2016.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/pyhton-in-gravitational-waves-research-communities.pdf) (NumPy, scikit-learn, scipy, matplotlib, pandas, pyCharm) +* Data retrieval: Deciding which data can be analyzed, figuring out whether it contains a signal - needle in a haystack +* Statistical analysis: estimate the statistical significance of observational data, estimating the signal parameters (e.g. masses of stars, spin velocity, and distance) by comparison with a model. +* Visualization of data + - Time series + - Spectrograms +* Compute Correlations +* Key [Software](https://github.com/lscsoft) developed in GW data analysis such as [GwPy](https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html) and [PyCBC](https://pycbc.org) uses NumPy and AstroPy under the hood for providing object based interfaces to utilities, tools, and methods for studying data from gravitational-wave detectors. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gwpy-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gwpy-numpy depgraph" caption="**Dependency graph showing how GwPy package depends on NumPy**" >}} + +---- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/PyCBC-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="PyCBC-numpy depgraph" caption="**Dependency graph showing how PyCBC package depends on NumPy**" >}} + +## Summary + +GW detection has enabled researchers to discover entirely unexpected phenomena while providing new insight into many of the most profound astrophysical phenomena known. Number crunching and data visualization is a crucial step that helps scientists gain insights into data gathered from the scientific observations and understand the results. The computations are complex and cannot be comprehended by humans unless it is visualized using computer simulations that are fed with the real observed data and analysis. NumPy along with other Python packages such as matplotlib, pandas, and scikit-learn is [enabling researchers](https://www.gw-openscience.org/events/GW150914/) to answer complex questions and discover new horizons in our understanding of the universe. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_gw_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Key NumPy Capabilities utilized**" >}} diff --git a/content/es/citing-numpy.md b/content/es/citing-numpy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..486e90ddd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/citing-numpy.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +--- +title: Citando a NumPy +sidebar: false +--- + +Si NumPy ha sido importante en tu investigación y deseas reconocer el proyecto en tu publicación académica, te sugerimos que cites el siguiente documento: + +* Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J. et al. _Array programming with NumPy_. Nature 585, 357–362 (2020). DOI: [10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2). ([Enlace del editor](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2)). + +_En formato BibTeX:_ + + ``` +@Article{ harris2020array, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and St{\'{e}}fan J. + van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and Pauli Virtanen and David + Cournapeau and Eric Wieser and Julian Taylor and Sebastian + Berg and Nathaniel J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus + and Stephan Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew + Brett and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{\'{a}}ndez del + R{\'{i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and Pierre + G{\'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and Tyler Reddy and + Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi and Christoph Gohlke and + Travis E. Oliphant}, + year = {2020}, + month = sep, + journal = {Nature}, + volume = {585}, + number = {7825}, + pages = {357--362}, + doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, + publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2} +} +``` diff --git a/content/es/code-of-conduct.md b/content/es/code-of-conduct.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6bb0dfa637 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/code-of-conduct.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: Código de conducta de NumPy +sidebar: false +aliases: + - /conduct.html +--- + +### Introducción + +Este Código de Conducta se aplica a todos los espacios gestionados por el proyecto NumPy, incluyendo todas las listas de correo públicas y privadas, gestores de incidencias, wikis, blogs, Twitter y cualquier otro canal de comunicación utilizado por nuestra comunidad. El proyecto NumPy no organiza eventos en persona, sin embargo los eventos relacionados con nuestra comunidad deben tener un código de conducta similar a este. + +Este Código de Conducta debe ser respetado por todos los que participan en la comunidad NumPy formalmente o informalmente, o reclaman cualquier afiliación con el proyecto, en cualquier actividad relacionada con el proyecto y especialmente cuando representan el proyecto, de cualquier manera. + +Este código no es exhaustivo ni completo. Sirve para sintetizar nuestro entendimiento común de un entorno y unos objetivos compartidos y de colaboración. Por favor, intenta seguir este código tanto en el espíritu como en la letra, para crear un ambiente cordial y productivo que enriquezca a la comunidad circundante. + +### Directrices Específicas + +Nos esforzamos por: + +1. Ser abiertos. Invitamos a todas las personas a participar en nuestra comunidad. Preferimos utilizar métodos de comunicación públicos para los mensajes relacionados con el proyecto, a menos que se trate de algo delicado. Esto se aplica también a los mensajes de ayuda o soporte relacionados con el proyecto; no sólo es mucho más probable que una solicitud de soporte pública dé lugar a una respuesta a una pregunta, sino que también garantiza que cualquier error involuntario en la respuesta se detecte y corrija más fácilmente. +2. Ser empáticos, receptivos, amables y pacientes. Trabajamos juntos para resolver los conflictos y asumimos que hay buenas intenciones. Todos podemos experimentar cierta frustración de vez en cuando, pero no permitimos que la frustración se convierta en un ataque personal. Una comunidad en la que la gente se siente incómoda o amenazada no es productiva. +3. Ser colaborativos. Nuestro trabajo será utilizado por otras personas, y a su vez dependeremos del trabajo de otros. Cuando hacemos algo en beneficio del proyecto, estamos dispuestos a explicar a otros cómo funciona. para que puedan aprovechar el trabajo y hacerlo aún mejor. Cualquier decisión que tomemos afectará a usuarios y colegas, y nos tomaremos en serio esas consecuencias a la hora de tomar decisiones. +4. Ser curiosos. ¡Nadie lo sabe todo! Plantear las preguntas con antelación evita muchos problemas posteriores, por lo que fomentamos las preguntas, aunque es conveniente dirigirlas al foro adecuado. Nos esforzaremos por ser receptivos y útiles. +5. Ser cuidadosos con las palabras que elijamos. Somos cuidadosos y respetuosos en nuestra comunicación, y asumimos la responsabilidad del lenguaje que utilizamos. Somos amables con los demás. No insultes ni menosprecies a los demás participantes. No aceptaremos el acoso ni otros comportamientos excluyentes, como: + * Amenazas o expresiones violentas dirigidas a otra persona. + * Bromas y lenguaje sexista, racista o discriminatorio. + * Publicar material sexualmente explícito o violento. + * Publicar (o amenazar con publicar) información de identificación personal de otras personas ("doxing"). + * Compartir contenido privado, como correos electrónicos enviados de forma privada o no pública, o foros no registrados como el historial de canales IRC, sin el consentimiento del remitente. + * Insultos personales, especialmente aquellos que utilizan términos racistas o sexistas. + * Atención sexual no deseada. + * Uso excesivo de lenguaje inapropiado. Por favor, evite las palabras soeces; las personas difieren mucho en su sensibilidad a las palabrotas. + * Acoso reiterado a los demás. En general, si alguien le pide que se detenga, entonces pare. + * Defender o fomentar cualquiera de las conductas anteriores. + +### Declaración de diversidad + +El proyecto NumPy acoge con satisfacción y fomenta la participación de todos. Estamos comprometidos a ser una comunidad de la que todo el mundo disfruta ser parte. Aunque puede que no siempre seamos capaces de satisfacer las preferencias de cada individuo, intentamos lo mejor para tratar a todo el mundo con amabilidad. + +No importa cómo te identifiques o cómo te perciban los demás: te damos la bienvenida. Aunque ninguna lista puede esperar ser exhaustiva, honramos explícitamente la diversidad en: edad, cultura, etnia, genotipo, identidad o expresión de género, lengua, origen nacional, neurotipo, fenotipo, creencias políticas, profesión, raza, religión, orientación sexual, estatus socioeconómico, subcultura y capacidad técnica, en la medida en que no entren en conflicto con este código de conducta. + +Aunque aceptamos a personas con dominio de cualquier idioma, el desarrollo de NumPy se lleva a cabo en inglés. + +Los estándares de comportamiento en la comunidad NumPy se detallan en el Código de Conducta anterior. Los participantes en nuestra comunidad deben mantener estas normas en todas sus interacciones y ayudar a los demás a hacer lo mismo (véase la siguiente sección). + +### Directrices para Informar Incidentes + +Sabemos que es dolorosamente común que la comunicación en Internet comience o se convierta en un abuso evidente y flagrante. También reconocemos que a veces la gente puede tener un mal día, o no ser consciente de algunas de las directrices de este Código de Conducta. Por favor, tenga esto en cuenta a la hora de decidir cómo responder a una violación de este Código. + +En caso de infracciones claramente intencionadas, informe de las mismas al Comité del Código de Conducta (ver más abajo). Para infracciones posiblemente no intencionadas, Usted puede responder a la persona y señalar este código de conducta (tanto en público como en privado, lo que sea más apropiado). Si prefiere no hacerlo, no dude en informar directamente al Comité del Código de Conducta o pedirle consejo, de forma confidencial. + +Puede informar de los problemas al Comité del Código de Conducta de NumPy en numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com. + +Actualmente, la comisión está formada por: + +* Stefan van der Walt +* Melissa Weber Mendonça +* Anirudh Subramanian + +Si tu informe implica a algún miembro del Comité, o si éste considera que tiene un conflicto de intereses en su tramitación, se abstendrán de examinar tu denuncia. Si por alguna razón le incomoda hacer un informe al Comité, también puede ponerse en contacto con el personal superior de NumFOCUS en [conduct@numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org/code-of-conduct#persons-responsible). + +### Resolución de informes de incidentes y aplicación del Código de Conducta + +_Esta sección resume los puntos más importantes, se pueden encontrar más detalles en el_ [Código de Conducta NumPy - Cómo hacer seguimiento de un incidente](/report-handling-manual). + +Vamos a investigar y responder a todas las reclamaciones. El Comité del Código de Conducta de NumPy y el Comité Directivo de NumPy (si está involucrado) protegerán la identidad del denunciante y tratarán el contenido de las denuncias como confidencial (a menos que el denunciante esté de acuerdo con lo contrario). + +En caso de infracciones graves y evidentes, por ejemplo, amenazas personales o lenguaje violento, sexista o racista, desconectaremos inmediatamente al emisor de los canales de comunicación de NumPy; consulte el manual para obtener más detalles. + +En los casos que no impliquen infracciones claras, graves y evidentes de este Código de Conducta, el proceso para actuar sobre cualquier informe de infracción del Código de Conducta recibido será: + +1. acusar recibo del informe, +2. un intercambio de opiniones razonable, +3. mediación (si la retroalimentación no ha servido de nada, y sólo si tanto el denunciante como el denunciado están de acuerdo con ello), +4. aplicación a través de una decisión transparente (ver [Resoluciones](/report-handling-manual#resolutions)) hechas por el Comité del Código de conducta. + +El Comité responderá a cualquier informe lo antes posible y como máximo dentro de 72 horas. + +### Nota final + +Damos las gracias a los grupos que están detrás de los siguientes documentos, de los que hemos sacado contenido e inspiración: + +- [El Código de Conducta de SciPy](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html) diff --git a/content/es/community.md b/content/es/community.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ca7f93870 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/community.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: Community +sidebar: false +--- + +NumPy is a community-driven open source project developed by a diverse group of [contributors](/teams/). El liderazgo de NumPy se ha comprometido firmemente a crear una comunidad abierta, inclusiva y positiva. Por favor, lee el [Código de Conducta NumPy](/code-of-conduct) para obtener orientación sobre cómo interactuar con los demás de una manera que haga que la comunidad prospere. + +Ofrecemos varios canales de comunicación para aprender, compartir conocimientos y conectarse con otros dentro de la comunidad NumPy. + + +## Participar en línea + +Las siguientes son formas de relacionarse directamente con el proyecto y la comunidad NumPy. _Ten en cuenta que animamos a los usuarios y a los miembros de la comunidad a apoyarse mutuamente por preguntas de uso - ver [Obtener ayuda](/gethelp)._ + + +### [Lista de correo de NumPy](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) + +Esta lista es el foro principal para discusiones más largas, como añadir nuevas características a NumPy, hacer cambios en el mapa de ruta de NumPy, y todo tipo de proceso de toma de decisiones a nivel de proyecto. Los anuncios sobre NumPy, tales como lanzamientos, reuniones de desarrolladores, sprints o conferencias también se hacen en esta lista. + +En esta lista, por favor, utilice el envío inferior, responda a la lista (en lugar de a otro remitente), y no responda a los resúmenes. A searchable archive of this list is available [here](https://mail.python.org/archives/list/numpy-discussion@python.org/). + +*** + +### [Seguimiento de incidencias en GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) + +- Para informes de error (por ejemplo, "`np.arange(3).shape` devuelve `(5,)`, donde debería devolver `(3,)`"); +- problemas de documentación (por ejemplo, "Esta sección me pareció poco clara"); +- y solicitudes de funcionalidades (por ejemplo, "Me gustaría tener un nuevo método de interpolación en `np.percentile`"). + +_Ten en cuenta que GitHub no es el lugar adecuado para reportar una vulnerabilidad de seguridad. Si crees que has encontrado una vulnerabilidad de seguridad en NumPy, por favor repórtalo [aquí](https://tidelift.com/docs/security)._ + +*** + +### [Slack](https://numpy-team.slack.com) + +Una sala de chat en tiempo real para hacer preguntas sobre las _contribuciones_ a NumPy. Este es un espacio privado, destinado específicamente a las personas que no se atreven a plantear sus preguntas o ideas en una gran lista de correo pública o en GitHub. Por favor, mira [aquí](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html#contributing-to-numpy) para más detalles y cómo obtener una invitación. + + +## Grupos de estudio y reuniones + +Si desea encontrar un grupo de estudio o reunión local para aprender más sobre NumPy y el ecosistema más amplio de paquetes de Python para la ciencia de los datos y la computación científica, le recomendamos que explore los [PyData meetups](https://www.meetup.com/pro/pydata/) (más de 150 reuniones, más de 100.000 miembros). + +NumPy también organiza sprints en persona para su equipo y colaboradores interesados de vez en cuando. Normalmente se planifican con varios meses de antelación y se anunciarán en la [lista de correo](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) y en [Twitter](https://twitter.com/numpy_team). + + +## Conferencias + +El proyecto NumPy no organiza sus propias conferencias. Las conferencias que tradicionalmente han sido más populares entre los mantenedores, colaboradores y usuarios de NumPy son la serie de conferencias SciPy y PyData: + +- [SciPy US](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [EuroSciPy](https://www.euroscipy.org) +- [SciPy Latinoamérica](https://www.scipyla.org) +- [SciPy India](https://scipy.in) +- [SciPy Japón](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [Conferencias PyData](https://pydata.org/event-schedule/) (15 eventos al año repartidos en muchos países) + +Muchas de estas conferencias incluyen tutoriales y/o sprints que cubren NumPy donde puedes aprender cómo contribuir a Numpy o proyectos de código abierto relacionados. + + +## Únete a la comunidad Numpy + +Para prosperar, el proyecto NumPy necesita tu experiencia y entusiasmo. ¿No sabes programar? ¡Ningún problema! Hay muchas maneras de contribuir a NumPy. + +Si te interesa colaborar en NumPy (¡yupi!) te recomendamos que visites nuestra página [Contribuir](/contribuir). + diff --git a/content/es/config.yaml b/content/es/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..01b9b93562 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +--- +languageName: Inglés +params: + description: '¿Por qué NumPy? Potentes matrices n-dimensionales. Herramientas de cálculo numérico. Interoperable. Rendimiento. Código abierto.' + navbarlogo: + image: logo.svg + link: / + hero: + #Main hero title + title: NumPy + #Hero subtitle (optional) + subtitle: El paquete fundamental para la computación científica con Python + #Button text + buttontext: Para empezar + #Where the main hero button links to + buttonlink: "/install" + #Hero image (from static/images/___) + image: logo.svg + shell: + title: marcador de posición + promptlabel: apuntador interactivo de la consola + button: + - + label: Activa el terminal interactivo del tutorial + text: Habilitar + shellcontent: + intro: + - + title: Prueba NumPy + text: Activa el terminal interactivo + loading: + - + title: Mientras esperamos... + text: Iniciando contenedor en mybinder.org... + docslink: No te olvides de echar un vistazo a los documentos. + casestudies: + title: CASE STUDIES + features: + - + title: First Image of a Black Hole + text: How NumPy, together with libraries like SciPy and Matplotlib that depend on NumPy, enabled the Event Horizon Telescope to produce the first ever image of a black hole + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/blackhole.png + alttext: First image of a black hole. It is an orange circle in a black background. + url: /case-studies/blackhole-image + - + title: Detection of Gravitational Waves + text: In 1916, Albert Einstein predicted gravitational waves; 100 years later their existence was confirmed by LIGO scientists using NumPy. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/gravitional.png + alttext: Two orbs orbiting each other. They are displacing gravity around them. + url: /case-studies/gw-discov + - + title: Sports Analytics + text: Cricket Analytics is changing the game by improving player and team performance through statistical modelling and predictive analytics. NumPy enables many of these analyses. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/sports.jpg + alttext: Cricket ball on green field. + url: /case-studies/cricket-analytics + - + title: Pose Estimation using deep learning + text: DeepLabCut uses NumPy for accelerating scientific studies that involve observing animal behavior for better understanding of motor control, across species and timescales. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/deeplabcut.png + alttext: Cheetah pose analysis + url: /case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn + keyfeatures: + features: + - + title: Powerful N-dimensional arrays + text: Fast and versatile, the NumPy vectorization, indexing, and broadcasting concepts are the de-facto standards of array computing today. + - + title: Numerical computing tools + text: NumPy offers comprehensive mathematical functions, random number generators, linear algebra routines, Fourier transforms, and more. + - + title: Interoperable + text: NumPy supports a wide range of hardware and computing platforms, and plays well with distributed, GPU, and sparse array libraries. + - + title: Performant + text: The core of NumPy is well-optimized C code. Enjoy the flexibility of Python with the speed of compiled code. + - + title: Easy to use + text: NumPy's high level syntax makes it accessible and productive for programmers from any background or experience level. + - + title: Open source + text: Distributed under a liberal [BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt), NumPy is developed and maintained [publicly on GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) by a vibrant, responsive, and diverse [community](/community). + tabs: + title: ECOSYSTEM + section5: false +navbar: + - + title: Install + url: /install + - + title: Documentation + url: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + title: Learn + url: /learn + - + title: Community + url: /community + - + title: About Us + url: /about + - + title: Contribute + url: /contribute +footer: + logo: logo.svg + socialmediatitle: "" + socialmedia: + - + link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy + icon: github + - + link: https://twitter.com/numpy_team + icon: twitter + quicklinks: + column1: + title: "" + links: + - + text: Install + link: /install + - + text: Documentation + link: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + text: Learn + link: /learn + - + text: Citing Numpy + link: /citing-numpy + - + text: Roadmap + link: https://numpy.org/neps/roadmap.html + column2: + links: + - + text: About us + link: /about + - + text: Community + link: /community + - + text: User surveys + link: /user-surveys + - + text: Contribute + link: /contribute + - + text: Code of conduct + link: /code-of-conduct + column3: + links: + - + text: Get help + link: /gethelp + - + text: Terms of use + link: /terms + - + text: Privacy + link: /privacy + - + text: Press kit + link: /press-kit + diff --git a/content/es/contribute.md b/content/es/contribute.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2533761d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/es/contribute.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +- - - +title: Contribute to NumPy sidebar: false +- - - + +The NumPy project welcomes your expertise and enthusiasm! Your choices aren't limited to programming -- in addition to + +- [Writing code](#writing-code) + +you can + +- [Review pull requests](#reviewing-pull-requests) +- [Develop tutorials, presentations, and other educational material](#developing-educational-materials) +- [Triage issues](#issue-triaging) +- [Work on our website](#website-development) +- [Contribute graphic design](#graphic-design) +- [Translate website content](#translating-website-content) +- [Serve as a community coordinator](#community-coordination-and-outreach) +- [Write grant proposals and help with other fundraising](#fundraising) + +If you're unsure where to start or how your skills fit in, _reach out!_ You can ask on the [mailing list](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) or [GitHub](http://github.com/numpy/numpy) (open an [issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) or comment on a relevant issue). + +Those are our preferred channels (open source is open by nature), but if you prefer to talk privately, contact our community coordinators atThe scientific Python ecosystem is critical infrastructure for the research done at LIGO.
+ +
+
+The logo is a modern take on the old one, with a cleaner design. Thanks to Isabela Presedo-Floyd for designing the new logo, as well as to Travis Vaught for the old logo that served us well for 15+ years.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.19.0 release
+
+_Jun 20, 2020_ -- NumPy 1.19.0 is now available. This is the first release without Python 2 support, hence it was a "clean-up release". The minimum supported Python version is now Python 3.6. An important new feature is that the random number generation infrastructure that was introduced in NumPy 1.17.0 is now accessible from Cython.
+
+
+### Season of Docs acceptance
+
+_May 11, 2020_ -- NumPy has been accepted as one of the mentor organizations for the Google Season of Docs program. We are excited about the opportunity to work with a technical writer to improve NumPy's documentation once again! For more details, please see [the official Season of Docs site](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) and our [ideas page](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/wiki/Google-Season-of-Docs-2020-Project-Ideas).
+
+
+### NumPy 1.18.0 release
+
+_Dec 22, 2019_ -- NumPy 1.18.0 is now available. After the major changes in 1.17.0, this is a consolidation release. It is the last minor release that will support Python 3.5. Highlights of the release includes the addition of basic infrastructure for linking with 64-bit BLAS and LAPACK libraries, and a new C-API for `numpy.random`.
+
+Please see the [release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0) for more details.
+
+
+### NumPy receives a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
+
+_Nov 15, 2019_ -- We are pleased to announce that NumPy and OpenBLAS, one of NumPy's key dependencies, have received a joint grant for $195,000 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative through their [Essential Open Source Software for Science program](https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/) that supports software maintenance, growth, development, and community engagement for open source tools critical to science.
+
+This grant will be used to ramp up the efforts in improving NumPy documentation, website redesign, and community development to better serve our large and rapidly growing user base, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. While the OpenBLAS team will focus on addressing sets of key technical issues, in particular thread-safety, AVX-512, and thread-local storage (TLS) issues, as well as algorithmic improvements in ReLAPACK (Recursive LAPACK) on which OpenBLAS depends.
+
+More details on our proposed initiatives and deliverables can be found in the [full grant proposal](https://figshare.com/articles/Proposal_NumPy_OpenBLAS_for_Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative_EOSS_2019_round_1/10302167). The work is scheduled to start on Dec 1st, 2019 and continue for the next 12 months.
+
+
+## Releases
+
+Here is a list of NumPy releases, with links to release notes. Bugfix releases (only the `z` changes in the `x.y.z` version number) have no new features; minor releases (the `y` increases) do.
+
+- NumPy 1.22.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.22.0)) -- _31 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.5)) -- _19 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.0)) -- _22 Jun 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.3 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.3)) -- _10 May 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.0)) -- _30 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.5)) -- _5 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.0)) -- _20 Jun 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.4 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.4)) -- _3 May 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.17.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.5)) -- _1 Jan 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)) -- _22 Dec 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.17.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.0)) -- _26 Jul 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.16.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.16.0)) -- _14 Jan 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.15.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.15.0)) -- _23 Jul 2018_.
+- NumPy 1.14.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.14.0)) -- _7 Jan 2018_.
diff --git a/content/es/press-kit.md b/content/es/press-kit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c8970bb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/press-kit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Press kit
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We would like to make it easy for you to include the NumPy project identity in your next academic paper, course materials, or presentation.
+
+You will find several high-resolution versions of the NumPy logo [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/tree/main/branding/logo). Note that by using the numpy.org resources, you accept the [NumPy Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct).
diff --git a/content/es/privacy.md b/content/es/privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6064e4c4f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Privacy Policy
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**numpy.org** is operated by [NumFOCUS, Inc.](https://numfocus.org), the fiscal sponsor of the NumPy project. For the Privacy Policy of this website please refer to https://numfocus.org/privacy-policy.
+
+If you have any questions about the policy or NumFOCUS’s data collection, use, and disclosure practices, please contact the NumFOCUS staff at privacy@numfocus.org.
diff --git a/content/es/report-handling-manual.md b/content/es/report-handling-manual.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5586668cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/report-handling-manual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Code of Conduct - How to follow up on a report
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+This is the manual followed by NumPy’s Code of Conduct Committee. It’s used when we respond to an issue to make sure we’re consistent and fair.
+
+Enforcing the [Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct) impacts our community today and for the future. It’s an action that we do not take lightly. When reviewing enforcement measures, the Code of Conduct Committee will keep the following values and guidelines in mind:
+
+* Act in a personal manner rather than impersonal. The Committee can engage the parties to understand the situation while respecting the privacy and any necessary confidentiality of reporters. However, sometimes it is necessary to communicate with one or more individuals directly: the Committee’s goal is to improve the health of our community rather than only produce a formal decision.
+* Emphasize empathy for individuals rather than judging behavior, avoiding binary labels of “good” and “bad/evil”. Overt, clear-cut aggression and harassment exist, and we will address them firmly. But many scenarios that can prove challenging to resolve are those where normal disagreements devolve into unhelpful or harmful behavior from multiple parties. Understanding the full context and finding a path that re-engages all is hard, but ultimately the most productive for our community.
+* We understand that email is a difficult medium and can be isolating. Receiving criticism over email, without personal contact, can be particularly painful. This makes it especially important to keep an atmosphere of open-minded respect for the views of others. It also means that we must be transparent in our actions, and that we will do everything in our power to make sure that all our members are treated fairly and with sympathy.
+* Discrimination can be subtle and it can be unconscious. It can show itself as unfairness and hostility in otherwise ordinary interactions. We know that this does occur, and we will take care to look out for it. We would very much like to hear from you if you feel you have been treated unfairly, and we will use these procedures to make sure that your complaint is heard and addressed.
+* Help increase engagement in good discussion practice: try to identify where discussion may have broken down, and provide actionable information, pointers, and resources that can lead to positive change on these points.
+* Be mindful of the needs of new members: provide them with explicit support and consideration, with the aim of increasing participation from underrepresented groups in particular.
+* Individuals come from different cultural backgrounds and native languages. Try to identify any honest misunderstandings caused by a non-native speaker and help them understand the issue and what they can change to avoid causing offence. Complex discussion in a foreign language can be very intimidating, and we want to grow our diversity also across nationalities and cultures.
+
+
+## Mediation
+
+Voluntary informal mediation is a tool at our disposal. In contexts such as when two or more parties have all escalated to the point of inappropriate behavior (something sadly common in human conflict), it may be useful to facilitate a mediation process. This is only an example: the Committee can consider mediation in any case, mindful that the process is meant to be strictly voluntary and no party can be pressured to participate. If the Committee suggests mediation, it should:
+
+* Find a candidate who can serve as a mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reporter(s). The reporter(s) have complete freedom to decline the mediation idea or to propose an alternate mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reported person(s).
+* Settle on the mediator: while parties can propose a different mediator than the suggested candidate, only if a common agreement is reached on all terms can the process move forward.
+* Establish a timeline for mediation to complete, ideally within two weeks.
+
+The mediator will engage with all the parties and seek a resolution that is satisfactory to all. Upon completion, the mediator will provide a report (vetted by all parties to the process) to the Committee, with recommendations on further steps. The Committee will then evaluate these results (whether a satisfactory resolution was achieved or not) and decide on any additional action deemed necessary.
+
+
+## How the Committee will respond to reports
+
+When the Committee (or a Committee member) receives a report, they will first determine whether the report is about a clear and severe breach (as defined below). If so, immediate action needs to be taken in addition to the regular report handling process.
+
+
+## Clear and severe breach actions
+
+We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse. We will deal quickly with clear and severe breaches like personal threats, violent, sexist or racist language.
+
+When a member of the Code of Conduct Committee becomes aware of a clear and severe breach, they will do the following:
+
+* Immediately disconnect the originator from all NumPy communication channels.
+* Reply to the reporter that their report has been received and that the originator has been disconnected.
+* In every case, the moderator should make a reasonable effort to contact the originator, and tell them specifically how their language or actions qualify as a “clear and severe breach”. The moderator should also say that, if the originator believes this is unfair or they want to be reconnected to NumPy, they have the right to ask for a review, as below, by the Code of Conduct Committee. The moderator should copy this explanation to the Code of Conduct Committee.
+* The Code of Conduct Committee will formally review and sign off on all cases where this mechanism has been applied to make sure it is not being used to control ordinary heated disagreement.
+
+
+## Report handling
+
+When a report is sent to the Committee they will immediately reply to the reporter to confirm receipt. This reply must be sent within 72 hours, and the group should strive to respond much quicker than that.
+
+If a report doesn’t contain enough information, the Committee will obtain all relevant data before acting. The Committee is empowered to act on the Steering Council’s behalf in contacting any individuals involved to get a more complete account of events.
+
+The Committee will then review the incident and determine, to the best of their ability:
+
+* What happened.
+* Whether this event constitutes a Code of Conduct violation.
+* Who are the responsible party(ies).
+* Whether this is an ongoing situation, and there is a threat to anyone’s physical safety.
+
+This information will be collected in writing, and whenever possible the group’s deliberations will be recorded and retained (i.e. chat transcripts, email discussions, recorded conference calls, summaries of voice conversations, etc).
+
+It is important to retain an archive of all activities of this Committee to ensure consistency in behavior and provide institutional memory for the project. To assist in this, the default channel of discussion for this Committee will be a private mailing list accessible to current and future members of the Committee as well as members of the Steering Council upon justified request. If the Committee finds the need to use off-list communications (e.g. phone calls for early/rapid response), it should in all cases summarize these back to the list so there’s a good record of the process.
+
+The Code of Conduct Committee should aim to have a resolution agreed upon within two weeks. In the event that a resolution can’t be determined in that time, the Committee will respond to the reporter(s) with an update and projected timeline for resolution.
+
+
+## Resolutions
+
+The Committee must agree on a resolution by consensus. If the group cannot reach consensus and deadlocks for over a week, the group will turn the matter over to the Steering Council for resolution.
+
+Possible responses may include:
+
+* Taking no further action:
+ - if we determine no violations have occurred;
+ - if the matter has been resolved publicly while the Committee was considering responses.
+* Coordinating voluntary mediation: if all involved parties agree, the Committee may facilitate a mediation process as detailed above.
+* Remind publicly, and point out that some behavior/actions/language have been judged inappropriate and why in the current context, or can but hurtful to some people, requesting the community to self-adjust.
+* A private reprimand from the Committee to the individual(s) involved. In this case, the group chair will deliver that reprimand to the individual(s) over email, cc’ing the group.
+* A public reprimand. In this case, the Committee chair will deliver that reprimand in the same venue that the violation occurred, within the limits of practicality. E.g., the original mailing list for an email violation, but for a chat room discussion where the person/context may be gone, they can be reached by other means. The group may choose to publish this message elsewhere for documentation purposes.
+* A request for a public or private apology, assuming the reporter agrees to this idea: they may at their discretion refuse further contact with the violator. The chair will deliver this request. The Committee may, if it chooses, attach “strings” to this request: for example, the group may ask a violator to apologize in order to retain one’s membership on a mailing list.
+* A “mutually agreed upon hiatus” where the Committee asks the individual to temporarily refrain from community participation. If the individual chooses not to take a temporary break voluntarily, the Committee may issue a “mandatory cooling off period”.
+* A permanent or temporary ban from some or all NumPy spaces (mailing lists, gitter.im, etc.). The group will maintain records of all such bans so that they may be reviewed in the future or otherwise maintained.
+
+Once a resolution is agreed upon, but before it is enacted, the Committee will contact the original reporter and any other affected parties and explain the proposed resolution. The Committee will ask if this resolution is acceptable, and must note feedback for the record.
+
+Finally, the Committee will make a report to the NumPy Steering Council (as well as the NumPy core team in the event of an ongoing resolution, such as a ban).
+
+The Committee will never publicly discuss the issue; all public statements will be made by the chair of the Code of Conduct Committee or the NumPy Steering Council.
+
+
+## Conflicts of Interest
+
+In the event of any conflict of interest, a Committee member must immediately notify the other members, and recuse themselves if necessary.
diff --git a/content/es/tabcontents.yaml b/content/es/tabcontents.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f5d82e888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/tabcontents.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+---
+machinelearning:
+ paras:
+ -
+ para1: NumPy forms the basis of powerful machine learning libraries like [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org) and [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org). As machine learning grows, so does the list of libraries built on NumPy. [TensorFlow’s](https://www.tensorflow.org) deep learning capabilities have broad applications — among them speech and image recognition, text-based applications, time-series analysis, and video detection. [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org), another deep learning library, is popular among researchers in computer vision and natural language processing. [MXNet](https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet) is another AI package, providing blueprints and templates for deep learning.
+ para2: Statistical techniques called [ensemble](https://towardsdatascience.com/ensemble-methods-bagging-boosting-and-stacking-c9214a10a205) methods such as binning, bagging, stacking, and boosting are among the ML algorithms implemented by tools such as [XGBoost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost), [LightGBM](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), and [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai) — one of the fastest inference engines. [Yellowbrick](https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/) and [Eli5](https://eli5.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) offer machine learning visualizations.
+arraylibraries:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: NumPy's API is the starting point when libraries are written to exploit innovative hardware, create specialized array types, or add capabilities beyond what NumPy provides.
+ headers:
+ -
+ text: Array Library
+ -
+ text: Capabilities & Application areas
+ libraries:
+ -
+ title: Dask
+ text: Distributed arrays and advanced parallelism for analytics, enabling performance at scale.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/dask.png
+ alttext: Dask
+ url: https://dask.org/
+ -
+ title: CuPy
+ text: NumPy-compatible array library for GPU-accelerated computing with Python.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/cupy.png
+ alttext: CuPy
+ url: https://cupy.chainer.org
+ -
+ title: JAX
+ text: "Composable transformations of NumPy programs: differentiate, vectorize, just-in-time compilation to GPU/TPU."
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/jax_logo_250px.png
+ alttext: JAX
+ url: https://github.com/google/jax
+ -
+ title: Xarray
+ text: Labeled, indexed multi-dimensional arrays for advanced analytics and visualization
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xarray.png
+ alttext: xarray
+ url: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/index.html
+ -
+ title: Sparse
+ text: NumPy-compatible sparse array library that integrates with Dask and SciPy's sparse linear algebra.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/sparse.png
+ alttext: sparse
+ url: https://sparse.pydata.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: PyTorch
+ text: Deep learning framework that accelerates the path from research prototyping to production deployment.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/pytorch-logo-dark.svg
+ alttext: PyTorch
+ url: https://pytorch.org/
+ -
+ title: TensorFlow
+ text: An end-to-end platform for machine learning to easily build and deploy ML powered applications.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorflow-logo.svg
+ alttext: TensorFlow
+ url: https://www.tensorflow.org
+ -
+ title: MXNet
+ text: Deep learning framework suited for flexible research prototyping and production.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/mxnet_logo.png
+ alttext: MXNet
+ url: https://mxnet.apache.org/
+ -
+ title: Arrow
+ text: A cross-language development platform for columnar in-memory data and analytics.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/arrow.png
+ alttext: arrow
+ url: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+ -
+ title: xtensor
+ text: Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing for numerical analysis.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xtensor.png
+ alttext: xtensor
+ url: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
+ -
+ title: XND
+ text: Develop libraries for array computing, recreating NumPy's foundational concepts.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xnd.png
+ alttext: xnd
+ url: https://xnd.io
+ -
+ title: uarray
+ text: Python backend system that decouples API from implementation; unumpy provides a NumPy API.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/uarray.png
+ alttext: uarray
+ url: https://uarray.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: tensorly
+ text: Tensor learning, algebra and backends to seamlessly use NumPy, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorFlow or CuPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorly.png
+ alttext: tensorly
+ url: http://tensorly.org/stable/home.html
+scientificdomains:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: Nearly every scientist working in Python draws on the power of NumPy.
+ -
+ text: "NumPy brings the computational power of languages like C and Fortran to Python, a language much easier to learn and use. With this power comes simplicity: a solution in NumPy is often clear and elegant."
+ librariesrow1:
+ -
+ title: Quantum Computing
+ alttext: A computer chip.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/quantum_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Statistical Computing
+ alttext: A line graph with the line moving up.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/statistical_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Signal Processing
+ alttext: A bar chart with positive and negative values.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/signal_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Image Processing
+ alttext: An photograph of the mountains.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/image_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Graphs and Networks
+ alttext: A simple graph.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/sd6.svg
+ -
+ title: Astronomy Processes
+ alttext: A telescope.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/astronomy_processes.svg
+ -
+ title: Cognitive Psychology
+ alttext: A human head with gears.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/cognitive_psychology.svg
+ librariesrow2:
+ -
+ title: Bioinformatics
+ alttext: A strand of DNA.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bioinformatics.svg
+ -
+ title: Bayesian Inference
+ alttext: A graph with a bell-shaped curve.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bayesian_inference.svg
+ -
+ title: Mathematical Analysis
+ alttext: Four mathematical symbols.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/mathematical_analysis.svg
+ -
+ title: Chemistry
+ alttext: A test tube.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/chemistry.svg
+ -
+ title: Geoscience
+ alttext: The Earth.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/geoscience.svg
+ -
+ title: Geographic Processing
+ alttext: A map.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/GIS.svg
+ -
+ title: Architecture & Engineering
+ alttext: A microprocessor development board.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/robotics.svg
+datascience:
+ intro: "NumPy lies at the core of a rich ecosystem of data science libraries. A typical exploratory data science workflow might look like:"
+ image1:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/ds-landscape.png
+ alttext: Diagram of Python Libraries. The five catagories are 'Extract, Transform, Load', 'Data Exploration', 'Data Modeling', 'Data Evaluation' and 'Data Presentation'.
+ image2:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/data-science.png
+ alttext: Diagram of three overlapping circles. The circles are labeled 'Mathematics', 'Computer Science' and 'Domain Expertise'. In the middle of the diagram, which has the three circles overlapping it, is an area labeled 'Data Science'.
+ examples:
+ -
+ text: "Extract, Transform, Load: [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Intake](https://intake.readthedocs.io), [PyJanitor](https://pyjanitor.readthedocs.io/)"
+ -
+ text: "Exploratory analysis: [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Model and evaluate: [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org), [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/index.html), [PyMC3](https://docs.pymc.io), [spaCy](https://spacy.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Report in a dashboard: [Dash](https://plotly.com/dash), [Panel](https://panel.holoviz.org), [Voila](https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila)"
+ content:
+ -
+ text: For high data volumes, [Dask](https://dask.org) and [Ray](https://ray.io/) are designed to scale. Stable deployments rely on data versioning ([DVC](https://dvc.org)), experiment tracking ([MLFlow](https://mlflow.org)), and workflow automation ([Airflow](https://airflow.apache.org) and [Prefect](https://www.prefect.io)).
+visualization:
+ images:
+ -
+ url: https://www.fusioncharts.com/blog/best-python-data-visualization-libraries
+ img: /images/content_images/v_matplotlib.png
+ alttext: A streamplot made in matplotlib
+ -
+ url: https://github.com/yhat/ggpy
+ img: /images/content_images/v_ggpy.png
+ alttext: A scatter-plot graph made in ggpy
+ -
+ url: https://www.journaldev.com/19692/python-plotly-tutorial
+ img: /images/content_images/v_plotly.png
+ alttext: A box-plot made in plotly
+ -
+ url: https://altair-viz.github.io/gallery/streamgraph.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_altair.png
+ alttext: A streamgraph made in altair
+ -
+ url: https://seaborn.pydata.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_seaborn.png
+ alttext: A pairplot of two types of graph, a plot-graph and a frequency graph made in seaborn"
+ -
+ url: https://docs.pyvista.org/examples/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_pyvista.png
+ alttext: A 3D volume rendering made in PyVista.
+ -
+ url: https://napari.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_napari.png
+ alttext: A multi-dimensionan image made in napari.
+ -
+ url: https://vispy.org/gallery/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_vispy.png
+ alttext: A Voronoi diagram made in vispy.
+ content:
+ -
+ text: NumPy is an essential component in the burgeoning [Python visualization landscape](https://pyviz.org/overviews/index.html), which includes [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Plotly](https://plot.ly), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io), [Bokeh](https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/), [Holoviz](https://holoviz.org), [Vispy](http://vispy.org), [Napari](https://github.com/napari/napari), and [PyVista](https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista), to name a few.
+ -
+ text: NumPy's accelerated processing of large arrays allows researchers to visualize datasets far larger than native Python could handle.
diff --git a/content/es/teams.md b/content/es/teams.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24455d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/teams.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Teams
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We are an international team on a mission to support scientific and research communities worldwide by building quality, open-source software. [Join us]({{< relref "/contribute" >}})!
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/maintainers.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/web-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/triage-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/survey-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/emeritus-maintainers.html" >}}
+
+# Governance
+
+For the list of people on the Steering Council, please see [here](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/people.html).
diff --git a/content/es/terms.md b/content/es/terms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a66045505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/terms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+---
+title: Terms of Use
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*Last updated January 4, 2020*
+
+
+## AGREEMENT TO TERMS
+
+These Terms of Use constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and NumPy ("**Project**", “**we**”, “**us**”, or “**our**”), concerning your access to and use of the numpy.org website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agreed to be bound by all of these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ALL OF THESE TERMS OF USE, THEN YOU ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED FROM USING THE SITE AND YOU MUST DISCONTINUE USE IMMEDIATELY.
+
+
+
+Supplemental terms and conditions or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Use at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Use, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Use to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Use by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Use are posted.
+
+
+
+The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
+
+
+## USER REPRESENTATIONS
+
+By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: (1) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Use; (2) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; and (3) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation.
+
+
+If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof).
+
+
+## PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
+
+You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available.
+
+As a user of the Site, you agree not to:
+
+1. Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
+
+2. Make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
+
+3. Use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services.
+
+4. Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site.
+
+5. Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site.
+
+6. Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
+
+7. Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
+
+8. Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
+
+9. Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site.
+
+10. Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
+
+11. Use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
+
+12. Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site.
+
+13. Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
+
+14. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
+
+15. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site.
+
+16. Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you.
+
+17. Attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site.
+
+
+## SUBMISSIONS
+
+You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site ("Submissions") provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
+
+## THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT
+
+The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites ("Third-Party Websites") as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties ("Third-Party Content"). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Use no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites.
+
+
+## SITE MANAGEMENT
+
+We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Use; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Use, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; and (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site.
+
+
+## PRIVACY POLICY
+
+We care about data privacy and security. Please review our [Privacy Policy](/privacy). By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.
+
+## TERM AND TERMINATION
+
+These Terms of Use shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF USE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION.
+
+
+## MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
+
+We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site.
+
+We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Use will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith.
+
+
+## GOVERNING LAW
+
+These Terms of Use and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State of Texas, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
+
+
+## DISPUTE RESOLUTION
+
+### Informal Negotiations
+
+To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Use (each a "Dispute" and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least thirty (30) days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party.
+
+
+### Binding Arbitration
+
+If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes ("AAA Consumer Rules"), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses. The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in Travis County, Texas. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator.
+
+If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in Travis County, Texas, and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non conveniens with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Use.
+
+In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than one (1) years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+### Restrictions
+
+The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons.
+
+
+### Exceptions to Informal Negotiations and Arbitration
+
+The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning informal negotiations and binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+## CORRECTIONS
+
+There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice.
+
+
+## DISCLAIMER
+
+THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
+
+
+## LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
+
+IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
+
+
+## INDEMNIFICATION
+
+You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) use of the Site; (2) breach of these Terms of Use; (3) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Use; (4) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (5) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it.
+
+
+## USER DATA
+
+We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Site for the purpose of managing the performance of the Site, as well as data relating to your use of the Site. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Site. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
+
+
+## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
+
+Visiting the Site, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Site, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE SITE. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
+
+
+## CALIFORNIA USERS AND RESIDENTS
+
+If any complaint with us is not satisfactorily resolved, you can contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs in writing at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834 or by telephone at (800) 952-5210 or (916) 445-1254.
+
+
+## MISCELLANEOUS
+
+These Terms of Use and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site or in respect to the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Use operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Use is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Use and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Use or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Use will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Use and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Use.
+
+## CONTACT US
+
+In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Site or to receive further information regarding use of the Site, please contact us at:
+
+NumFOCUS, Inc. P.O. Box 90596 Austin, TX, USA 78709 info@numfocus.org +1 (512) 222-5449
+
+
+
diff --git a/content/es/user-survey-2020.md b/content/es/user-survey-2020.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe431e845c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/user-survey-2020.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: 2020 NUMPY COMMUNITY SURVEY
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+In 2020, the NumPy survey team in partnership with students and faculty from a Master’s course in Survey Methodology jointly hosted by the University of Michigan and the University of Maryland conducted the first official NumPy community survey. Over 1,200 users from 75 countries participated to help us map out a landscape of the NumPy community and voiced their thoughts about the future of the project.
+
+{{< figure src="/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report_cover.png" class="fig-left" alt="Cover page of the 2020 NumPy user survey report, titled 'NumPy Community Survey 2020 - results'" width="250">}}
+
+**[Download the report](/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report.pdf)** to take a closer look at the survey findings.
+
+
+For the highlights, check out **[this infographic](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/blob/master/images/2020NumPysurveyresults_community_infographic.pdf)**.
+
+Ready for a deep dive? Visit **https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020-details/**.
+
diff --git a/content/es/user-surveys.md b/content/es/user-surveys.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89a2aa0460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/es/user-surveys.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: NUMPY USER SURVEYS
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**2020** The NumPy survey team in partnership with students and faculty from the University of Michigan and the University of Maryland conducted the first official NumPy community survey. Find the survey results [here](https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020/).
+
+**2021** The collected data is currently being analyzed.
+
+If you have any questions or suggestions for the past or future surveys, please open an issue [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/issues).
diff --git a/content/ja/404.md b/content/ja/404.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e4db85255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ja/404.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 404
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+おっとっと！ 間違った所にアクセスしているようです。
+
+何かがここにページがあるべきだと思ったら、GitHub で [issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy.org/issues) を作成してください。
diff --git a/content/ja/about.md b/content/ja/about.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca2c4f4989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ja/about.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: 私たちについて
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+_このページでは、NumPyのプロジェクトとそれを支えるコミュニティについて説明します。_
+
+NumPy は、Python で数値計算を可能にするためのオープンソースプロジェクトです。 NumPyは、NumericやNumarrayといった初期のライブラリのコードをもとに、2005年から開発が開始されました。 NumPy will always be 100% open source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the [modified BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+NumPy は 、NumPyコミュニティやより広範な科学計算用Python コミュニティとの合意のもと、GitHub 上でオープンに開発されています。 Numpyのガバナンス方法の詳細については、 [Governance Document](https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/index.html) をご覧ください。
+
+
+## 運営委員会
+
+NumPy運営委員会の役割は、NumPyのコミュニティと協力しサポートすることを通じて、技術的にもコミュニティ的にも長期的にNumPyプロジェクトを良い状態に保つことです。 NumPy運営委員会は現在以下のメンバーで構成されています (アルファベット順):
+
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Charles Harris
+- Stephan Hoyer
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Inessa Pawson
+- Matti Picus
+- Nathaniel Smith
+- Eric Wieser
+
+終身名誉委員
+
+- Travis Oliphant (プロジェクト創設者, 2005-2012)
+- Alex Griffing (2015-2017)
+- Marten van Kerkwijk (2017-2019)
+- Allan Haldane
+- Nathaniel Smith (2012-2021)
+- Julian Taylor
+- Pauli Virtanen
+- Jaime Fernández del Río
+
+
+## チーム
+
+The NumPy project is growing! 🎉 We have teams for:
+
+- コード
+- ドキュメント
+- ウェブサイト
+- トリアージ
+- survey
+- funding and grants
+
+See the [}}">Team]({{< relref) page for individual team members.
+
+## スポンサー情報
+
+- チャールズ ハリス
+- ラルフ ゴマーズ
+- メリッサ ウェーバー メンドンサ
+- セバスチャン バーグ
+- 外部メンバー: トーマス・カスウェル
+
+## パートナー団体
+
+NumPyは以下の団体から直接資金援助を受けています。
+{{< sponsors >}}
+
+
+## 寄付
+
+パートナー団体は、NumPyへの開発を仕事の一つとして、社員を雇っている団体です。 現在のパートナー団体としては、下記の通りです。 現在のパートナー団体としては、下記の通りです。
+
+- カルフォルニア大学バークレー校(ステファン・ヴァン・デル・ウォルト、セバスチャン・バーグ、ロス・バルノフスキ)
+- クアンサイト(ラルフ ゴマーズ、メリッサ ウェーバー メンドンサ、マーズ リー、マッティ ピカス、ピアウ ピーターソン)
+
+{{< partner >}}
+
+
+## 寄付
+
+NumPy があなたの仕事や研究、ビジネスで役に立った場合、できる範囲で良いので、是非、NumPyプロジェクトへの寄付を検討して頂けると助かります。 少額の寄付でも大きな助けになります。 すべての寄付は、NumPyのオープンソースソフトウェア、ドキュメント、コミュニティの開発のために使用されることが約束されています。 少額の寄付でも大きな助けになります。 すべての寄付は、NumPyのオープンソースソフトウェア、ドキュメント、コミュニティの開発のために使用されることが約束されています。
+
+NumPy は NumFOCUS にスポンサーされたプロジェクトであり、米国の 501(c)(3) 非営利の慈善団体でもあります。 NumFOCUSは、NumPyプロジェクトに財政、法務、管理面でのサポートを提供し、プロジェクトの安定と持続可能性を保つ手助けをしています。 詳細については、 [numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org) をご覧ください。
+
+NumPy への寄付は [NumFOCUS](https://numfocus.org) によって管理されています。 NumPy への寄付は [NumFOCUS](https://numfocus.org) によって管理されています。 米国の寄付提供者の場合、その人の寄付は法律によって定められる範囲で免税されます。 但し、他の寄付と同様に、あなたはあなたの税務状況について、あなたの税務担当と相談する必要があることを忘れないで下さい。 但し、他の寄付と同様に、あなたはあなたの税務状況について、あなたの税務担当と相談する必要があることを忘れないで下さい。
+
+NumPyの運営委員会は、受け取った資金をどのように使えば良いかを検討し、使用する方法について決定します. NumPyに関する技術とインフラの投資の優先順位に関しては、[NumPy Roadmap](https://www.numpy.org/neps/index.html#roadmap) に記載されています。
+{{< numfocus >}}
diff --git a/content/ja/arraycomputing.md b/content/ja/arraycomputing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45df2a55cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ja/arraycomputing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: 配列演算
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*配列演算は統計、数学、科学計算の基礎です。可視化、信号処理、画像処理、生命情報学、機械学習、人工知能など、現代のデータサイエンスやデータ分析の様々な分野で配列演算は中核を担っています。*
+
+大規模なデータ処理やデータ変換には、効率的な配列演算が重要です。 大規模なデータ処理やデータ変換には、効率的な配列演算が重要です。 データ分析や、機械学習、効率的な数値計算に最適な言語のひとつは **Python** です。
+
+**Num**erical **Py**thon: NumPyは、Pythonにおけるデファクトスタンダードなライブラリであり、大規模な多次元配列や行列、そして、それらの配列を処理する様々な分野の数学ルーチンをサポートしています。
+
+2006年にNumPyが発表されてから、2008年にPandasが登場し、その後、数年間にいくつかの配列演算関連のライブラリが次々と現れるようになりました。そこから配列演算界隈は盛り上がり始めました。 これらの新しい配列演算ライブラリの多くは、NumPyの機能や能力を模倣しており、機械学習や人工知能向けの新しいアルゴリズムや機能を持っています。 これらの新しい配列演算ライブラリの多くは、NumPyの機能や能力を模倣しており、機械学習や人工知能向けの新しいアルゴリズムや機能を持っています。
+
+
+
+**配列演算** は **配列** のデータ構造に基づいています。 *配列* は、関連する膨大なデータ群を簡単にかつ高速に、ソート、検索、変換、数学処理できるように構成されています。 *配列* は、関連する膨大なデータ群を簡単にかつ高速に、ソート、検索、変換、数学処理できるように構成されています。
+
+配列演算は *一度に* 配列のデータの複数の要素を操作するため、 * ユニーク* な処理と言えます。 これは、配列操作が一回の処理で、配列内の 全ての値に適用されることを意味しています。 このベクトル化手法は、速さと単純さという恩恵をもたらします。プログラマーはループを回して個々の要素のスカラー演算を行うことなく、データの集合を操作しコーディングすることができるのです。
diff --git a/content/ja/case-studies/blackhole-image.md b/content/ja/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b126e9ab74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ja/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "ケーススタディ：世界初のブラックホールの画像"
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/blackhole.jpg" caption="**Black Hole M87**" alt="black hole image" attr="*(Image Credits: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)*" attrk="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/universe/90410/blackhole20190410.jpg" >}}
+
+++ +## 地球の大きさの望遠鏡。 + +[ Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)](https:/eventhorizontelescope.org)は、地球サイズの解析望遠鏡を形成する8台の地上型電波望遠鏡から成るシステムで、これまでに前例のない感度と解像度で宇宙を研究することができます。 超長基線干渉法(VLBI) と呼ばれる手法を用いた巨大な仮想望遠鏡の角度分解能は、[20マイクロ秒][resolution]で、ニューヨークにある新聞をパリの歩道のカフェから読むのに十分な解像度です。 + +### 主な目標と結果 + +* **宇宙の新しい見方:** EHTの画期的な考え方の基礎が築かれたのは、100年前に [Sir Arthur Eddington][eddington]がアインシュタインの一般相対性理論に沿った最初の観測を実施したことが始まりでした。 + +* **ブラックホール:** EHTは、おとめ座銀河団のメシエ87銀河 (M87) の中心にある、地球から約5500万光年の距離にある超巨大ブラックホールを観測しました。 その質量は、太陽の65億倍です。 [100年以上](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385)に渡る研究が行われてもなお、これまでに視覚的にブラックホールを観測できたことはありませんでした。 + +* **観測と理論の比較:** 科学者たちの間で、アインシュタインの一般相対性理論から、重力による光の曲げや光の捕獲による影のような領域が観測できるのではないかと期待されていました。 これはブラックホールの巨大な質量を測定するために利用することができます。 + +### 課題 + +* **大規模な計算** + + EHTは膨大なデータ処理の課題を抱えていました。 大気の位相変動は急速で、記録帯域の幅は大きく、望遠鏡はそれぞれ異なっていて地理的にも分散しています。 + +* **大量のデータ** + + EHTは一日で350テラバイトを超える観測データを生成し、ヘリウムで満たされたハードドライブに保存しています。 この大量のデータとデータの複雑さを軽減することは非常に難しいことです。 + +* **よくわからないものを観測する** + + 今までに見たことのないものを見るのが研究の目標なら、どうやって科学者はその画像が正しいと確信することができるのでしょうか? + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/dataprocessbh.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**EHTのデータ処理パイプライン**" alt="data pipeline" align="middle" attr="(Diagram Credits: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)" attrlink="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57" >}} + +## NumPyが果たした役割 + +データに問題がある場合はどうなるでしょう？ あるいは、アルゴリズムが特定の仮定に あまりにも大きく依存しているかもしれません。 もしあるパラメータを変更した場合、画像は大きく変化するのでしょうか？ + +EHTの共同研究では、最先端の画像再構成技術を使用して、それぞれのチームがデータを評価することによって、これらの課題に対処しました。 それぞれのチームの解析結果が同じであることが証明されると、それらの結果を組み合わせることで、ブラックホール画像を得ることができました。 + +彼らの研究は、共同のデータ解析を通じて科学を進歩させる、科学的なPythonエコシステムが果たす役割を如実に表しています。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/bh_numpy_role.png" class="fig-center" alt="role of numpy" caption="**ブラックホール画像化でNumPyが果たした役割**" >}} + +例えば、 [`eht-imaging`][ehtim] というPython パッケージは VLBI データで画像の再構築をシミュレートし、実行するためのツールです。 NumPyは、以下のソフトウェア依存関係チャートで示されているように、このパッケージで使用される配列データ処理の中核を担っています。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ehtim_numpy.png" class="fig-center" alt="ehtim dependency map highlighting numpy" caption="**NumPyの中心としたehtimのソフトウェア依存図**" >}} + +NumPyだけでなく、[SciPy](https://www.scipy.org)や[Pandas](https://pandas.io)などのパッケージもブラックホール画像化におけるデータ処理パイプラインに利用されています。 天文学の標準的なファイル形式や時間/座標変換 は[Astropy][astropy]で実装され、ブラックホールの最終画像の生成を含め、解析パイプライン全体でのデータ可視化には [Matplotlib][mpl]が利用されました。 + +## まとめ + +NumPyの中心的な機能である、効率的で適用性の高いn次元配列は、研究者が大規模な数値データを操作することを可能にし、世界で初めてのブラックホールの画像化の基礎を築きました。 アインシュタインの理論に素晴らしい視覚的証拠を与えたのは、科学の画期的な瞬間だといえます。 この科学的に偉大な達成には、技術的の飛躍的な進歩だけでなく、200人以上の科学者と世界で 最高の電波観測所の間での国際協力も寄与しました。 革新的なアルゴリズムとデータ処理技術は、既存の天文学モデルを改良し、宇宙の謎を解き明かす助けになったといえます。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**利用されたNumPyの主要機能**" >}} + +[resolution]: https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole + +[eddington]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment + +[ehtim]: https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging + +[astropy]: https://www.astropy.org/ +[mpl]: https://matplotlib.org/ diff --git a/content/ja/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md b/content/ja/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..553a0fa314 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +--- +title: "ケーススタディ: クリケット分析、ゲームチェンジャー!" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ipl-stadium.png" caption="** IPLT20、インド最大のクリケットフェスティバル**" alt="Indian Premier League Cricket cup and stadium" attr="*(Image credits: IPLT20 (cup and logo) & Akash Yadav (stadium))*" attrlink="https://unsplash.com/@aksh1802" >}} + +M87ブラックホールを画像化することは、見ることのできないものを、あえて見ようとするようなものです。
+ +
++ +## クリケットについて + +インド人はクリケットが大好きだと言っても過言ではないでしょう。 この競技は、他のスポーツと異なり、インドの農村部や都市部を問わず、あらゆる場所でプレイされており、若者から年配の方まで広く人気があり、インドでは何十億人もの人々を結びつける役割を担っています。 クリケットは多くのメディアの注目を集めています。 クリケットは多くのメディアの注目を集め、非常に[多額のお金](https://www.statista.com/topics/4543/indian-premier-league-ipl/)と名声がかかっています。 過去数年間、テクノロジーは文字通りクリケットの試合を変えてきました。 視聴者はストリーミングメディア、トーナメント、モバイルベースの手頃なアクセスによるライブクリケット視聴などを享受しています。 + +インドプレミアリーグ (IPL) は、2008年に設立された20チームから成るプロクリケットリーグです。 これは世界で最も参加者が多いクリケットイベントの1つで、2019年の市場規模は[67億ドル](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League)だと評価されています。 + +クリケットは数のゲームです。 バッツマンによってスコアされたランの数、ボウラーによって取られたウィケットの数、クリケットチームによって獲得した試合の数、バッツマンがボウリング攻撃に特定の方法で応答する回数。 クリケットの数字を掘り下げてパフォーマンスを向上させるとともに、NumPyなどの数値計算ソフトウェアを利用した強力な分析ツールを介して、クリケットのビジネスチャンス、市場全体、経済性を研究することは、大きな意味を持ちます。 クリケット分析は、試合に関する興味深い洞察と、ゲームの結果に関する予測AIを提供します。 + +現在では、クリケットゲームの記録と 利用可能な統計データは豊富で、ほぼ無限の宝の山だと言えます。 : [ESPN cricinfo や](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html) [cricsheet](https://cricsheet.org). これらのクリケットデータベースは、最新の機械学習と予測モデリングアルゴリズムを使用して、 [クリケット 分析](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336886516_Data_visualization_and_toss_related_analysis_of_IPL_teams_and_batsmen_performances) に使用されています。 メディアやプロスポーツ団体のエンターテインメントプラットフォームは、技術や分析を利用し、試合勝率を向上させるために、下記のような要素が主要なメトリックだと考え始めています。 + +* バッティング成績の移動平均 +* スコア予測 +* プレイヤーの体力や、異なる相手に対するパフォーマンスについての洞察 +* チーム構成に戦略的な決定を下すための、各勝敗へのプレイヤーの貢献 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/cricket-pitch.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="** フィールドのフォーカルポイントとなるクリケットピッチ**" alt="A cricket pitch with bowler and batsmen" align="middle" attr="*(Image credit: Debarghya Das)*" attrlink="http://debarghyadas.com/files/IPLpaper.pdf" >}} + +### データ分析の主要な目標 + +* スポーツデータ分析はクリケットだけでなく、チーム全体のパフォーマンスを向上させ、勝利率を最大限に高めるために、 [他のスポーツ](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx)でも使用されています。 +* リアルタイムデータ分析は、ゲーム中の洞察を得ることができ、チームや関連ビジネスが経済的利益と成長のために戦術を変更するためも役立ちます。 +* 履歴分析に加えて、予測モデルは可能性のある結果を求めることができますが、かなりの数のナンバークランチングとデータサイエンスのノウハウ、可視化ツール、および分析に新しい観測データを含める機能などが必要になります。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/player-pose-estimator.png" class="fig-center" alt="pose estimator" caption="**クリケットの姿勢推定**" attr="*(Image credit: connect.vin)*" attrlink="https://connect.vin/2019/05/ai-for-cricket-batsman-pose-analysis/" >}} + +### 課題 + +* **データのクリーニングと前処理** + + IPLは、クリケットを古典的なテストマッチ形式から、はるかに大規模に拡大させました。 毎シーズン、様々なフォーマットで行われる試合の数は増加しており、データ、アルゴリズム、最新のスポーツデータ分析技術、シミュレーションモデルも増加しています。 クリケットのデータ分析には、フィールドマッピング、プレイヤートラッキング、ボールトラッキング、プレイヤーショット分析、およびボールがどのように動くのか、その角度、スピン、速度、軌道など、他の沢山の種類のデータを必要とします。 これらの要因により、データクリーニングと前処理の複雑さが増してしまいました。 + +* **動的モデリング** + + クリケットでは、他のスポーツと同様、フィールド上の選手の様々な数字を追跡するために、関連する変数の数が多くなってしまいがちです。 たとえば、ボールやその属性情報、およびいくつかの行動をとるアクションのいくつかの可能性などの変数です。 データ分析とモデリングの複雑さは、分析中に必要となる予測のための質問の種類に正比例しており、データ表現とモデルにも大きく依存しています。 バッツマンが異なる角度や速度でボールを打った場合に何が起こるのかのような、動的なクリケットのプレーの予測が必要な場合、計算量やデータ比較が更に困難になります。 + +* **予測分析の複雑さ** + + クリケットにおいて、意思決定の多くは「ボウラーがある特定のタイプの場合、打者はどのくらいの頻度で特定の種類のショットを打つのか」「バッツマンが特定の方法であるボウラーに反応した場合、ボウラーはどのようにラインと長さを変更するのか 」などの質問に基づいています。 この種の予測分析クエリでは、精度の良いデータセットが利用できることと、データを合成して高精度な生成モデルを作成できることが必要とされます。 + +## クリケット解析におけるNumPyの役割 + +スポーツ分析は現在、非常に盛んな分野です。 多くの研究者や企業は、最新の機械学習やAI技術以外にも、NumPyや、Scikit-learn, SciPy, Matplotlib, Jupyterなどの他のPyDataパッケージを[使っています](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx)。 NumPyは以下のように、クリケット関連の様々なスポーツ分析に使用されています。 + +* **統計分析:** NumPyの数値計算機能は、様々なプレイヤーやゲーム戦術のコンテキストでの観測データで、試合中のイベントの統計的有意性を推定し、生成モデルや静的モデルと比較して試合結果を推定するのに役立ちます。 [因果分析](https://amplitude.com/blog/2017/01/19/causation-correlation) と [ビッグデータアプローチ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996805/)が戦術的分析に使用されています。 + +* **Data Visualization:** Data graphing and [visualization](https://towardsdatascience.com/advanced-sports-visualization-with-pandas-matplotlib-and-seaborn-9c16df80a81b) provide useful insights into relationship between various datasets. + +## まとめ + +スポーツアナリティクスは、プロの試合についてはまさにゲームチェンジャーです。 特に戦略的な意思決定については、最近まで主に「直感」や過去の伝統的な考え方に基づいて行われていたため、大きな影響があります。 NumPyは、データ分析・機械学習・人工知能のアルゴリズムに関連する高レベル関数を提供する沢山のPythonパッケージ群の、堅固な基盤となっています。 これらのパッケージは、ゲームの結果を変えるような意思決定を支援するリアルタイムのインサイトを得るため、クリケットの試合だけでなく関連する推論やビジネスの推進にも広く使用されています。 クリケットの試合結果につながる隠れたパラメータや、パターン、属性を見つけることは、ステークホルダーが数字や統計に隠されているゲームの洞察方法を見つけるのにも役に立つのです。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_ca_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="クリケット分析にNumPyを使用するメリットを示す図" caption="** 利用されている主なNumPy機能 **" >}} diff --git a/content/ja/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md b/content/ja/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2174db2e54 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +--- +title: "ケーススタディ: DeepLabCut 三次元姿勢推定" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/mice-hand.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLapCutを用いたマウスの手の動きの解析 **" alt="micehandanim" attr="*(Source: www.deeplabcut.org )*" attrlink="http://www.mousemotorlab.org/deeplabcut">}} + +観客のために競技をするのではなく、国のために競技するのです。
+ +
++ +## DeepLabCut について + +[DeepLabCut](https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut)は、ごくわずかなトレーニングデータで人間レベルの精度で実験動物の行動を追跡可能にするオープンソースのツールボックスです。 DeepLabCutの技術を使うことで、科学者は動物の種類と時系列のデータをもとに、運動制御と行動に関する科学的な理解を深めることができるようになりました。 + +神経科学、医学、生体力学などのいくつかの研究分野では、動物の動きを追跡したデータを使用しています。 DeepLabCutは、動画に記録された動きを解析することで、人間やその他の動物が何をしているのかを理解することができます。 タグ付けや監視などの、手間のかかる作業を自動化し、深層学習ベースのデータ解析を実施します。 DeepLabCutは、霊長類、マウス、魚、ハエなどの動物を観察する科学研究をより速く正確にしています。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/race-horse.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**色のついた点は競走馬の体の位置を追跡**" alt="horserideranim" attr="*(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)*">}} + +DeepLabCutは、動物の姿勢を抽出することで非侵襲的な行動追跡を行います。 これは、生体力学、遺伝学、倫理学、神経科学などの分野での研究に必要不可欠です。 動的に変化する背景の中で、動物の姿勢をビデオデータから非侵襲的に測定することは、技術的にも、必要な計算リソースやトレーニングデータの点でも、非常に困難な計算処理です。 + +DeepLabCutは、研究者が対象の姿勢を推定し、Pythonベースのソフトウェアを使って効率的に対象の行動を定量化することを可能にします。 DeepLabCutを使用すると、研究者は動画から異なるフレームを識別し、数十個のフレームの特定の身体部位を、よくできたGUIによってラベルづけできます。 すると、DeepLabCutの深層学習ベースのポーズ推定アーキテクチャにより、動画の残りの部分や動物の他の類似した動画から同じ特徴を抽出する方法を学習できます。 ハエやマウスなどの一般的な実験動物から [チーター][cheetah-movement]のようなより珍しい動物まで、動物の種類を問わず利用できます。 + +DeepLabCutでは[転移学習](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11229)という技術を使用しています。 これにより必要な学習データの量を大幅に削減し、学習の収束を加速させることができます。 必要に応じて、より高速な推論を提供するさまざまなネットワークアーキテクチャ(MobileNetV2など)を選択することができ、リアルタイムの実験データフィードバックと組み合わせることもできます。 DeepLabCutはもともと[DeeperCut](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03170)と呼ばれるパフォーマンスのよい人用のポーズ推定アーキテクチャの特徴検出器を使用しており、これが名前の由来になりました。 今ではこのパッケージは大幅に変更され、追加のアーキテクチャ・データの水増し・一通りのユーザー用フロントエンドを含んでいます。 さらに、 大規模な生物学的実験をサポートするため、DeepLabCutはオンライン学習の機能を提供しています。 これにより、動画の時間をこえて学習データを増やすことができ、エッジケースをカバーしたり、特定のコンテキスト内でポーズ推定アルゴリズムを堅牢にしたりできます。 + +最近、[DeepLabCut model zoo](http://www.mousemotorlab.org/dlc-modelzoo)が発表されました。 これは、霊長類の顔分析から犬の姿勢まで、様々な種や実験条件に対応した事前訓練済みモデルを提供しています。 これにより、例えば、新しいデータのラベルを付けることなくクラウドで予測を実行することができたり、ニューラルネットワークの学習を実行することができます。 プログラミング経験は必要ありません。 + +### 主な目標と結果 + +* **科学研究のための動物姿勢解析の自動化:** + + DeepLabCutという技術の主な目的は、多様な環境で動物の姿勢を測定し追跡することです。 このデータは例えば神経科学の研究において、脳がどのように運動を制御しているかを理解するためのや、動物がどのように社会的に交流しているかを明らかにするために利用することができます。 研究者はDeepLabCutで [10倍のパフォーマンス向上](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457242v1) が可能であると発表しています。 オフラインでは最大1200フレーム/秒(FPS) で姿勢を推定することができます。 + +* **姿勢推定のための使いやすいPythonツールキットの作成:** + + DeepLabCutは、動物の姿勢推定技術を研究者が簡単に利用できるツールとして共有したいという考えから開発されています。 そこで開発者らはプロジェクト管理機能を備えた、単独で機能し、使いやすいPythonツールボックスとしてこのツールを作成しました。 これにより、姿勢推定を自動化するだけでなく、DeepLabCutツールキットユーザーをデータセット収集段階から共有可能・再利用可能な分析パイプラインを作成する段階まで補助し、プロジェクトをエンドツーエンドで管理することも可能になりました。 + + この[ツールキット][DLCToolkit] はオープンソースとして利用できます。 + + 典型的なDeepLabCutワークフローは以下のようになります。 + + - オンライン学習によるトレーニングセットの作成と調整 + - 特定の動物やシナリオに合わせたニューラルネットワークの構築 + - 動画における大規模推論のためのコード作成 + - 統合された可視化ツールを使用した推論の描画 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-toolkit-steps.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**DeepLabCutによる姿勢推定のステップ**" alt="dlcsteps" align="middle" attr="(Source: DeepLabCut)" attrlink="https://twitter.com/DeepLabCut/status/1198046918284210176/photo/1" >}} + +### 課題 + +* **速度** + + 動物行動動画の高速な処理は、動物の行動を測定し、科学実験をより効率的で正確にするために重要です。 動的に変化する背景の中で、マーカーを使用せずに、実験室での実験のために動物の詳細な姿勢を抽出することは、技術的にも、必要なリソース的にも、必要なトレーニングデータの面でも、困難な場合があります。 科学者が、より現実的な状況で研究を行うために、コンピュータビジョンなどの専門知識のスキルを必要とせずに使うことができるツールを開発することは、解決すべき重要な問題です。 + +* **組み合わせ問題** + + 組合せ問題とは、複数の四肢の動きを個々の動物行動に統合することを指します。 キーポイントと、その個々の動物行動との関連性を組み合わせ、時間的に結びつけることは、複雑なプロセスであり、非常に膨大な数値解析が必要となります。 特に、実験映像の中で複数の動物の動きを追跡する場合は大変です。 + +* **データ処理** + + 最後に、配列の操作もかなり難しい問題です。 様々な画像や、目標のテンソル、キーポイントに対応する大きな配列のスタックを処理しなければならないからです。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/pose-estimation.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**姿勢推定の多様性と難しさ**" alt="challengesfig" align="middle" attr="(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)" attrlink="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/476531v1.full.pdf" >}} + +## 姿勢推定の課題に対応するためのNumPyの役割 + +NumPy は DeepLabCutにおける、行動分析の高速化のための数値計算の核となっています。 NumPyだけでなく、DeepLabCutは様々なNumPyをベースとしているPythonライブラリを利用しています。 [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org)、[Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org)、[matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org)、[Tensorpack](https://github.com/tensorpack/tensorpack), [imgaug](https://github.com/aleju/imgaug)、[scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/)、[scikit-image](https://scikit-image.org)、[Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org)などです。 + +以下に挙げるNumPyの特徴が、DeepLabCutの姿勢推定アルゴリズムでの画像処理・組み合わせ処理・高速計算において、重要な役割を果たしました。 + +* ベクトル化 +* マスクされた配列操作 +* 線形代数 +* ランダムサンプリング +* 大きな配列の再構成 + +DeepLabCutは、ツールキットが提供するワークフローを通じてNumPyの配列機能を利用しています。 特に、NumPyはヒューマンアノテーションのラベル付けや、アノテーションの書き込み、編集、処理のために、特定のフレームをサンプリングするために使用されています。 TensorFlowを使ったニューラルネットワークは、DeepLabCutの技術によって何千回も訓練され、 フレームから真のアノテーション情報を予測します。 この目的のため、姿勢推定問題を画像-画像変換問題として変換する目標密度(スコアマップ) を作成します。 ニューラルネットワークのロバスト化のため、データの水増しを使用していますが、このためには幾何学・画像的処理を施したスコアマップの計算を行うことが必要になります。 また学習を高速化するため、NumPyのベクトル化機能が利用されています。 推論には、目標のスコアマップから最も可能性の高い予測値を抽出し、効率的に「予測値をリンクさせて個々の動物を組み立てる」ことが必要になります。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-workflow.png" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLabCutのワークフロー**" alt="workflow" attr="*(Source: Mackenzie Mathis)*" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DeepLabCut-work-flow-The-diagram-delineates-the-work-flow-as-well-as-the-directory-and_fig1_329185962">}} + +## まとめ + +行動を観察し、効率的に表現することは、現代倫理学、神経科学、医学、工学の根幹です。 [DeepLabCut](http://orga.cvss.cc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NathMathis2019.pdf) により、研究者は対象の姿勢を推定し、行動を効率的に定量化できるようになりました。 DeepLabCutというPythonツールボックスを使えば、わずかな学習画像のセットでニューラルネットワークを人間レベルのラベリング精度で学習することができ、実験室での行動分析だけでなく、スポーツ、歩行分析、医学、リハビリテーション研究などへの応用が可能になります。 DeepLabCutアルゴリズムに必要な複雑な組み合わせ処理やデータ処理の問題を、NumPyの配列操作機能が解決しています。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_dlc_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**NumPyの主要機能**" >}} + +[cheetah-movement]: https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/interview-a-deeper-cut-into-behavior-with-mackenzie-mathis-327618 + +[DLCToolkit]: https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut diff --git a/content/ja/case-studies/gw-discov.md b/content/ja/case-studies/gw-discov.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..98197a74e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/case-studies/gw-discov.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +--- +title: "ケーススタディ: 重力波の発見" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="**重力波**" alt="binary coalesce black hole generating gravitational waves" attr="*(Image Credits: The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) Project at LIGO)*" attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o" >}} + +オープンソースソフトウェアは生体臨床医学を加速させています。 DeepLabCut を使用すると、深層学習を使用して動物の行動を自動的にビデオ解析することができます。
+ +
++ +## [重力波](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/what-are-gravitational-waves-ligo-astronomy-science/) と [LIGO](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) について + +重力波は、空間と時間の基本構造の波紋です。 2つのブラックホールの衝突や合体、2連星や超新星の合体など、大きな変動現象によって生成されます。 重力波の観測は、重力を研究する上で重要なだけでなく、遠い宇宙におけるいくつかの不明瞭な現象と、その影響を理解するためにも役立ちます。 + +\[レーザー干渉計重力波天文台(LIGO)\](https://www. ligo. caltech. edu)は、アインシュタインの一般相対性理論によって予測された重力波の直接検出を通して、重力波天体物理学の分野を切り開くために設計されました。 It comprises two widely separated interferometers within the United States — one in Hanford, Washington and the other in Livingston, Louisiana — operated in unison to detect gravitational waves. それぞれのシステムには、レーザー干渉法を用いた数キロ規模の重力波検出器が設置されています。 LIGO Scientific Collaboration（LSC）は、米国をはじめとする14カ国の大学から1000人以上の科学者が集まり、90以上の大学・研究機関によって支援されています。 また、約250人の学生も参加しています。 今回のLIGOの発見は、重力波が地球を通過する際に生じる空間と時間の微小な乱れの測定により、重力波そのものを初めて観測しました。 これにより、新しい天体物理学のフロンティアが開かれました。 これは、宇宙の歪んだ側面、つまり歪んだ時空から作られた物体とそれに現象を切り拓くものです。 + + +### 主な目的 + +* LIGOの[ミッション](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-ligo)は、宇宙で最も激しくエネルギーに満ちたプロセスからの重力波を検出することですが、LIGOが収集するデータは、重力、相対性理論、天体物理学、宇宙論、素粒子物理学、原子核物理学など、物理学の多くの分野に広く影響を与える可能性があります。 +* 複雑な数学を含む相対性理論の数値計算によって観測データを解析し、信号とノイズを識別し、関連性のある信号をフィルタリングし、観測データの有意性を統計的に推定することで、宇宙の始まりのクランチを観測できるようになります。 +* バイナリや数値の結果を理解しやすいようにデータを可視化することも必要です。 + + + +### 課題 + +* **計算** + + 合成により放出される重力波は、スーパーコンピュータを用いて数値相対性を手あたり次第に試すような方法では計算できません。 LIGOが収集するデータ量は、重力波の信号が少ないのと同じくらい不可解です。 + +* **データの氾濫** + + 観測装置がより高感度で信頼性を持つようになると、データの大洪水によって、干し草の中から針を探すような問題が、多重に発生することがわかります。 LIGOは毎日テラバイトのデータを生成しているのです！ この大量のデータを解釈するには、各検出ごとに多大な労力が必要です。 例えば、LIGOによって収集される信号は、数十万個の重力波シグネチャのテンプレートで構成されており、スーパーコンピュータでしか解析できません。 + +* **可視化** + + アインシュタイン方程式を元にスーパーコンピュータでデータを解析できるようになったら、次はデータを人間の脳で理解できるようにしなければなりません。 シミュレーションのモデリングや信号の検出には、わかりやすい可視化技術が必要です。 画像処理やシミュレーションによって、解析結果をより多くの人に理解してもらえる状態になる前の段階において、可視化は、数値相対性を十分に重要視していなかった純粋な科学愛好家の目に、数値相対性が、より信頼性の高いものとして映るようにするという役割も果たしています。 複雑な計算と描画を行い、また最新の実験結果と洞察に基づいてシミュレーションと再描画を行う作業は時間のかかるもので、この分野の研究者にとっての課題です。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude.png" class="fig-center" alt="gravitational waves strain amplitude" caption="**GW150914から推定される重力波の歪みの振幅**" attr="(**Graph Credits:** Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, ResearchGate Publication)" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger" >}} + +## 重力波の検出におけるNumPyの役割 + +合成により放出される重力波は、スーパーコンピュータを用いたブルートフォースの数値相対性処理以外の手法では計算できません。 重力波は非常に小さい効果を生み、物質と微小な相互作用を持つため、検出が困難です。 LIGOのすべてのデータを処理・分析するには、膨大な計算インフラが必要です。 信号の数十億倍のノイズを除去した後も、非常に複雑な相対性理論の方程式と膨大な量のデータがあり、計算上の課題となっています。 + +Python用の標準的な数値解析パッケージNumPyは、LIGOの重力波検出プロジェクトで実行される様々なタスクに使用されるソフトウェアで利用されています。 NumPyは、複雑な数学処理や高速なデータ操作に役立ちました。 次にいくつかの例を示します。 + +* [信号処理](https://www.uv.es/virgogroup/Denoising_ROF.html): グリッジ検出、[ノイズ同定とデータ判定](https://ep2016.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/pyhton-in-gravitational-waves-research-communities.pdf) (NumPy, scikit-learn, scipy, matplotlib, pandas, pyCharm)。 +* データ取得: どのデータが解析できるかを決定し、干し草の中の針のような信号が入っているかどうかを突き止める。 +* 統計解析: 観測データの統計的有意性を推定し、モデルとの比較により信号パラメータ（星の質量、スピン速度、距離など）を推定する。 +* データ可視化 + - 時系列データ + - スペクトログラム +* 相関計算 +* 重力波データ解析のために開発された[ソフトウェア群](https://github.com/lscsoft): [GwPy](https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html)や [PyCBC](https://pycbc.org)は、NumPyやAstroPyを用いて、重力波検出器データを研究するためのユーティリティー・ツール・関数へのオブジェクト指向インターフェースを提供しています。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gwpy-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gwpy-numpy depgraph" caption="**GwPyのNumPy依存グラフ**" >}} + +---- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/PyCBC-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="PyCBC-numpy depgraph" caption="**PyCBCのNumPy依存グラフ**" >}} + +## まとめ + +一方で、これまで知られてきた深遠な天体物理学の現象に、多くに新たな洞察を提供しました。 数値処理とデータの可視化は、科学者が科学的な観測から収集したデータについての洞察を得て、その結果を理解するのに役立つ重要なステップです。 しかし、その計算は複雑であり、実際の観測データと分析を用いたコンピュータシミュレーションを用いて可視化されない限り、人間が理解することはできませんでした。 NumPyは、matplotlib・pandas・scikit-learnなどのPythonパッケージとともに、研究者が複雑な質問に答え、私たちの宇宙に対するの理解において、新しい地平を発見することを[可能にしています](https://www.gw-openscience.org/events/GW150914/)。 + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**利用されたNumPyの主要機能**" >}} diff --git a/content/ja/citing-numpy.md b/content/ja/citing-numpy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9696c6e4d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/citing-numpy.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +--- +title: NumPy を引用する場合 +sidebar: false +--- + +もしあなたの研究においてNumPyが重要な役割を果たし、論文でこのプロジェクトについて言及したい場合は、こちらの論文を引用して下さい。 + +* Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J. et al. _Array programming with NumPy_. Nature 585, 357–362 (2020). DOI: [10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2). ([リンク](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2)). + +_BibTeX形式:_ + + ``` +@Article{ harris2020array, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and St{'{e}}fan J. + van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and Pauli Virtanen and David + Cournapeau and Eric Wieser and Julian Taylor and Sebastian + Berg and Nathaniel J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus + and Stephan Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew + Brett and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{'{a}}ndez del + R{'{\i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and Pierre + G{'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and Tyler Reddy and + Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi and Christoph Gohlke and + Travis E. Oliphant}, + year = {2020}, + month = sep, + journal = {Nature}, + volume = {585}, + number = {7825}, + pages = {357--362}, + doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, + publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2} +} +``` diff --git a/content/ja/code-of-conduct.md b/content/ja/code-of-conduct.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a05fd397a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/code-of-conduct.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: NumPy行動規範 +sidebar: false +aliases: + - /conduct.html +--- + +### はじめに + +この行動規範は、NumPy プロジェクトによって管理されるすべての場所で適用されます。この場所とは、すべてのパブリックおよびプライベートのメーリングリスト、イシュートラッカー、Wiki、ブログ、Twitter、コミュニティで使用されているその他の通信チャンネルなどを含みます。 NumPy プロジェクトでは対面でのイベントは開催していません。しかし、我々のコミュニティに関連するものであれば、対面のイベントでも同様の行動規範を持つ必要があります。 + +この行動規範は、NumPy コミュニティに正式または非公式に参加するすべての人が順守する必要があります。その他にも、NumPyとの提携・関連するプロジェクト活動においては、特にそれらのプロジェクトを代表する場合、同様の行動規範に従う必要があります。 + +この行動規範は完全ではありません。 しかし、行動規範は我々が理解すべき、互いの協力の仕方や、共通の場所のあるべき姿、我々のゴールなどをまとめるのに重要な役目を果たします。 フレンドリーで生産的な環境を生み出し、周囲のコミュニティにより良い影響を与えるため、ぜひこの行動規範に従ってください。 + +### ガイドラインの概要 + +私たちは下記の内容に真摯に取り組みます。 + +1. 開けたコミュニティにしましょう。 私たちは、誰でもコミュニティに参加できるようにします。 私たちは、公にすべきではない内容を議論する場合以外、プロジェクトに関連するメッセージを公の場で告知することを選びます。 これは、NumPyに関するヘルプやプロジェクトサポートにも適用されます。公式なサポートだけでなく、NumPyに関する質問に答える場合もです。 これにより、質問に答えた際の意図しない間違いを、より簡単に検出し、訂正できるようになります。 +2. 共感し、歓迎し、友好的で、そして我慢強くありましょう。 私たちは互いに争いを解決し合い、互いの善意を信じ合います。 私たちは時折り不満を感じるかもしれません。しかしそのような場合も、不満を個人的な攻撃に変えることは許容されません。 人々が不快や脅威を感じるコミュニティは、生産的ではないからです。 +3. 互いに協力し合おう。 私たちの開発成果は他の人々によって利用され、一方で、たちは他の人々の開発成果に依存しているのです。 私たちがプロジェクトために何かを作るとき、私たちはそれがどのように動作するかを他の人に説明する必要があります。しかし、この作業により、より良いものを作り上げることができるのです。 私たちが下す全ての決断は、ユーザと開発コミュニティに影響を与えうるし、その決断がもたらす結果を私たちは真摯に受け止めます。 +4. 好奇心を大事にしよう。 好奇心を大事にしよう。 全てを知っている人はいないのです！ 早め早めに質問をすることで、後に生じうる多くの問題を回避できます。そのため私たちは質問を奨励しています。もっとも、その質問に対して、適切なフォーラムを紹介する場合もありますが。 私たちは、出来るだけ質問に良く対応し、手助けできるよう努力します。 早め早めに質問をすることで、後に生じうる多くの問題を回避できます。そのため私たちは質問を奨励しています。もっとも、その質問に対して、適切なフォーラムを紹介する場合もありますが。 私たちは、出来るだけ質問に良く対応し、手助けできるよう努力します。 +5. 使う言葉に注意しましょう。 私たちは、コミュニティにおけるコミュニケーションに注意と敬意を払います。そして、私たちは自分の言葉に責任を持ちます。 他人に優しくしましょう。 他のコミュニティの参加者を侮辱しないでください。 私たちは、以下のようなハラスメントやその他の排斥行為を許しません。: + * 他の人に向けられた暴力的な行為や言葉。 + * 性差別や人種差別、その他の差別的なジョークや言動。 + * 性的または暴力的な内容の投稿。 + * 他のユーザーの個人情報を投稿すること。(または投稿すると脅すこと)。 + * 公開目的のない電子メールや、ICRチャットのようなログの残らないフォーラムの履歴など、プライベートなコンテンツを送信者の同意なしに共有すること。 + * 個人的な侮辱, 特に人種差別や性差別的な用語を使用して侮辱すること。 + * 不快な思いをさせる性的な言動。 + * 過度に粗暴に振る舞うこと。 ひどいな言葉を使うのを避けてください。 人々は怒りを覚える感度が、それぞれ大きく異なります。 + * 他人に対するハラスメントの繰り返し。 一般的に、誰かがあなたにある言動を止めるように要求した場合、その言動をやめて下さい。 + * 上記のいずれかの行動を擁護すること、または奨励すること。 + +### 多様性に関する声明 + +NumPyプロジェクトは、全ての人々の参加を歓迎しています。 私たちは、誰もがコミュニティの一員であることを楽しめるように尽力します。 全ての人の好みを満足はさせられないかもしれませんが、全員に対し出来るだけ親切な対応ができるよう最善を尽くします。 私たちは、誰もがコミュニティの一員であることを楽しめるように尽力します。 全ての人の好みを満足はさせられないかもしれませんが、全員に対し出来るだけ親切な対応ができるよう最善を尽くします。 + +あなたの自己認識や、他者のあなたへの認識は関係ありません。私たちはあなたを歓迎します。 完璧なリストは望むべくもありませんが、私たちは行動規範に反しない限り、下記の多様性を尊重すると明言します: 年齢、文化。 民族、遺伝、性同一性あるいは関連する表現、言語、国籍、神経学的な差異、生物学的な差異、 政治的信条、職業、人種、宗教、性的指向、社会経済的地位、文化的な差異、技術的な能力。 + +私たちはすべての種類の言語言語話者の参加を歓迎しますが、NumPy 開発は英語で行われます。 + +NumPy コミュニティの標準的なルールは、上記の行動規範で説明されています。 NumPyコミュニティの参加者は、これらの行動基準をすべてのコミュニケーションにおいて順守し、他の人々にも同様な行動をすることを推奨すべきです (次のセクションを参照)。 + +### 報告ガイドライン + +私たちは、インターネット上でのやりとりが簡単にひどい誹謗中傷に陥ってしまうことを、痛いほど知っています. 私たちはまた、嫌な日を過ごしてむしゃくしゃしている人や、行動規範ガイドラインの項目を見落としている人がいることも知っています。 行動規範の違反にどのように対処するかを決定する際には、このことを心に留めておく必要があります。 行動規範の違反にどのように対処するかを決定する際には、このことを心に留めておく必要があります。 + +意図的な行動規範違反については、行動規範委員会に報告してください (下記参照)。 もし、違反が意図的でない可能性がある場合、その人にこの行動規範の存在を知らせることも可能です (パブリックでもプライベートでも、適切な方法で)。 もし直接指摘したくない場合は、ぜひ、行動規範委員会に直接連絡するか、違反の確度について助言を求めて下さい。 + +NumPy行動規範委員会に問題を報告する場合は、こちらにご連絡下さい: numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com。 + +現在、行動規範委員会は以下のメンバーで構成されています: + +* Stefan van der Walt +* Melissa Weber Mendonça +* Anirudh Subramanian + +もしあなたの違反報告に委員会のメンバーが含まれている場合, または彼らがそれを処理する上で利益相反をしていると感じる場合、そのメンバーはあなたの報告を評価する立場からは辞退してもらいます。 もしくは、行動規範委員会に報告するのが躊躇われる場合は、こちらからNumFOCUSのシニアスタッフに連絡することも可能です:[conduct@numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org/code-of-conduct#persons-responsible) 。 + +### インシデント報告の解決 & 行動規範の実施 + +本節では、_最も重要な点のみをまとめます。_詳細については、[NumPy Code of Conduct - How to follow up on a report](/report-handling-manual) をご覧ください。 + +私たちはすべての訴えを調査し、対応するようにします。 NumPy行動規範委員会およびNumPy運営委員会(もし関係する場合) は、報告者の身元を保護します。 また(報告者が同意しない限り) 苦情の内容を機密として扱うこととします。 + +もし深刻で明らかな違反の場合、例えば、 個人的な脅し、または暴力的、性差別的または人種差別的な発言などの場合、我々は直ちにNumPyのコミュニケーションの場から発言者を退場させます。詳細についてはマニュアルを参照してください。 + +もし、行動規範に対して明白な違反がみられない場合、受領された行動規範違反報告に対するプロセスは以下の通りです。 + +1. 報告書の受領を確認 +2. 建設的な議論/フィードバック +3. 調停（報告者と報告を受けたものの両方がフィードバックが役に立たなかったと同意した場合に限る） +4. 行動規範委員会による透明性のある決定と執行( [決議](/report-handling-manual#resolutions)を参照) + +行動規範委員会は、可能な限り速やかに対応し、最大で72時間以内に対応する様にします。 + +### 文末脚注: + +私たちは下記のドキュメントを作成したグループに感謝します。内容・発想ともに大いに影響されています。 + +- [SciPy行動規範](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html) diff --git a/content/ja/community.md b/content/ja/community.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d1462b8210 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/community.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: コミュニティ +sidebar: false +--- + +NumPy is a community-driven open source project developed by a diverse group of [contributors](/teams/). Numpy を主導するグループは、オープンで協力的でポジティブなコミュニティを作ることを、約束しました。 [NumPy 行動規範](/code-of-conduct) をぜひ参照してください。コミュニティの繁栄につながるようなかたちで、人々と交流する方法について書いてあります。 + +私たちは、NumPyコミュニティ内で学んだり、知識を共有したり、他の人と交流するためのいくつかのコミュニケーション方法を提供しています。 + + +## オンラインで参加する方法 + +Numpy プロジェクトやコミュニティと直接交流する方法は次の通りです。 NumPy プロジェクトやコミュニティと直接交流する方法は次の通りです。 _重要: 私たちはユーザとコミュニティメンバーに互いにNumPyの使い方の質問に関して助言し合って欲しいと思っています。 - 参照[サポート](/gethelp)._ + + +### [NumPyメーリングリスト：](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) + +このメーリングリストは、NumPy に新しい機能を追加するなど、より長い期間の議論のための主なコミュニケーションの場です。 NumPyのRoadmapに変更を加えたり、プロジェクト全体での意思決定を行います。 このメーリングリストでは、リリース、開発者会議、スプリント、カンファレンストークなど、NumPy についてのアナウンスなどにも利用されます。 このメーリングリストでは、リリース、開発者会議、スプリント、カンファレンストークなど、Numpy についてのアナウンスなどにも利用されます。 + +このメーリングリストでは、一番下のメールを使用し、メーリングリストに返信して下さい( 他の送信者ではなく)。 また、自動送信のメールには返信しないでください。 A searchable archive of this list is available [here](https://mail.python.org/archives/list/numpy-discussion@python.org/). + +*** + +### [GitHub イシュートラッカー](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) + +- バグレポート（例：”`np.arange(3).shape` returns `(5,)`, when it should return `(3,)`"); +- ドキュメントの問題 (例: "I find this section unclear"); +- 機能追加リクエスト (例: "I would like to have a new interpolation method in `np.percentile`"). + +_ちなみに、セキュリティの脆弱性を報告するには、GitHubのイシュートラッカーは適切な場所ではないことに注意してください。 NumPy でセキュリティ上の脆弱性を発見したと思われる場合は、 [こちら](https://tidelift.com/docs/security) から報告してください。 NumPy でセキュリティ上の脆弱性を発見したと思われる場合は、 [こちら](https://tidelift.com/docs/security) から報告してください。_ + +*** + +### [Slack](https://numpy-team.slack.com) + +SlackはNumpyに_ 貢献するための質問をする_、リアルタイムのチャットルームです。 Slackはプライベートな空間です。具体的には、 公開のメーリングリストやGitHubで質問やアイデアを持ち出すことを躊躇している人々のためのものです。 Slackに招待してもらいたい場合は[こちら](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html#contributing-to-numpy)を確認下さい。 + + +## 勉強会とミートアップ + +NumPy、データサイエンス、科学技術計算などのより広いエコシステムのためのPythonパッケージについてもっと学ぶために、ローカルのミートアップや勉強会を見つけたい場合、 [PyData ミートアップス](https://www.meetup.com/pro/pydata/) (150人以上のミートアップ、10万人以上のメンバーをまとめたもの) を調べてみるのが良いでしょう。 + +加えて、NumPy では開発チームと参加に興味があるコントリビュータのために、対面でのスプリントを時折開催しています。 この開発スプリントは通常数ヶ月に一度に開催されており、 [ メーリングリスト ](https://mail. python. org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) と [ Twitter ](https://twitter. com/numpy_team) で開催連絡されます。 + + +## カンファレンス + +Numpy プロジェクトは独自のカンファレンスは開催していません。 NumPy プロジェクトは独自のカンファレンスは開催していません。 NumPy の管理者や、コントリビュータ、ユーザーに最も人気があったカンファレンスは、SciPy および PyDataのカンファレンスです。 + +- [SciPy US](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [EuroSciPy](https://www.euroscipy.org) +- [SciPy Latin America](https://www.scipyla.org) +- [SciPy India](https://scipy.in) +- [SciPy Japan](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [PyData conference](https://pydata.org/event-schedule/) (年に15~20のイベントが様々な国で開催されています。) + +これらのカンファレンスの多くは、NumPyの使い方や関連するオープンソースプロジェクトに貢献する方法を学ぶことができるチュートリアルを開催しています。 + + +## NumPy コミュニティに参加する + +プロジェクトを成功させるために、NumPyはあなたの専門知識とプロジェクトに関する熱意を必要としています。 プログラマーではないから参加できない？ そんなことはありません！ NumPyに貢献するには、様々な方法があります。 + +もし、NumPyに貢献したい場合は、 [コントリビュート](/ja/contribute) ページをご覧いただくことをお勧めします。 + diff --git a/content/ja/config.yaml b/content/ja/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bb625af115 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +--- +languageName: 日本語 (Japanese) +params: + description: NumPyが広く利用される理由 強力な多次元配列、数値計算ツール群、相互運用性、高いパフォーマンス、オープンソース + navbarlogo: + image: logo.svg + link: /ja/ + hero: + #Main hero title + title: NumPy + #Hero subtitle (optional) + subtitle: Pythonによる科学技術計算の基礎パッケージ + #Button text + buttontext: 使い始める + #Where the main hero button links to + buttonlink: "/ja/install" + #Hero image (from static/images/___) + image: logo.svg + shell: + title: placeholder + promptlabel: 対話的なシェルプロンプト + button: + - + label: 対話的なチュートリアルシェルを有効にします。 + text: 有効化 + shellcontent: + intro: + - + title: NumPy を試す。 + text: 対話的なチュートリアルシェルを有効にします。 + loading: + - + title: しばらくお待ちください... + text: mybinder.orgでコンテナを起動しています... + docslink: ドキュメント を確認することを忘れないでください。 + casestudies: + title: ケーススタディ + features: + - + title: 世界初のブラックホール画像 + text: NumPyはどのように、SciPyやMatplotlibなどのNumPyに依存するライブラリとともに、イベントホライズンテレスコープによる世界初のブラックホール画像の作成を可能にしたのでしょうか。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/blackhole.png + alttext: 世界初のブラックホール画像。黒い背景にオレンジ色の円で描かれています。 + url: /ja/case-studies/blackhole-image + - + title: 重力波の検知 + text: 1916年、アルバート・アインシュタインは重力波を予言しました。100年後、LIGOの研究者たちはNumPyを使ってその存在を確認しました。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/gravitional.png + alttext: 2つのオーブがお互いに周回し、周りの重力を変位させています。 + url: /ja/case-studies/gw-discov + - + title: スポーツ分析 + text: クリケット分析は、統計的モデリングと予測分析によって選手やチームのパフォーマンスを向上させることで、クリケットの試合を変えようとしています。多くの分析が、NumPyにより可能になりました。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/sports.jpg + alttext: 緑のフィールド上にあるクリケットボール。 + url: /ja/case-studies/cricket-analytics + - + title: 深層学習による姿勢推定 + text: DeepLabCutはNumPyを利用し、種族・時間スケールによらない運動制御の理解へ向け、動物の行動観察を含む科学技術研究を加速しています。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/deeplabcut.png + alttext: チータの姿勢推定 + url: /ja/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn + keyfeatures: + features: + - + title: 強力な多次元配列 + text: NumPyの高速で多機能なベクトル化計算、インデックス処理、ブロードキャスティングのコンセプトは、今日の配列計算のデファクト・スタンダードです。 + - + title: 数値計算ツール群 + text: NumPyは、様々な数学関数、乱数生成器、線形代数ルーチン、フーリエ変換などを提供しています。 + - + title: 相互運用性 + text: NumPyは、幅広いハードウェアとコンピューティング・プラットフォームをサポートしており、分散処理、GPU、疎行列ライブラリにも対応しています。 + - + title: 高パフォーマンス + text: NumPyの中核は最適化されたC言語のコードです。Pythonの柔軟性を、コンパイルされたコードの高速さとともに享受できます。 + - + title: 使いやすさ + text: NumPyの高水準なシンタックスは、どんなバックグラウンドや経験値のプログラマーでも利用でき、生産性を高めることができます。 + - + title: オープンソース + text: Distributed under a liberal [BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt), NumPy is developed and maintained [publicly on GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) by a vibrant, responsive, and diverse [community](/community). + tabs: + title: エコシステム + section5: false +navbar: + - + title: インストール + url: /ja/install + - + title: ドキュメント + url: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + title: 学び方 + url: /ja/learn + - + title: コミュニティ + url: /ja/community + - + title: 私達について + url: /ja/about + - + title: NumPyに貢献する + url: /ja/contribute +footer: + logo: logo.svg + socialmediatitle: "" + socialmedia: + - + link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy + icon: github + - + link: https://twitter.com/numpy_team + icon: twitter + quicklinks: + column1: + title: "" + links: + - + text: インストール + link: /ja/install + - + text: ドキュメント + link: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + text: 学び方 + link: /ja/learn + - + text: 引用する + link: /ja/citing-numpy + - + text: ロードマップ + link: https://numpy.org/neps/roadmap.html + column2: + links: + - + text: 私達について + link: /ja/about + - + text: コミュニティ + link: /ja/community + - + text: User surveys + link: /user-surveys + - + text: Contribute + link: /contribute + - + text: Code of conduct + link: /code-of-conduct + column3: + links: + - + text: サポートを得る方法 + link: /ja/gethelp + - + text: 利用規約 + link: /ja/terms + - + text: プライバシーポリシー + link: /ja/privacy + - + text: プレス用資料 + link: /ja/press-kit + diff --git a/content/ja/contribute.md b/content/ja/contribute.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a7281d840 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ja/contribute.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +- - - +title: NumPy に貢献する sidebar: false +- - - + +Numpyプロジェクトを成功させるには、あなたの専門知識とプロジェクトに関する熱意が必要です。 Numpyに貢献する方法はコーディングだけではありません。 + +- [コードを書く。](#writing-code) + +以外にも、下記の貢献の方法があります: + +- [プルリクエストをレビューする](#reviewing-pull-requests) +- [チュートリアル・プレゼンテーションなど教育的資料を作成する](#developing-educational-materials) +- [イシューをトリアージする](#issue-triaging) +- [ウェブサイトをメンテナンスをする](#website-development) +- [グラフィックデザインに貢献する](#graphic-design) +- [ウェブサイトを翻訳する](#translating-website-content) +- [コミュニティのコーディネーターをつとめる](#community-coordination-and-outreach) +- [助成金のプロポーザルを書くなど、資金調達をサポートする](#fundraising) + +もしどこから始めればいいか、あなたのスキルをどう生かせばいいかがわからない場合は、 _是非ご連絡下さい。_ 連絡の方法としては、 [メーリングリスト](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) 、 [GitHub](http://github.com/numpy/numpy)、 [イシューの作成](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) 、関連するイシューへのコメントがあります。 + +これらが私たちにとって好ましい連絡手段ですが(元来、オープンソースプロジェクトはオープンな方法を好みます)、もしどうしても非公開の方法で連絡を取りたい場合は、コミュニティコーディネーターに連絡して下さい。連絡先としては、科学計算のためのPythonエコシステムはLIGOで行われている研究のための重要なインフラです。
+ +
+ OpenBLASは約30MBですが、MKLパッケージはOpenBLASよりもはるかに大きく、ディスク上の約700MBです。 +
++ MKLは通常、OpenBLASよりも少し速く、より安定した解を得られます。 +
++ インストールサイズ、パフォーマンスとロバスト性に加えて、考慮すべき2つの点があります: +
+ +-
+
-
+
+ インテル® MKL はオープンソースではありません。 通常の使用では問題ではありませんが、 ユーザーが NumPy で構築されたアプリケーションを再配布する必要がある場合、これは 問題が発生する可能性があります。 通常の使用では問題ではありませんが、 ユーザーが Numpy で構築されたアプリケーションを再配布する必要がある場合、これは 問題が発生する可能性があります。 +
+
+ -
+
+ MKLとOpenBLASの両方とも、
+np.dotのような関数呼び出しにマルチスレッドを使用し、スレッド数はビルド時オプションと環境変数の両方で決定されます。 多くの場合、すべての CPU コアが使用されます。 これにユーザーにとっては予想外のことかもしれません。NumPy 自体は、関数呼び出しを自動的に並列化しないからです。 自動並列化により、一般にはパフォーマンスが向上しますが、逆にパフォーマンスが悪化する場合もあります。例えば、Daskやscikit-learn、multiprocessingなど別のレベルの並列化を使用している場合です。 多くの場合、すべての CPU コアが使用されます。 これによりユーザーに予期しないことが起こることがあります。例えばNumPy 自体は、関数呼び出しを自動的に並列化しないことです。 線形代数ライブラリの配列処理は、一般的にはより良いパフォーマンスが得られますが、Daskやscikit-learn、マルチプロセシングなどの別のレベルの並列化を使用している場合などに、逆に悪い結果をもたらすことがあります。 +
+
+ トラブルシューティング +
+ ++ インストールに失敗した場合に、下記のエラーメッセージが表示される場合は、 トラブルシューティング ImportError を参照してください。 +
+ +IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!
+
+Importing the numpy c-extensions failed. This error can happen for different reasons, often due to issues with your setup.
+++ +## 지구 크기의 망원경 + +[사건의 지평선 망원경(EHT)](https://eventhorizontelescope.org)은 8개의 지상 전파 망원경으로 구성된 지구 크기의 전산 망원경으로, 전례없는 감도와 해상도로 우주를 연구하는 데 쓰입니다. 초장기선 간섭 관측법(VLBI)이라는 기술을 사용하는 거대한 가상 망원경의 각해상도는 [20 마이크로각초][resolution]에 달하며 파리의 길거리 카페에서 뉴욕의 신문을 읽기에 충분한 정도입니다! + +### 주요 목표 및 결과 + +* **우주를 보는 새로운 방식:** EHT라는 획기적인 발상의 토대는 [아서 에딩턴 경][eddington]의 관측으로 아인슈타인의 일반 상대성이론이 최초로 관측적 지지를 받았던 시기인 100년 전에 마련되었습니다. + +* **블랙홀:** EHT는 처녀자리 은하단의 M87 은하의 중심부에 있는 초대질량 블랙홀로 훈련되었으며 이는 지구에서 약 5500만 광년 떨어져 있습니다. 이 천체의 질량은 태양의 65억 배입니다. [100년 넘게](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385) 연구되었으나, 블랙홀을 시각적으로 볼 수 있게 구현한 바는 없었습니다. + +* **관찰과 이론의 비교:** 아인슈타인의 일반 상대성이론에 따라 과학자들은 중력의 시공간 왜곡이나 빛 흡수에 의해 어둡게 보이는 영역이 나타날 것으로 예측하였습니다. 과학자들은 이를 블랙홀의 엄청난 질량을 재는 데 이용할 수 있었죠. + +### 과제 + +* **계산의 규모** + + EHT는 급격한 대기 위상의 변동, 큰 기록 대역폭, 완전히 다르고 지리적으로 분산된 망원경 등의 문제를 포함한 막대한 데이터를 처리해야 하는 문제를 낳습니다. + +* **지나치게 많은 정보** + + EHT는 매일 350 테라바이트의 관측 결과를 생성하며, 이 정보는 헬륨으로 채운 하드 드라이브에 저장됩니다. 이토록 많은 데이터의 양과 복잡성을 줄여나가는 것은 지극히 어려운 일입니다. + +* **잘 알지 못함** + + 만약 목표가 이전에 본 적이 없는 것을 보는 것이라면, 과학자들은 어떻게 이 사진이 옳다고 입증할 수 있을까요? + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/dataprocessbh.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**EHT 데이터 처리 파이프라인**" alt="데이터 파이프라인" align="middle" attr="(다이어그램 크레딧: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)" attrlink="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57" >}} + +## NumPy의 역할 + +데이터에 만약 문제가 있다면 어떨까요? 아니면 알고리즘이 특정 가정에 지나치게 의존할 수도 있습니다. 매개변수 하나만 달라져도 사진이 크게 바뀔까요? + +EHT는 기존 및 최첨된 이미지 재구성 기술을 모두 사용한 뒤, 개개의 팀이 데이터를 평가하도록 하여 이런 문제를 해결했습니다. 결과가 일관적이라는 것을 검증한 뒤, 이들을 결합해 최초의 블랙홀 이미지를 만들어내었습니다. + +그들의 연구는 협업 데이터 분석을 통해 과학을 발전시키는 과학적인 Python 생태계의 역할을 보여줍니다. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/bh_numpy_role.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy의 역할" caption="**블랙홀 시각화에서 NumPy의 역할**" >}} + +예를 들어, [`eht-imaging`][ehtim] Python 패키지는 VLBI 데이터를 통해 실험이나 이미지 재구성을 수행할 때 필요한 도구를 제공합니다. NumPy는 아래 소프트웨어 종속성 차트에 나와 있는 것처럼 이 패키지에서 사용되는 배열 데이터 처리의 핵심 역할을 합니다. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ehtim_numpy.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy를 강조하는 ehtim의 종속성 맵" caption="**NumPy를 강조하는 ehtim 패키지의 소프트웨어 종속성 차트**" >}} + +NumPy 외에도 [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org)와 [Pandas](https://pandas.io) 등의 다른 많은 패키지가 블랙홀을 시각화하는 데이터 처리 파이프라인의 일부입니다. 표준 천문 파일 형식과 시간/좌표 변환에는 [Astropy][astropy]가 쓰였고 [Matplotlib][mpl]는 분석 과정 전체에서 블랙홀의 최종 사진을 생성하는 등 데이터를 시각화하는 데 쓰였습니다. + +## 요약 + +NumPy의 핵심 기능인 효율적이고 유용한 n차원 배열은 연구자들이 대규모 수치 데이터셋을 다룰 수 있도록 하여 최초의 블랙홀 사진을 만드는 데 토대를 제공했습니다. 이번 관측은 아인슈타인의 이론에 훌륭한 시각적 증거를 준 관측으로, 과학계에 한 획을 그은 순간이었습니다. 기술적 혁신뿐만 아니라 200명 이상의 과학자와 세계 최고의 전파 관측소 간의 국제 협력도 이루어 냈습니다. 기존의 천문학 모델을 개선한 혁신적인 알고리즘과 데이터 처리 기술이 우주의 비밀을 알아내는 데 도움을 주었습니다. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy를 통한 이익" caption="**활용된 주요 NumPy 기능**" >}} + +[resolution]: https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole + +[eddington]: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%97%90%EB%94%A9%ED%84%B4#%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%A0%81_%EA%B2%80%EC%A6%9D + +[ehtim]: https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging + +[astropy]: https://www.astropy.org/ +[mpl]: https://matplotlib.org/ diff --git a/content/ko/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md b/content/ko/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..def42fa146 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +--- +title: "사례 연구: 판도를 뒤집은 크리켓 통계!" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ipl-stadium.png" caption="**인도 최대의 크리켓 축제인 IPLT20**" alt="인도 프리미어 리그 크리켓 컵 및 경기장" attr="*(사진 출처: IPLT20 (컵 및 로고) & Akash Yadav (경기장))*" attrlink="https://unsplash.com/@aksh1802" >}} + +M87 블랙홀을 시각화하는 것은 정의상 볼 수 없는 것을 보려고 하는 것과도 같다.
+ +
++ +## 크리켓이란 + +인도인들이 크리켓과 사랑에 빠졌다고 해도 과언이 아닙니다. 크리켓은 인도의 거의 모든 지역 구석구석에서 시골이든 도시든 상관없이 사랑받고 있습니다. 다른 스포츠와 달리 인도의 수십억 명을 연결하는 매개체 역할을 하는 데다 남녀노소 모두에게 인기가 있습니다. 크리켓은 많은 미디어의 관심을 받고 있기도 합니다. 엄청난 [돈](https://www.statista.com/topics/4543/indian-premier-league-ipl/)과 명성이 달려 있기도 하죠. 최근 몇 년 동안, 기술이 이 분야의 판도를 뒤집어 버렸습니다. 청중들은 스트리밍 미디어, 토너먼트, 모바일 기기를 통해 실시간 크리켓 경기를 저렴하게 볼 수 있습니다. + +인도 프리미어 리그(IPL)는 2008년 설립되어 20개 팀으로 구성된 프로 크리켓 리그입니다. 이는 세계에서 가장 참가자가 많은 크리켓 이벤트 중 하나로, 2019년에 [67억 달러](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League)에 달하는 가치로 추산됩니다. + +Cricket is a game of numbers - the runs scored by a batsman, the wickets taken by a bowler, the matches won by a cricket team, the number of times a batsman responds in a certain way to a kind of bowling attack, etc. The capability to dig into cricketing numbers for both improving performance and studying the business opportunities, overall market, and economics of cricket via powerful analytics tools, powered by numerical computing software such as NumPy, is a big deal. Cricket analytics provides interesting insights into the game and predictive intelligence regarding game outcomes. + +Today, there are rich and almost infinite troves of cricket game records and statistics available, e.g., [ESPN cricinfo](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html) and [cricsheet](https://cricsheet.org). These and several such cricket databases have been used for [cricket analysis](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336886516_Data_visualization_and_toss_related_analysis_of_IPL_teams_and_batsmen_performances) using the latest machine learning and predictive modelling algorithms. Media and entertainment platforms along with professional sports bodies associated with the game use technology and analytics for determining key metrics for improving match winning chances: + +* 타격 성적 이동 평균, +* 점수 예측, +* gaining insights into fitness and performance of a player against different opposition, +* player contribution to wins and losses for making strategic decisions on team composition + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/cricket-pitch.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**경기장의 중심이 되는 크리켓 피치**" alt="볼러와 배트맨으로 이루어진 크리켓 피치" align="middle" attr="*(사진 출처: Debarghya Das)*" attrlink="http://debarghyadas.com/files/IPLpaper.pdf" >}} + +### 데이터 분석의 주요 목표 + +* 스포츠 데이터는 크리켓에서뿐만 아니라 [다른 스포츠](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx)에서도 팀의 전체 역량과 승리 확률을 높이는 데 쓰입니다. +* 실시간 데이터 분석은 경기 중에도 팀과 관련 사업의 변화하는 전략에 대한 통찰력을 확보하여 경제적 이익과 성장을 도모하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. +* Besides historical analysis, predictive models are harnessed to determine the possible match outcomes that require significant number crunching and data science know-how, visualization tools and capability to include newer observations in the analysis. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/player-pose-estimator.png" class="fig-center" alt="자세 예측" caption="**크리켓 자세 예측**" attr="*(사진 출처: connect.vin)*" attrlink="https://connect.vin/2019/05/ai-for-cricket-batsman-pose-analysis/" >}} + +### 과제 + +* **데이터 정리 및 전처리** + + IPL은 크리켓을 고전적인 테스트 매치 형식에서 훨씬 더 큰 규모로 확대시켰습니다. 매 시즌 다양한 형식으로 열리는 경기의 수가 증가하고 있으며, 데이터, 알고리즘, 최신 스포츠 데이터 분석 기술, 시뮬레이션 모델 또한 증가하고 있습니다. 크리켓 데이터 분석에는 필드 매핑, 플레이어 추적, 공 추적, 플레이어의 타격 분석 및 공이 어떻게 움직이는지에 대한 각도, 스핀, 속도, 궤도 등 다른 많은 종류의 데이터를 필요로 합니다. 이 수많은 인자들은 데이터 정리 및 전처리 과정의 복잡성을 증가시켰습니다. + +* **동적 모델링** + + 크리켓에서는 다른 스포츠와 마찬가지로 다양한 선수의 수, 선수의 속성, 공이나 잠재적 행동의 가능성 등 여러 가능성을 추적할 때 많은 변수가 작용합니다. 데이터 분석 및 모델링의 복잡성은 분석 중 제시되는 예측 질문의 종류에 비례하며, 데이터 표현 및 모델에 크게 의존합니다. 타자가 다른 각도나 속도로 공을 쳤을 때 일어날 일과 같은 동적인 크리켓 경기를 예측할 때, 계산이나 데이터 비교 측면에서 상황이 훨씬 더 어려워집니다. + +* **예측 분석의 복잡성** + + Much of the decision making in cricket is based on questions such as "how often does a batsman play a certain kind of shot if the ball delivery is of a particular type", or "how does a bowler change his line and length if the batsman responds to his delivery in a certain way". This kind of predictive analytics query requires highly granular dataset availability and the capability to synthesize data and create generative models that are highly accurate. + +## 크리켓 분석에서 NumPy의 역할 + +스포츠 분석은 현재 매우 활발한 분야입니다. 많은 연구자들과 기업체에서는 최신 머신러닝 및 AI 기법을 쓰는 대신 [NumPy](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx)나 Scikit-learn, SciPy, Matplotlib, Jupyter같은 PyData 패키지를 이용합니다. NumPy는 크리켓과 관련된 여러 스포츠 통계에 다음과 같이 쓰였습니다. + +* **통계적 분석:** NumPy의 수치적 기능은 다양한 플레이어 및 게임 전술에서 관찰 데이터 또는 경기의 통계적 중요성을 추정하는 데 도움을 주거나, 생성적 또는 정적 모델과 비교하여 게임 결과를 추정합니다. 전술 분석에는 [인과 분석](https://amplitude.com/blog/2017/01/19/causation-correlation) 및 [빅데이터 접근법](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996805/)이 쓰입니다. + +* **데이터 시각화:** 그래프 그리기 및 [시각화](https://towardsdatascience.com/advanced-sports-visualization-with-pandas-matplotlib-and-seaborn-9c16df80a81b)는 다양한 데이터셋 사이의 관계를 볼 수 있는 유용한 관점을 제공해 줍니다. + +## 요약 + +스포츠 분석은 프로 게임의 판도를 바꿀 것입니다. 특히 최근까지는 주로 "직감"이나 과거부터 내려오던 것을 답습하는 식으로 이뤄진 전략적 의사 결정에 대해서 말입니다. NumPy는 데이터 분석, 기계 학습 및 AI 알고리즘과 관련하여 더욱 높은 수준의 기능을 제공하는 Python 패키지들의 견고한 기반을 제공합니다. 이들 패키지는 크리켓 경기뿐 아니라 크리켓 관련 추론이나 사업을 추진하면서, 판도를 바꿀만한 결정을 이끌어 내는 영감을 실시간으로 제공하는 데 널리 이용되고 있습니다. 크리켓 경기의 결과로 이어지는 숨겨진 매개변수, 패턴이나 속성을 찾는 것은 관계자가 숫자와 통계에 숨겨진 게임을 분석하는 방법을 파악하는 데 도움이 됩니다. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_ca_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="NumPy를 크리켓 분석에 사용했을 때의 이익을 보여주는 다이어그램" caption="**활용된 주요 NumPy 기능**" >}} diff --git a/content/ko/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md b/content/ko/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f6b769cf3f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +--- +title: "Case Study: DeepLabCut 3D Pose Estimation" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/mice-hand.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLapCut을 활용한 쥐의 손 움직임 분석**" alt="쥐 손 애니메이션" attr="*(출처: www.deeplabcut.org )*" attrlink="http://www.mousemotorlab.org/deeplabcut">}} + +군중을 위해서가 아니라, 국가를 위해 뛰는 겁니다.
+ +
++ +## About DeepLabCut + +[DeepLabCut](https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut) is an open source toolbox that empowers researchers at hundreds of institutions worldwide to track behaviour of laboratory animals, with very little training data, at human-level accuracy. With DeepLabCut technology, scientists can delve deeper into the scientific understanding of motor control and behavior across animal species and timescales. + +Several areas of research, including neuroscience, medicine, and biomechanics, use data from tracking animal movement. DeepLabCut helps in understanding what humans and other animals are doing by parsing actions that have been recorded on film. Using automation for laborious tasks of tagging and monitoring, along with deep neural network based data analysis, DeepLabCut makes scientific studies involving observing animals, such as primates, mice, fish, flies etc., much faster and more accurate. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/race-horse.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**경주마 신체 부위의 위치를 트래킹하는 색 점**" alt="경주마 애니메이션" attr="*(출처: Mackenzie Mathis)*">}} + +DeepLabCut's non-invasive behavioral tracking of animals by extracting the poses of animals is crucial for scientific pursuits in domains such as biomechanics, genetics, ethology & neuroscience. Measuring animal poses non-invasively from video - without markers - in dynamically changing backgrounds is computationally challenging, both technically as well as in terms of resource needs and training data required. + +DeepLabCut allows researchers to estimate the pose of the subject, efficiently enabling them to quantify the behavior through a Python based software toolkit. With DeepLabCut, researchers can identify distinct frames from videos, digitally label specific body parts in a few dozen frames with a tailored GUI, and then the deep learning based pose estimation architectures in DeepLabCut learn how to pick out those same features in the rest of the video and in other similar videos of animals. It works across species of animals, from common laboratory animals such as flies and mice to more unusual animals like [cheetahs][cheetah-movement]. + +DeepLabCut uses a principle called [transfer learning](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11229), which greatly reduces the amount of training data required and speeds up the convergence of the training period. Depending on the needs, users can pick different network architectures that provide faster inference (e.g. MobileNetV2), which can also be combined with real-time experimental feedback. DeepLabCut originally used the feature detectors from a top-performing human pose estimation architecture, called [DeeperCut](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03170), which inspired the name. The package now has been significantly changed to include additional architectures, augmentation methods, and a full front-end user experience. Furthermore, to support large-scale biological experiments DeepLabCut provides active learning capabilities so that users can increase the training set over time to cover edge cases and make their pose estimation algorithm robust within the specific context. + +Recently, the [DeepLabCut model zoo](http://www.mousemotorlab.org/dlc-modelzoo) was introduced, which provides pre-trained models for various species and experimental conditions from facial analysis in primates to dog posture. This can be run for instance in the cloud without any labeling of new data, or neural network training, and no programming experience is necessary. + +### Key Goals and Results + +* **Automation of animal pose analysis for scientific studies:** + + The primary objective of DeepLabCut technology is to measure and track posture of animals in a diverse settings. This data can be used, for example, in neuroscience studies to understand how the brain controls movement, or to elucidate how animals socially interact. Researchers have observed a [tenfold performance boost](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457242v1) with DeepLabCut. Poses can be inferred offline at up to 1200 frames per second (FPS). + +* **Creation of an easy-to-use Python toolkit for pose estimation:** + + DeepLabCut wanted to share their animal pose-estimation technology in the form of an easy to use tool that can be adopted by researchers easily. So they have created a complete, easy-to-use Python toolbox with project management features as well. These enable not only automation of pose-estimation but also managing the project end-to-end by helping the DeepLabCut Toolkit user right from the dataset collection stage to creating shareable and reusable analysis pipelines. + + Their [toolkit][DLCToolkit] is now available as open source. + + A typical DeepLabCut Workflow includes: + + - creation and refining of training sets via active learning + - creation of tailored neural networks for specific animals and scenarios + - code for large-scale inference on videos + - draw inferences using integrated visualization tools + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-toolkit-steps.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**포즈 추정 단계 - DeepLabCut**" alt="DLC 단계" align="middle" attr="(출처: DeepLabCut)" attrlink="https://twitter.com/DeepLabCut/status/1198046918284210176/photo/1" >}} + +### The Challenges + +* **Speed** + + Fast processing of animal behavior videos in order to measure their behavior and at the same time make scientific experiments more efficient, accurate. Extracting detailed animal poses for laboratory experiments, without markers, in dynamically changing backgrounds, can be challenging, both technically as well as in terms of resource needs and training data required. Coming up with a tool that is easy to use without the need for skills such as computer vision expertise that enables scientists to do research in more real-world contexts, is a non-trivial problem to solve. + +* **Combinatorics** + + Combinatorics involves assembly and integration of movement of multiple limbs into individual animal behavior. Assembling keypoints and their connections into individual animal movements and linking them across time is a complex process that requires heavy-duty numerical analysis, especially in case of multi-animal movement tracking in experiment videos. + +* **Data Processing** + + Last but not the least, array manipulation - processing large stacks of arrays corresponding to various images, target tensors and keypoints is fairly challenging. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/pose-estimation.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**포즈 추정 변수 및 복잡도**" alt="난점 설명" align="middle" attr="(출처: Mackenzie Mathis)" attrlink="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/476531v1.full.pdf" >}} + +## NumPy's Role in meeting Pose Estimation Challenges + +NumPy addresses DeepLabCut technology's core need of numerical computations at high speed for behavioural analytics. Besides NumPy, DeepLabCut employs various Python software that utilize NumPy at their core, such as [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org), [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Tensorpack](https://github.com/tensorpack/tensorpack), [imgaug](https://github.com/aleju/imgaug), [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/), [scikit-image](https://scikit-image.org) and [Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org). + +The following features of NumPy played a key role in addressing the image processing, combinatorics requirements and need for fast computation in DeepLabCut pose estimation algorithms: + +* Vectorization +* Masked Array Operations +* Linear Algebra +* Random Sampling +* Reshaping of large arrays + +DeepLabCut utilizes NumPy’s array capabilities throughout the workflow offered by the toolkit. In particular, NumPy is used for sampling distinct frames for human annotation labeling, and for writing, editing and processing annotation data. Within TensorFlow the neural network is trained by DeepLabCut technology over thousands of iterations to predict the ground truth annotations from frames. For this purpose, target densities (scoremaps) are created to cast pose estimation as a image-to-image translation problem. To make the neural networks robust, data augmentation is employed, which requires the calculation of target scoremaps subject to various geometric and image processing steps. To make training fast, NumPy’s vectorization capabilities are leveraged. For inference, the most likely predictions from target scoremaps need to extracted and one needs to efficiently “link predictions to assemble individual animals”. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-workflow.png" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLabCut 워크플로우**" alt="워크플로우" attr="*(출처: Mackenzie Mathis)*" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DeepLabCut-work-flow-The-diagram-delineates-the-work-flow-as-well-as-the-directory-and_fig1_329185962">}} + +## Summary + +Observing and efficiently describing behavior is a core tenant of modern ethology, neuroscience, medicine, and technology. [DeepLabCut](http://orga.cvss.cc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NathMathis2019.pdf) allows researchers to estimate the pose of the subject, efficiently enabling them to quantify the behavior. With only a small set of training images, the DeepLabCut Python toolbox allows training a neural network to within human level labeling accuracy, thus expanding its application to not only behavior analysis in the laboratory, but to potentially also in sports, gait analysis, medicine and rehabilitation studies. Complex combinatorics, data processing challenges faced by DeepLabCut algorithms are addressed through the use of NumPy's array manipulation capabilities. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_dlc_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy를 통한 이익" caption="**활용한 주요 NumPy 기능**" >}} + +[cheetah-movement]: https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/interview-a-deeper-cut-into-behavior-with-mackenzie-mathis-327618 + +[DLCToolkit]: https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut diff --git a/content/ko/case-studies/gw-discov.md b/content/ko/case-studies/gw-discov.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c186b1507 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/case-studies/gw-discov.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +--- +title: "사례 연구: 중력파의 발견" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="**중력파**" alt="이항 결합하며 중력파를 생성하는 블랙홀" attr="*(사진 크레딧: LIGO의 Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) 프로젝트)*" attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o" >}} + +Open Source Software is accelerating Biomedicine. DeepLabCut enables automated video analysis of animal behavior using Deep Learning.
+ +
++ +## [중력파](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/what-are-gravitational-waves-ligo-astronomy-science/) 그리고 [LIGO](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu)에 대해 + +중력파는 '시공간 천막'의 물결이라고 할 수 있으며, 두 블랙홀의 충돌이나 병합, 쌍성의 결합 혹은 초신성과 같이 우주가 대격변하는 사건으로부터 생성됩니다. 중력파를 관측하는 것은 비단 중력 연구에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 먼 우주에서의 모호한 현상들과 이것이 미치는 영향에 대해서도 이해할 수 있게 해 줍니다. + +The [Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) was designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics through the direct detection of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. 이는 미국 내의 멀리 떨어져 있는 간섭계 2개로 구성되어 있습니다. 하나는 워싱턴 주 핸포드에, 다른 하나는 루이지애나 주 리빙스턴에 있으며 이들은 중력파를 감지하기 위해 함께 작동합니다. Each of them has multi-kilometer-scale gravitational wave detectors that use laser interferometry. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), is a group of more than 1000 scientists from universities around the United States and in 14 other countries supported by more than 90 universities and research institutes; approximately 250 students actively contributing to the collaboration. The new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. It has opened up new astrophysical frontiers that explore the warped side of the universe—objects and phenomena that are made from warped spacetime. + + +### 주요 목표 + +* Though its [mission](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-ligo) is to detect gravitational waves from some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe, the data LIGO collects may have far-reaching effects on many areas of physics including gravitation, relativity, astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics, and nuclear physics. +* Crunch observed data via numerical relativity computations that involves complex maths in order to discern signal from noise, filter out relevant signal and statistically estimate significance of observed data +* Data visualization so that the binary / numerical results can be comprehended. + + + +### 과제 + +* **계산** + + Gravitational Waves are hard to detect as they produce a very small effect and have tiny interaction with matter. Processing and analyzing all of LIGO's data requires a vast computing infrastructure.After taking care of noise, which is billions of times of the signal, there is still very complex relativity equations and huge amounts of data which present a computational challenge: [O(10^7) CPU hrs needed for binary merger analyses](https://youtu.be/7mcHknWWzNI) spread on 6 dedicated LIGO clusters + +* **데이터 범람** + + As observational devices become more sensitive and reliable, the challenges posed by data deluge and finding a needle in a haystack rise multi-fold. LIGO generates terabytes of data every day! Making sense of this data requires an enormous effort for each and every detection. For example, the signals being collected by LIGO must be matched by supercomputers against hundreds of thousands of templates of possible gravitational-wave signatures. + +* **시각화** + + Once the obstacles related to understanding Einstein’s equations well enough to solve them using supercomputers are taken care of, the next big challenge was making data comprehensible to the human brain. Simulation modeling as well as signal detection requires effective visualization techniques. Visualization also plays a role in lending more credibility to numerical relativity in the eyes of pure science aficionados, who did not give enough importance to numerical relativity until imaging and simulations made it easier to comprehend results for a larger audience. Speed of complex computations and rendering, re-rendering images and simulations using latest experimental inputs and insights can be a time consuming activity that challenges researchers in this domain. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude.png" class="fig-center" alt="중력파 변형 진폭" caption="**GW150914에서 추정된 중력파 변형 진폭**" attr="(**그래프 출처:** Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, ResearchGate Publication)" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger" >}} + +## 중력파 검출에서 NumPy의 역할 + +Gravitational waves emitted from the merger cannot be computed using any technique except brute force numerical relativity using supercomputers. The amount of data LIGO collects is as incomprehensibly large as gravitational wave signals are small. + +NumPy, the standard numerical analysis package for Python, was utilized by the software used for various tasks performed during the GW detection project at LIGO. NumPy helped in solving complex maths and data manipulation at high speed. 몇 가지 예시를 들자면, + +* [신호 처리](https://www.uv.es/virgogroup/Denoising_ROF.html): 글리치 검출, [잡음 식별 및 데이터 결정](https://ep2016.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/pyhton-in-gravitational-waves-research-communities.pdf) (NumPy, scikit-learn, scipy, matplotlib, pandas, pyCharm) +* 데이터 수집: 어떤 데이터를 분석할 수 있을지 결정하고, 모래 속 바늘과 같이 미미한 신호가 있는지 파악 +* 통계적 분석: 관측 데이터의 통계적 유의성 추정, 모델을 비교하여 신호 매개변수(예: 별의 질량, 회전 속도, 거리 등)를 추정 +* 데이터의 시각화 + - 시계열 데이터 + - 스펙트로그램 +* 상관 분석 연산 +* Key [Software](https://github.com/lscsoft) developed in GW data analysis such as [GwPy](https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html) and [PyCBC](https://pycbc.org) uses NumPy and AstroPy under the hood for providing object based interfaces to utilities, tools, and methods for studying data from gravitational-wave detectors. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gwpy-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gwpy-numpy 종속성" caption="**GwPy 패키지가 어떻게 NumPy에 종속하는지를 나타내는 종속성 그래프**" >}} + +---- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/PyCBC-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="PyCBC-numpy 종속성" caption="**PyCBC 패키지가 어떻게 NumPy에 종속하는지를 나타내는 종속성 그래프**" >}} + +## 요약 + +중력파 검출을 통하여 연구자들은 완전히 예상치 못한 현상을 발견하게 됨으로써, 알려진 것 중 가장 난해한 천체물리학적 현상에 대하여 많은 사람들에게 새로운 통찰을 주었습니다. Number crunching and data visualization is a crucial step that helps scientists gain insights into data gathered from the scientific observations and understand the results. The computations are complex and cannot be comprehended by humans unless it is visualized using computer simulations that are fed with the real observed data and analysis. NumPy along with other Python packages such as matplotlib, pandas, and scikit-learn is [enabling researchers](https://www.gw-openscience.org/events/GW150914/) to answer complex questions and discover new horizons in our understanding of the universe. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_gw_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy를 통한 이익" caption="**활용된 주요 NumPy 기능**" >}} diff --git a/content/ko/citing-numpy.md b/content/ko/citing-numpy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf1458e657 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/citing-numpy.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +--- +title: NumPy 인용하기 +sidebar: false +--- + +진행한 연구에서 NumPy가 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있고 학술지에 출판한다면, 아래의 논문을 참조문헌에 써주시길 바랍니다. + +* Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J. et al. _Array programming with NumPy_. Nature 585, 357–362 (2020). DOI: [10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2). ([링크](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2)). + +_BibTeX 형식:_ + + ``` +@Article{ harris2020array, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and St{\'{e}}fan J. + van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and Pauli Virtanen and David + Cournapeau and Eric Wieser and Julian Taylor and Sebastian + Berg and Nathaniel J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus + and Stephan Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew + Brett and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{\'{a}}ndez del + R{\'{i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and Pierre + G{\'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and Tyler Reddy and + Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi and Christoph Gohlke and + Travis E. Oliphant}, + year = {2020}, + month = sep, + journal = {Nature}, + volume = {585}, + number = {7825}, + pages = {357--362}, + doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, + publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2} +} +``` diff --git a/content/ko/code-of-conduct.md b/content/ko/code-of-conduct.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bff6168db5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/code-of-conduct.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: NumPy 이용 약관 +sidebar: false +aliases: + - /conduct.html +--- + +### 소개 + +This Code of Conduct applies to all spaces managed by the NumPy project, including all public and private mailing lists, issue trackers, wikis, blogs, Twitter, and any other communication channel used by our community. The NumPy project does not organise in-person events, however events related to our community should have a code of conduct similar in spirit to this one. + +This Code of Conduct should be honored by everyone who participates in the NumPy community formally or informally, or claims any affiliation with the project, in any project-related activities and especially when representing the project, in any role. + +This code is not exhaustive or complete. It serves to distill our common understanding of a collaborative, shared environment and goals. Please try to follow this code in spirit as much as in letter, to create a friendly and productive environment that enriches the surrounding community. + +### 구체적인 지침 + +We strive to: + +1. Be open. We invite anyone to participate in our community. We prefer to use public methods of communication for project-related messages, unless discussing something sensitive. This applies to messages for help or project-related support, too; not only is a public support request much more likely to result in an answer to a question, it also ensures that any inadvertent mistakes in answering are more easily detected and corrected. +2. Be empathetic, welcoming, friendly, and patient. We work together to resolve conflict, and assume good intentions. We may all experience some frustration from time to time, but we do not allow frustration to turn into a personal attack. A community where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. +3. Be collaborative. Our work will be used by other people, and in turn we will depend on the work of others. When we make something for the benefit of the project, we are willing to explain to others how it works, so that they can build on the work to make it even better. Any decision we make will affect users and colleagues, and we take those consequences seriously when making decisions. +4. Be inquisitive. Nobody knows everything! Asking questions early avoids many problems later, so we encourage questions, although we may direct them to the appropriate forum. We will try hard to be responsive and helpful. +5. Be careful in the words that we choose. We are careful and respectful in our communication, and we take responsibility for our own speech. Be kind to others. Do not insult or put down other participants. We will not accept harassment or other exclusionary behaviour, such as: + * Violent threats or language directed against another person. + * Sexist, racist, or otherwise discriminatory jokes and language. + * Posting sexually explicit or violent material. + * Posting (or threatening to post) other people’s personally identifying information (“doxing”). + * Sharing private content, such as emails sent privately or non-publicly, or unlogged forums such as IRC channel history, without the sender’s consent. + * Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms. + * Unwelcome sexual attention. + * Excessive profanity. Please avoid swearwords; people differ greatly in their sensitivity to swearing. + * Repeated harassment of others. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop. + * Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behaviour. + +### 다양성 성명 + +The NumPy project welcomes and encourages participation by everyone. We are committed to being a community that everyone enjoys being part of. Although we may not always be able to accommodate each individual’s preferences, we try our best to treat everyone kindly. + +No matter how you identify yourself or how others perceive you: we welcome you. Though no list can hope to be comprehensive, we explicitly honour diversity in: age, culture, ethnicity, genotype, gender identity or expression, language, national origin, neurotype, phenotype, political beliefs, profession, race, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, subculture and technical ability, to the extent that these do not conflict with this code of conduct. + +Though we welcome people fluent in all languages, NumPy development is conducted in English. + +Standards for behaviour in the NumPy community are detailed in the Code of Conduct above. Participants in our community should uphold these standards in all their interactions and help others to do so as well (see next section). + +### 신고 지침 + +We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse. We also recognize that sometimes people may have a bad day, or be unaware of some of the guidelines in this Code of Conduct. Please keep this in mind when deciding on how to respond to a breach of this Code. + +For clearly intentional breaches, report those to the Code of Conduct Committee (see below). For possibly unintentional breaches, you may reply to the person and point out this code of conduct (either in public or in private, whatever is most appropriate). If you would prefer not to do that, please feel free to report to the Code of Conduct Committee directly, or ask the Committee for advice, in confidence. + +You can report issues to the NumPy Code of Conduct Committee at numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com. + +Currently, the Committee consists of: + +* Stefan van der Walt +* Melissa Weber Mendonça +* Anirudh Subramanian + +If your report involves any members of the Committee, or if they feel they have a conflict of interest in handling it, then they will recuse themselves from considering your report. Alternatively, if for any reason you feel uncomfortable making a report to the Committee, then you can also contact senior NumFOCUS staff at [conduct@numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org/code-of-conduct#persons-responsible). + +### 신고 해결 & 이용약관 강령 + +_This section summarizes the most important points, more details can be found in_ [NumPy Code of Conduct - How to follow up on a report](/report-handling-manual). + +We will investigate and respond to all complaints. The NumPy Code of Conduct Committee and the NumPy Steering Committee (if involved) will protect the identity of the reporter, and treat the content of complaints as confidential (unless the reporter agrees otherwise). + +In case of severe and obvious breaches, e.g. personal threat or violent, sexist or racist language, we will immediately disconnect the originator from NumPy communication channels; please see the manual for details. + +In cases not involving clear severe and obvious breaches of this Code of Conduct the process for acting on any received Code of Conduct violation report will be: + +1. acknowledge report is received, +2. reasonable discussion/feedback, +3. mediation (if feedback didn’t help, and only if both reporter and reportee agree to this), +4. enforcement via transparent decision (see [Resolutions](/report-handling-manual#resolutions)) by the Code of Conduct Committee. + +The Committee will respond to any report as soon as possible, and at most within 72 hours. + +### 끝내며 + +We are thankful to the groups behind the following documents, from which we drew content and inspiration: + +- [SciPy 이용 약관](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html) diff --git a/content/ko/community.md b/content/ko/community.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f24e878bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/community.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: 커뮤니티 +sidebar: false +--- + +NumPy is a community-driven open source project developed by a diverse group of [contributors](/teams/). NumPy 관리자는 개방적이며 포용적이고 긍정적인 커뮤니티를 만들기 위해 상당한 노력을 기울였습니다. [NumPy 이용약관](/code-of-conduct)을 읽으면 커뮤니티가 발전하도록 해 주는 상대방과의 상호작용을 어떻게 하는지 그 방법을 알 수 있습니다. + +NumPy 커뮤니티에서는 배우고, 지식을 공유하고, 다른 사람들과 협력할 수 있는 여러 커뮤니케이션 채널을 제공합니다. + + +## 온라인으로 참여 + +NumPy 프로젝트 및 커뮤니티에 곧장 참여할 수 있는 방법들입니다. _사용자와 커뮤니티 회원이 사용 중 질문에 대하여 서로 도움을 주고받기를 권장한다는 것을 명심하십시오. [도움말](/gethelp)을 참고하세요._ + + +### [NumPy 메일링 리스트](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) + +이 리스트는 NumPy 신기능 추가, NumPy 로드맵 변경 등 모든 종류의 프로젝트 전체 의사 결정과 같은 장기적인 토론을 이끄는 주요 포럼이라 할 수 있습니다. 출시, 개발자 모임, 일반 모임, 컨퍼런스 강연과 같은 NumPy에 대한 공지도 이 리스트를 통해 받아볼 수 있습니다. + +리스트에 회신하려면 (다른 발신자에게 회신하기보다는) 하단의 게시물을 이용하십시오. 또, 자동 발신 메일에 회신하지 마십시오. 검색 가능한 아카이브는 [여기](https://mail.python.org/archives/list/numpy-discussion@python.org/)에서 이용할 수 있습니다. + +*** + +### [GitHub 이슈 추적기](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) + +- 버그 제보 (예: "`np.arange(3).shape` returns `(5,)`, when it should return `(3,)`"); +- 문서 관련 문제점 (예: "I found this section unclear"); +- 기능 요청 (예: "I would like to have a new interpolation method in `np.percentile`"). + +_GitHub은 보안 취약점을 제보하는 곳이 아님을 명심하십시오. NumPy의 보안 취약점을 발견한 것 같으시다면, [여기](https://tidelift.com/docs/security)에서 제보하십시오._ + +*** + +### [Slack](https://numpy-team.slack.com) + +NumPy에 _기여하는_ 방법에 대하여 질문하는 실시간 채팅방입니다. 여기는 비공개 공간으로, 공용 메일링 리스트나 GitHub에 질문 또는 아이디어를 올리는 것을 주저하는 사람들을 위한 곳입니다. [여기](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html#contributing-to-numpy)에서 자세한 내용과 초대를 받는 방법을 알아보세요. + + +## 학술 그룹 및 모임 + +NumPy와 데이터 과학 및 과학적 컴퓨팅을 위한 Python 패키지의 생태계에 대해 자세히 알아보기 위하여, 지역 모임이나 학술 그룹을 찾고 싶다면 [PyData 모임](https://www.meetup.com/pro/pydata/) (150개 이상의 모임, 10만 명 이상의 회원) 사이트를 돌아보시는 것을 추천해 드립니다. + +NumPy에서도 가끔 자체 팀이나 관심 있는 기여자들을 위하여 직접 모임을 조직하기도 합니다. 보통 몇 달 전부터 미리 계획되며 [메일링 리스트](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) 및 [트위터](https://twitter.com/numpy_team)로 해당 사실을 알립니다. + + +## 컨퍼런스 + +NumPy 프로젝트에서는 자체 컨퍼런스를 추진하지 않습니다. 보통 NumPy 관리자나 기여자, 사용자들에게 가장 인기 있는 컨퍼런스는 SciPy나 PyData 쪽 컨퍼런스입니다. + +- [SciPy US](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [EuroSciPy](https://www.euroscipy.org) +- [SciPy 라틴 아메리카](https://www.scipyla.org) +- [SciPy 인도](https://scipy.in) +- [SciPy 일본](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [PyData 컨퍼런스](https://pydata.org/event-schedule/) (세계 곳곳의 여러 나라에서 1년에 15~20개의 이벤트를 개최) + +이런 컨퍼런스 대부분에는 NumPy를 배우는 튜토리얼의 날이나 NumPy 혹은 관련 오픈소스 프로젝트에 기여하는 방법을 배울 수 있는 장이 마련되어 있습니다. + + +## NumPy 커뮤니티에 가입 + +더욱 성장하기 위해, NumPy 프로젝트에서는 당신의 경험과 의욕을 필요로 합니다. 프로그래머가 아니라고요? 걱정하지 마세요! NumPy에 기여하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있습니다. + +NumPy 기여자가 되는 데 관심이 있으시다면 (야호!) [기여](/contribute) 페이지를 방문하시는 것을 추천해 드립니다. + diff --git a/content/ko/config.yaml b/content/ko/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..783615da46 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +--- +languageName: 한국어 +params: + description: 왜 NumPy인가? 강력한 n차원 배열. 수치 컴퓨팅 도구. 상호운용성. 고성능. 오픈소스. + navbarlogo: + image: logo.svg + link: / + hero: + #Main hero title + title: NumPy + #Hero subtitle (optional) + subtitle: Python으로 과학적 컴퓨팅을 하기 위한 기초 패키지 + #Button text + buttontext: 시작하기 + #Where the main hero button links to + buttonlink: "/install" + #Hero image (from static/images/___) + image: logo.svg + shell: + title: 플레이스홀더 + promptlabel: 대화형 쉘 프롬프트 + button: + - + label: 대화형 튜토리얼 쉘을 켭니다 + text: 사용 + shellcontent: + intro: + - + title: NumPy 써 보기 + text: 대화형 쉘을 켭니다 + loading: + - + title: 잠시만요... + text: mybinder.org의 컨테이너를 실행하는 중입니다... + docslink: 문서도 한 번 열람해보세요. + casestudies: + title: 사례 연구 + features: + - + title: 최초의 블랙홀 사진 + text: NumPy 및 NumPy에 의존하는 SciPy, Matplotlib와 같은 라이브러리가 사건의 지평선 망원경으로 최초의 블랙홀 사진을 생성할 수 있었던 방법 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/blackhole.png + alttext: 최초의 블랙홀 사진. 검은 배경의 주황색 원입니다. + url: /case-studies/blackhole-image + - + title: 중력파 검출 + text: 1916년, 알베르트 아인슈타인이 중력파를 예측했습니다. LIGO 과학자들이 NumPy를 이용하여 이것이 존재함을 증명하기 100년 전이었습니다. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/gravitional.png + alttext: 서로의 궤도를 도는 두 구체. 주위의 중력을 변화시키고 있습니다. + url: /case-studies/gw-discov + - + title: 스포츠 통계 + text: 크리켓 분석은 통계적 모델링과 예측 분석을 통해 선수와 팀의 성과를 개선하여 게임을 바꾸고 있습니다. NumPy는 이런 많은 분석을 가능하게 합니다. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/sports.jpg + alttext: 크리켓 공이 녹지 위에 있습니다. + url: /case-studies/cricket-analytics + - + title: 딥러닝을 통한 자세 추정 + text: DeepLabCut은 동물의 행동을 관찰하는 과학 연구의 속도를 개선하기 위해, NumPy를 사용하여 종이나 시간에 따른 운동 제어 방식을 잘 이해할 수 있도록 하였습니다. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/deeplabcut.png + alttext: 치타 자세 분석 + url: /case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn + keyfeatures: + features: + - + title: 강력한 n차원 배열 + text: 빠르고 다재다능한 NumPy의 벡터화, 인덱싱, 전송 구성은 오늘날 배열 컴퓨팅의 사실상 표준입니다. + - + title: 수치적 컴퓨팅 도구 + text: NumPy는 포괄적인 수학 함수, 난수 생성기, 선형 대수 루틴, 푸리에 변환 등을 제공합니다. + - + title: 상호운용성 + text: NumPy는 광범위한 하드웨어 및 컴퓨팅 플랫폼을 지원합니다. 또 분산형, GPU, 희소배열 라이브러리와도 잘 작동합니다. + - + title: 고성능 + text: NumPy의 핵심은 최적화된 C 코드로 구성되어 있습니다. 컴파일된 코드의 속도와 함께 Python의 유연함을 즐기세요. + - + title: 쉬운 사용성 + text: NumPy의 고수준 문법은 어떤 배경이나 수준을 가지고 있는 프로그래머든 쉽게 접근하여 생산적인 일을 할 수 있도록 만들어줍니다. + - + title: 오픈소스 + text: 자유 [BSD 라이선스](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt)에 따라, NumPy는 흥미에 찼으며, 반응이 빠르고, 다양성이 넘치는 [커뮤니티](/community)에 의하여 [GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy)에서 공개적으로 개발되고 유지됩니다. + tabs: + title: 생태계 + section5: false +navbar: + - + title: 설치 + url: /install + - + title: 문서 + url: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + title: 배움 + url: /learn + - + title: 커뮤니티 + url: /community + - + title: 정보 + url: /about + - + title: 기여 + url: /contribute +footer: + logo: logo.svg + socialmediatitle: "" + socialmedia: + - + link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy + icon: github + - + link: https://twitter.com/numpy_team + icon: twitter + quicklinks: + column1: + title: "" + links: + - + text: 설치 + link: /install + - + text: 문서 + link: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + text: 배움 + link: /learn + - + text: Numpy 인용 + link: /citing-numpy + - + text: 로드맵 + link: https://numpy.org/neps/roadmap.html + column2: + links: + - + text: 정보 + link: /about + - + text: 커뮤니티 + link: /community + - + text: 사용자 설문조사 + link: /user-surveys + - + text: 기여 + link: /contribute + - + text: 이용약관 + link: /code-of-conduct + column3: + links: + - + text: 도움받기 + link: /gethelp + - + text: 이용약관 + link: /terms + - + text: 개인정보처리방침 + link: /privacy + - + text: 홍보 자료 + link: /press-kit + diff --git a/content/ko/contribute.md b/content/ko/contribute.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d789e93c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/ko/contribute.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +- - - +title: NumPy에 기여하기 sidebar: false +- - - + +NumPy 프로젝트에서는 당신의 경험과 의욕을 환영합니다! NumPy에 기여할 수 있는 방법은 프로그래밍뿐만이 아닙니다. + +- [코드 작성](#writing-code) + +아래와 같이 기여할 수도 있습니다. + +- [풀 요청 검토](#reviewing-pull-requests) +- [튜토리얼, 발표 등 교육 자료 개발](#developing-educational-materials) +- [이슈 선별](#issue-triaging) +- [사이트에서 작업](#website-development) +- [그래픽 디자인에 기여](#graphic-design) +- [사이트 콘텐츠 번역](#translating-website-content) +- [커뮤니티 코디네이터로 기여](#community-coordination-and-outreach) +- [보조금 제안서 작성 및 기타 모금 지원](#fundraising) + +시작점을 찾기 힘들거나 재능을 어떻게 활용해야 할지 잘 모르겠다면, _물어보세요!_ [메일링 리스트](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion)나 [GitHub](http://github.com/numpy/numpy) ([이슈](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues)를 생성하거나 관련 이슈에 답글을 다세요)에서 질문하시면 됩니다. + +앞서 소개드린 것들이 저희가 선호하는 연락 채널입니다. (오픈 소스는 원래 개방되어 있으니까요) 하지만 비공개적으로 대화를 나누고 싶으시다면,과학적 Python 생태계는 LIGO 연구에 있어서 중요한 인프라에 해당합니다.
+ +
+
+이전 로고를 깔끔하고 현대적으로 다시 디자인했습니다. 새 로고를 만들어 주신 Isabela Presedo-Floyd님께 감사드립니다. 또 15년이 넘는 기간 동안 저희가 사용했던 로고를 만들어 주신 Travis Vaught님께도 감사의 말씀을 드립니다.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.19.0 출시
+
+_2020년 6월 20일_ -- NumPy 1.19.0이 출시되었습니다. Python 2의 지원을 중단한 첫 릴리즈라서 "정리 릴리즈"라고도 불립니다. 이제 지원하는 Python 최소 버전은 3.6입니다. 중요한 새 기능을 꼽자면, NumPy 1.17.0에 도입된 난수 생성 인프라를 Cython에서 접근할 수 있게 되었다는 것입니다.
+
+
+### Season of Docs 승인
+
+_2020년 5월 11일_ -- NumPy가 Google Season of Docs 프로그램의 선도 조직으로 승인되었습니다. 테크니컬 라이터와 협력해서 NumPy 문서를 다시 한 번 개선할 수 있는 기회를 갖게 되어 좋습니다! 자세한 내용은 [Season of Docs 공식 사이트](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) 및 저희의 [아이디어 페이지](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/wiki/Google-Season-of-Docs-2020-Project-Ideas)를 참고하시기 바랍니다.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.18.0 출시
+
+_2019년 12월 22일_ -- NumPy 1.18.0이 출시되었습니다. 1.17.0에서의 주요 변경점을 통합하는 릴리즈입니다. 본 릴리즈는 Python 3.5를 지원하는 마지막 마이너 릴리즈입니다. 릴리즈의 주요 내용으로는, 64비트 BLAS 및 LAPACK 라이브러리와 연결하기 위한 환경 조성, `numpy.random`을 위한 새로운 C-API 등이 있습니다.
+
+자세한 정보는 [릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)를 참고하시기 바랍니다.
+
+
+### NumPy가 Chan Zuckerberg Initiative에서 보조금을 받음
+
+_2019년 11월 15일_ -- NumPy의 주요 종속 패키지 중 하나인 NumPy와 OpenBLAS가 챈 저커버그 이니셔티브의 [과학 프로그램용 중요 오픈소스 소프트웨어](https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/) 지원을 통해 19만 5천 달러에 달하는 공동 보조금을 받았다는 소식을 전할 수 있어 기쁩니다. 이곳에서는 과학에 중요한 오픈소스 도구에 대해 유지 관리, 성장, 개발 및 커뮤니티 참여를 지원합니다.
+
+This grant will be used to ramp up the efforts in improving NumPy documentation, website redesign, and community development to better serve our large and rapidly growing user base, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. While the OpenBLAS team will focus on addressing sets of key technical issues, in particular thread-safety, AVX-512, and thread-local storage (TLS) issues, as well as algorithmic improvements in ReLAPACK (Recursive LAPACK) on which OpenBLAS depends.
+
+More details on our proposed initiatives and deliverables can be found in the [full grant proposal](https://figshare.com/articles/Proposal_NumPy_OpenBLAS_for_Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative_EOSS_2019_round_1/10302167). 2019년 12월 1일부터 작업을 시작하여 다음 12개월 동안 진행할 예정입니다.
+
+
+## 릴리즈
+
+NumPy 릴리즈의 목록입니다. 릴리즈 노트로 링크도 걸려 있습니다. 버그 수정 릴리즈(`x.y.z`에서 `z`만 바뀐 경우)에는 새로운 기능이 없습니다. 마이너 릴리즈(`y`가 증가한 경우)에는 새로운 기능이 있습니다.
+
+- NumPy 1.22.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.22.0)) -- _2021년 12월 31일_.
+- NumPy 1.21.5 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.5)) -- _2021년 12월 19일_.
+- NumPy 1.21.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.0)) -- _2021년 6월 22일_.
+- NumPy 1.20.3 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.3)) -- _2021년 5월 10일_.
+- NumPy 1.20.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.0)) -- _2021년 1월 30일_.
+- NumPy 1.19.5 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.5)) -- _2021년 1월 5일_.
+- NumPy 1.19.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.0)) -- _2020년 6월 20일_.
+- NumPy 1.18.4 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.4)) -- _2020년 5월 3일_.
+- NumPy 1.17.5 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.5)) -- _2020년 1월 1일_.
+- NumPy 1.18.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)) -- _2019년 12월 22일_.
+- NumPy 1.17.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.0)) -- _2019년 7월 26일_.
+- NumPy 1.16.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.16.0)) -- _2019년 1월 14일_.
+- NumPy 1.15.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.15.0)) -- _2018년 7월 23일_.
+- NumPy 1.14.0 ([릴리즈 노트](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.14.0)) -- _2018년 1월 7일_.
diff --git a/content/ko/press-kit.md b/content/ko/press-kit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddce954013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/press-kit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 홍보 자료
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+저희는 당신이 NumPy 프로젝트의 상징을 논문, 코스 자료, 발표 자료 등에 삽입하기 쉽도록 하고자 합니다.
+
+[여기에서](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/tree/main/branding/logo) 여러 버전의 고화질 NumPy 로고를 찾을 수 있습니다. numpy.org 자료를 이용하는 경우, [NumPy 이용약관](/code-of-conduct)에 동의하게 됨을 명심하십시오.
diff --git a/content/ko/privacy.md b/content/ko/privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0469768bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 개인정보 정책
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**numpy.org**는 NumPy 프로젝트의 재정적 후원자인 [NumFOCUS, Inc.](https://numfocus.org)가 관리합니다. 이 웹 사이트에 대한 개인정보 정책을 확인하려면 https://numfocus.org/privacy-policy를 참고하세요.
+
+NumFOCUS의 데이터 수집, 이용, 공개 관행에 대하여 아무 질문이나 있으시다면, NumFOCUS 스태프인 privacy@numfocus.org로 연락해주세요.
diff --git a/content/ko/report-handling-manual.md b/content/ko/report-handling-manual.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5da70399b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/report-handling-manual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: NumPy 이용 약관 - 보고서의 후속 조치 방법
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+NumPy 행동 강령 위원회는 본 설명을 따릅니다. 문제를 해결할 때 일관성과 공정성을 확보하기 위한 지침입니다.
+
+Enforcing the [Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct) impacts our community today and for the future. It’s an action that we do not take lightly. When reviewing enforcement measures, the Code of Conduct Committee will keep the following values and guidelines in mind:
+
+* Act in a personal manner rather than impersonal. The Committee can engage the parties to understand the situation while respecting the privacy and any necessary confidentiality of reporters. However, sometimes it is necessary to communicate with one or more individuals directly: the Committee’s goal is to improve the health of our community rather than only produce a formal decision.
+* Emphasize empathy for individuals rather than judging behavior, avoiding binary labels of “good” and “bad/evil”. Overt, clear-cut aggression and harassment exist, and we will address them firmly. But many scenarios that can prove challenging to resolve are those where normal disagreements devolve into unhelpful or harmful behavior from multiple parties. Understanding the full context and finding a path that re-engages all is hard, but ultimately the most productive for our community.
+* We understand that email is a difficult medium and can be isolating. Receiving criticism over email, without personal contact, can be particularly painful. This makes it especially important to keep an atmosphere of open-minded respect for the views of others. It also means that we must be transparent in our actions, and that we will do everything in our power to make sure that all our members are treated fairly and with sympathy.
+* Discrimination can be subtle and it can be unconscious. It can show itself as unfairness and hostility in otherwise ordinary interactions. We know that this does occur, and we will take care to look out for it. We would very much like to hear from you if you feel you have been treated unfairly, and we will use these procedures to make sure that your complaint is heard and addressed.
+* Help increase engagement in good discussion practice: try to identify where discussion may have broken down, and provide actionable information, pointers, and resources that can lead to positive change on these points.
+* Be mindful of the needs of new members: provide them with explicit support and consideration, with the aim of increasing participation from underrepresented groups in particular.
+* Individuals come from different cultural backgrounds and native languages. Try to identify any honest misunderstandings caused by a non-native speaker and help them understand the issue and what they can change to avoid causing offence. Complex discussion in a foreign language can be very intimidating, and we want to grow our diversity also across nationalities and cultures.
+
+
+## 중재
+
+Voluntary informal mediation is a tool at our disposal. In contexts such as when two or more parties have all escalated to the point of inappropriate behavior (something sadly common in human conflict), it may be useful to facilitate a mediation process. This is only an example: the Committee can consider mediation in any case, mindful that the process is meant to be strictly voluntary and no party can be pressured to participate. If the Committee suggests mediation, it should:
+
+* Find a candidate who can serve as a mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reporter(s). The reporter(s) have complete freedom to decline the mediation idea or to propose an alternate mediator.
+* Obtain the agreement of the reported person(s).
+* Settle on the mediator: while parties can propose a different mediator than the suggested candidate, only if a common agreement is reached on all terms can the process move forward.
+* Establish a timeline for mediation to complete, ideally within two weeks.
+
+The mediator will engage with all the parties and seek a resolution that is satisfactory to all. Upon completion, the mediator will provide a report (vetted by all parties to the process) to the Committee, with recommendations on further steps. The Committee will then evaluate these results (whether a satisfactory resolution was achieved or not) and decide on any additional action deemed necessary.
+
+
+## 위원회가 신고에 응답하는 방법
+
+When the Committee (or a Committee member) receives a report, they will first determine whether the report is about a clear and severe breach (as defined below). If so, immediate action needs to be taken in addition to the regular report handling process.
+
+
+## 명확하고 심각한 권리침해 행위
+
+We know that it is painfully common for internet communication to start at or devolve into obvious and flagrant abuse. We will deal quickly with clear and severe breaches like personal threats, violent, sexist or racist language.
+
+When a member of the Code of Conduct Committee becomes aware of a clear and severe breach, they will do the following:
+
+* Immediately disconnect the originator from all NumPy communication channels.
+* Reply to the reporter that their report has been received and that the originator has been disconnected.
+* In every case, the moderator should make a reasonable effort to contact the originator, and tell them specifically how their language or actions qualify as a “clear and severe breach”. The moderator should also say that, if the originator believes this is unfair or they want to be reconnected to NumPy, they have the right to ask for a review, as below, by the Code of Conduct Committee. The moderator should copy this explanation to the Code of Conduct Committee.
+* The Code of Conduct Committee will formally review and sign off on all cases where this mechanism has been applied to make sure it is not being used to control ordinary heated disagreement.
+
+
+## 신고 대응
+
+When a report is sent to the Committee they will immediately reply to the reporter to confirm receipt. This reply must be sent within 72 hours, and the group should strive to respond much quicker than that.
+
+If a report doesn’t contain enough information, the Committee will obtain all relevant data before acting. The Committee is empowered to act on the Steering Council’s behalf in contacting any individuals involved to get a more complete account of events.
+
+The Committee will then review the incident and determine, to the best of their ability:
+
+* What happened.
+* Whether this event constitutes a Code of Conduct violation.
+* Who are the responsible party(ies).
+* Whether this is an ongoing situation, and there is a threat to anyone’s physical safety.
+
+This information will be collected in writing, and whenever possible the group’s deliberations will be recorded and retained (i.e. chat transcripts, email discussions, recorded conference calls, summaries of voice conversations, etc).
+
+It is important to retain an archive of all activities of this Committee to ensure consistency in behavior and provide institutional memory for the project. To assist in this, the default channel of discussion for this Committee will be a private mailing list accessible to current and future members of the Committee as well as members of the Steering Council upon justified request. If the Committee finds the need to use off-list communications (e.g. phone calls for early/rapid response), it should in all cases summarize these back to the list so there’s a good record of the process.
+
+The Code of Conduct Committee should aim to have a resolution agreed upon within two weeks. In the event that a resolution can’t be determined in that time, the Committee will respond to the reporter(s) with an update and projected timeline for resolution.
+
+
+## 결의
+
+위원회는 반드시 합의를 바탕으로 결의를 내야 합니다. 그룹에서 합의가 이루어지지 못하고 1주 넘게 교착 상태에 빠진 경우, 결의를 내기 위해 해당 의제는 조정위원회로 이양됩니다.
+
+Possible responses may include:
+
+* Taking no further action:
+ - if we determine no violations have occurred;
+ - if the matter has been resolved publicly while the Committee was considering responses.
+* Coordinating voluntary mediation: if all involved parties agree, the Committee may facilitate a mediation process as detailed above.
+* Remind publicly, and point out that some behavior/actions/language have been judged inappropriate and why in the current context, or can but hurtful to some people, requesting the community to self-adjust.
+* A private reprimand from the Committee to the individual(s) involved. In this case, the group chair will deliver that reprimand to the individual(s) over email, cc’ing the group.
+* A public reprimand. In this case, the Committee chair will deliver that reprimand in the same venue that the violation occurred, within the limits of practicality. E.g., the original mailing list for an email violation, but for a chat room discussion where the person/context may be gone, they can be reached by other means. The group may choose to publish this message elsewhere for documentation purposes.
+* A request for a public or private apology, assuming the reporter agrees to this idea: they may at their discretion refuse further contact with the violator. The chair will deliver this request. The Committee may, if it chooses, attach “strings” to this request: for example, the group may ask a violator to apologize in order to retain one’s membership on a mailing list.
+* A “mutually agreed upon hiatus” where the Committee asks the individual to temporarily refrain from community participation. If the individual chooses not to take a temporary break voluntarily, the Committee may issue a “mandatory cooling off period”.
+* A permanent or temporary ban from some or all NumPy spaces (mailing lists, gitter.im, etc.). The group will maintain records of all such bans so that they may be reviewed in the future or otherwise maintained.
+
+Once a resolution is agreed upon, but before it is enacted, the Committee will contact the original reporter and any other affected parties and explain the proposed resolution. The Committee will ask if this resolution is acceptable, and must note feedback for the record.
+
+최종적으로 위원회는 NumPy 조정위원회에 보고서를 만들어 제출하게 됩니다 (추방 등 효력이 지속되는 결의가 발생하는 경우 NumPy 핵심 팀에게도 보고합니다).
+
+위원회는 문제를 반드시 비공개 상태로 다룰 것입니다. 모든 공개 성명은 행동강령 위원회 혹은 NumPy 조정위원회에서 담당합니다.
+
+
+## 이해관계 충돌
+
+이해관계 충돌이 일어난 경우, 위원회 회원은 즉시 이 사실을 다른 회원에게 고지하고 필요한 경우 자진 사퇴해야 합니다.
diff --git a/content/ko/tabcontents.yaml b/content/ko/tabcontents.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e7980763c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/tabcontents.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+---
+machinelearning:
+ paras:
+ -
+ para1: NumPy forms the basis of powerful machine learning libraries like [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org) and [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org). As machine learning grows, so does the list of libraries built on NumPy. [TensorFlow’s](https://www.tensorflow.org) deep learning capabilities have broad applications — among them speech and image recognition, text-based applications, time-series analysis, and video detection. [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org), another deep learning library, is popular among researchers in computer vision and natural language processing. [MXNet](https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet) is another AI package, providing blueprints and templates for deep learning.
+ para2: Statistical techniques called [ensemble](https://towardsdatascience.com/ensemble-methods-bagging-boosting-and-stacking-c9214a10a205) methods such as binning, bagging, stacking, and boosting are among the ML algorithms implemented by tools such as [XGBoost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost), [LightGBM](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), and [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai) — one of the fastest inference engines. [Yellowbrick](https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/) and [Eli5](https://eli5.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) offer machine learning visualizations.
+arraylibraries:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: NumPy's API is the starting point when libraries are written to exploit innovative hardware, create specialized array types, or add capabilities beyond what NumPy provides.
+ headers:
+ -
+ text: 배열 라이브러리
+ -
+ text: Capabilities & Application areas
+ libraries:
+ -
+ title: Dask
+ text: Distributed arrays and advanced parallelism for analytics, enabling performance at scale.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/dask.png
+ alttext: Dask
+ url: https://dask.org/
+ -
+ title: CuPy
+ text: Python에서 GPU 가속 컴퓨팅을 구현해주며 NumPy와 호환되는 배열 라이브러리.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/cupy.png
+ alttext: CuPy
+ url: https://cupy.chainer.org
+ -
+ title: JAX
+ text: "Composable transformations of NumPy programs: differentiate, vectorize, just-in-time compilation to GPU/TPU."
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/jax_logo_250px.png
+ alttext: JAX
+ url: https://github.com/google/jax
+ -
+ title: Xarray
+ text: 고급 통계 및 시각화를 구동하기 위하여 라벨링 및 인덱싱이 이뤄진 다차원 배열을 제공
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xarray.png
+ alttext: xarray
+ url: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/index.html
+ -
+ title: Sparse
+ text: NumPy-compatible sparse array library that integrates with Dask and SciPy's sparse linear algebra.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/sparse.png
+ alttext: sparse
+ url: https://sparse.pydata.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: PyTorch
+ text: Deep learning framework that accelerates the path from research prototyping to production deployment.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/pytorch-logo-dark.svg
+ alttext: PyTorch
+ url: https://pytorch.org/
+ -
+ title: TensorFlow
+ text: An end-to-end platform for machine learning to easily build and deploy ML powered applications.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorflow-logo.svg
+ alttext: TensorFlow
+ url: https://www.tensorflow.org
+ -
+ title: MXNet
+ text: Deep learning framework suited for flexible research prototyping and production.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/mxnet_logo.png
+ alttext: MXNet
+ url: https://mxnet.apache.org/
+ -
+ title: Arrow
+ text: A cross-language development platform for columnar in-memory data and analytics.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/arrow.png
+ alttext: arrow
+ url: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+ -
+ title: xtensor
+ text: Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing for numerical analysis.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xtensor.png
+ alttext: xtensor
+ url: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
+ -
+ title: XND
+ text: Develop libraries for array computing, recreating NumPy's foundational concepts.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xnd.png
+ alttext: xnd
+ url: https://xnd.io
+ -
+ title: uarray
+ text: Python backend system that decouples API from implementation; unumpy provides a NumPy API.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/uarray.png
+ alttext: uarray
+ url: https://uarray.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: tensorly
+ text: Tensor learning, algebra and backends to seamlessly use NumPy, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorFlow or CuPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorly.png
+ alttext: tensorly
+ url: http://tensorly.org/stable/home.html
+scientificdomains:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: Nearly every scientist working in Python draws on the power of NumPy.
+ -
+ text: "NumPy brings the computational power of languages like C and Fortran to Python, a language much easier to learn and use. With this power comes simplicity: a solution in NumPy is often clear and elegant."
+ librariesrow1:
+ -
+ title: 양자 컴퓨팅
+ alttext: 컴퓨터 칩.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/quantum_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: 통계적 컴퓨팅
+ alttext: 선이 위로 이동하는 선그래프.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/statistical_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: 신호 처리
+ alttext: 양의 값과 음의 값을 가지는 막대 차트.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/signal_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: 이미지 처리
+ alttext: 산이 찍힌 사진.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/image_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: 그래프 및 네트워크
+ alttext: 간단한 그래프.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/sd6.svg
+ -
+ title: 천문 데이터 처리
+ alttext: 망원경.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/astronomy_processes.svg
+ -
+ title: 인지심리학
+ alttext: 톱니바퀴가 안에서 돌아가는 사람의 머리.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/cognitive_psychology.svg
+ librariesrow2:
+ -
+ title: 생물정보학
+ alttext: DNA 가닥.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bioinformatics.svg
+ -
+ title: 베이지안 추론
+ alttext: 종 모양 곡선이 그려진 그래프.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bayesian_inference.svg
+ -
+ title: 수학적 분석
+ alttext: 수학 기호 4개.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/mathematical_analysis.svg
+ -
+ title: 화학
+ alttext: 시험관.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/chemistry.svg
+ -
+ title: 지구과학
+ alttext: 지구.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/geoscience.svg
+ -
+ title: 지리학적 처리
+ alttext: 지도.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/GIS.svg
+ -
+ title: 아키텍처 및 엔지니어링
+ alttext: 마이크로프로세서 개발 보드.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/robotics.svg
+datascience:
+ intro: "NumPy lies at the core of a rich ecosystem of data science libraries. A typical exploratory data science workflow might look like:"
+ image1:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/ds-landscape.png
+ alttext: Diagram of Python Libraries. The five catagories are 'Extract, Transform, Load', 'Data Exploration', 'Data Modeling', 'Data Evaluation' and 'Data Presentation'.
+ image2:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/data-science.png
+ alttext: Diagram of three overlapping circles. The circles are labeled 'Mathematics', 'Computer Science' and 'Domain Expertise'. In the middle of the diagram, which has the three circles overlapping it, is an area labeled 'Data Science'.
+ examples:
+ -
+ text: "Extract, Transform, Load: [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Intake](https://intake.readthedocs.io), [PyJanitor](https://pyjanitor.readthedocs.io/)"
+ -
+ text: "Exploratory analysis: [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Model and evaluate: [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org), [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/index.html), [PyMC3](https://docs.pymc.io), [spaCy](https://spacy.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Report in a dashboard: [Dash](https://plotly.com/dash), [Panel](https://panel.holoviz.org), [Voila](https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila)"
+ content:
+ -
+ text: For high data volumes, [Dask](https://dask.org) and [Ray](https://ray.io/) are designed to scale. Stable deployments rely on data versioning ([DVC](https://dvc.org)), experiment tracking ([MLFlow](https://mlflow.org)), and workflow automation ([Airflow](https://airflow.apache.org) and [Prefect](https://www.prefect.io)).
+visualization:
+ images:
+ -
+ url: https://www.fusioncharts.com/blog/best-python-data-visualization-libraries
+ img: /images/content_images/v_matplotlib.png
+ alttext: matplotlib으로 만든 streamplot
+ -
+ url: https://github.com/yhat/ggpy
+ img: /images/content_images/v_ggpy.png
+ alttext: ggpy로 만든 산점도
+ -
+ url: https://www.journaldev.com/19692/python-plotly-tutorial
+ img: /images/content_images/v_plotly.png
+ alttext: plotly로 만든 상자 그림
+ -
+ url: https://altair-viz.github.io/gallery/streamgraph.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_altair.png
+ alttext: altair로 만든 스트림 그래프
+ -
+ url: https://seaborn.pydata.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_seaborn.png
+ alttext: A pairplot of two types of graph, a plot-graph and a frequency graph made in seaborn"
+ -
+ url: https://docs.pyvista.org/examples/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_pyvista.png
+ alttext: PyVista로 만든 3D 볼륨 렌더링.
+ -
+ url: https://napari.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_napari.png
+ alttext: napari로 만든 다차원 이미지.
+ -
+ url: https://vispy.org/gallery/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_vispy.png
+ alttext: vispy로 만든 보로노이 다이어그램.
+ content:
+ -
+ text: 몇 가지만 예를 들자면 NumPy는 [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Plotly](https://plot.ly), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io), [Bokeh](https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/), [Holoviz](https://holoviz.org), [Vispy](http://vispy.org), [Napari](https://github.com/napari/napari), [PyVista](https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista) 등이 포함되어 있으며 급격히 성장해나가고 있는 [Python visualization landscape](https://pyviz.org/overviews/index.html)의 핵심 구성 요소 중 하나입니다.
+ -
+ text: NumPy는 큰 배열을 고속으로 처리할 수 있어 연구자가 기존 Python이 처리할 수 있는 데이터셋보다 훨씬 큰 것도 시각화할 수 있도록 합니다.
diff --git a/content/ko/teams.md b/content/ko/teams.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24455d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/teams.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Teams
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We are an international team on a mission to support scientific and research communities worldwide by building quality, open-source software. [Join us]({{< relref "/contribute" >}})!
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/maintainers.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/web-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/triage-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/survey-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/emeritus-maintainers.html" >}}
+
+# Governance
+
+For the list of people on the Steering Council, please see [here](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/people.html).
diff --git a/content/ko/terms.md b/content/ko/terms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a66045505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/terms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+---
+title: Terms of Use
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*Last updated January 4, 2020*
+
+
+## AGREEMENT TO TERMS
+
+These Terms of Use constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and NumPy ("**Project**", “**we**”, “**us**”, or “**our**”), concerning your access to and use of the numpy.org website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agreed to be bound by all of these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ALL OF THESE TERMS OF USE, THEN YOU ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED FROM USING THE SITE AND YOU MUST DISCONTINUE USE IMMEDIATELY.
+
+
+
+Supplemental terms and conditions or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Use at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Use, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Use to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Use by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Use are posted.
+
+
+
+The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
+
+
+## USER REPRESENTATIONS
+
+By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: (1) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Use; (2) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; and (3) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation.
+
+
+If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof).
+
+
+## PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
+
+You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available.
+
+As a user of the Site, you agree not to:
+
+1. Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
+
+2. Make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
+
+3. Use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services.
+
+4. Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site.
+
+5. Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site.
+
+6. Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
+
+7. Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
+
+8. Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
+
+9. Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site.
+
+10. Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
+
+11. Use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
+
+12. Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site.
+
+13. Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
+
+14. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
+
+15. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site.
+
+16. Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you.
+
+17. Attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site.
+
+
+## SUBMISSIONS
+
+You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site ("Submissions") provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
+
+## THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT
+
+The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites ("Third-Party Websites") as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties ("Third-Party Content"). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Use no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites.
+
+
+## SITE MANAGEMENT
+
+We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Use; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Use, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; and (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site.
+
+
+## PRIVACY POLICY
+
+We care about data privacy and security. Please review our [Privacy Policy](/privacy). By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.
+
+## TERM AND TERMINATION
+
+These Terms of Use shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF USE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION.
+
+
+## MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
+
+We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site.
+
+We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Use will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith.
+
+
+## GOVERNING LAW
+
+These Terms of Use and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State of Texas, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
+
+
+## DISPUTE RESOLUTION
+
+### Informal Negotiations
+
+To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Use (each a "Dispute" and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least thirty (30) days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party.
+
+
+### Binding Arbitration
+
+If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes ("AAA Consumer Rules"), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses. The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in Travis County, Texas. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator.
+
+If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in Travis County, Texas, and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non conveniens with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Use.
+
+In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than one (1) years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+### Restrictions
+
+The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons.
+
+
+### Exceptions to Informal Negotiations and Arbitration
+
+The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning informal negotiations and binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+## CORRECTIONS
+
+There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice.
+
+
+## DISCLAIMER
+
+THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
+
+
+## LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
+
+IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
+
+
+## INDEMNIFICATION
+
+You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) use of the Site; (2) breach of these Terms of Use; (3) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Use; (4) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (5) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it.
+
+
+## USER DATA
+
+We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Site for the purpose of managing the performance of the Site, as well as data relating to your use of the Site. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Site. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
+
+
+## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
+
+Visiting the Site, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Site, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE SITE. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
+
+
+## CALIFORNIA USERS AND RESIDENTS
+
+If any complaint with us is not satisfactorily resolved, you can contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs in writing at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834 or by telephone at (800) 952-5210 or (916) 445-1254.
+
+
+## MISCELLANEOUS
+
+These Terms of Use and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site or in respect to the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Use operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Use is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Use and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Use or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Use will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Use and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Use.
+
+## CONTACT US
+
+In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Site or to receive further information regarding use of the Site, please contact us at:
+
+NumFOCUS, Inc. P.O. Box 90596 Austin, TX, USA 78709 info@numfocus.org +1 (512) 222-5449
+
+
+
diff --git a/content/ko/user-survey-2020.md b/content/ko/user-survey-2020.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..902100702b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/user-survey-2020.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: 2020 NUMPY 커뮤니티 설문조사
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+2020년, NumPy 팀은 조사방법론 학사 과정의 학생 및 교수와 협력하여 미시간 대학과 매릴렌드 대학이 공동으로 개최한 첫 공식 NumPy 커뮤니티 조사를 실시했습니다. 75개국 내 1200명 이상의 사용자 여러분들께서 저희가 NumPy 커뮤니티의 가닥을 잡을 수 있도록 도와주기 위해 참여해주셨으며 프로젝트의 미래에 대한 생각을 표현해주셨습니다.
+
+{{< figure src="/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report_cover.png" class="fig-left" alt="'NumPy Community Survey 2020 - results'라는 제목이 붙은 2020년 NumPy 사용자 설문조사 보고서 표지" width="250">}}
+
+**[보고서를 내려받아서](/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report.pdf)** 설문조사 결과를 자세히 들여다 보세요.
+
+
+요점만 보시려면, **[이 인포그래픽](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/blob/master/images/2020NumPysurveyresults_community_infographic.pdf)**을 참고하시기 바랍니다.
+
+더욱 자세한 정보가 궁금하신가요? **https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020-details/** 페이지를 방문하세요.
+
diff --git a/content/ko/user-surveys.md b/content/ko/user-surveys.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fec78190d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/ko/user-surveys.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: NUMPY 사용자 설문조사
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**2020년** NumPy 조사 팀은 조사방법론 학사 과정의 학생 및 교수와 협력하여 미시간 대학과 매릴렌드 대학이 공동으로 개최한 첫 공식 NumPy 커뮤니티 조사를 실시했습니다. [여기](https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020/)서 조사 결과를 확인하세요.
+
+**2021년** 수집한 데이터가 현재 분석 중입니다.
+
+과거나 미래 설문조사에 대해 질문이나 제안 사항이 있으시면, [여기](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/issues)서 이슈를 생성하세요.
diff --git a/content/pt/404.md b/content/pt/404.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..627cde96d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/404.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 404
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+Oops! Você atingiu um beco sem saída.
+
+Se você acha que algo deveria estar aqui, você pode [abrir uma issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy.org/issues) no GitHub.
diff --git a/content/pt/about.md b/content/pt/about.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5601824cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/about.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: Quem Somos
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+_Algumas informações sobre o projeto NumPy e a comunidade_
+
+NumPy é um projeto de código aberto visando habilitar a computação numérica com Python. Foi criado em 2005, com base no trabalho inicial das bibliotecas Numeric e Numarray. NumPy will always be 100% open source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the [modified BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+O NumPy é desenvolvido no GitHub, por meio do consenso da comunidade NumPy e de uma comunidade científica em Python mais ampla. Para obter mais informações sobre nossa abordagem de governança, por favor, consulte nosso [Documento de Governança](https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/index.html).
+
+
+## Conselho Diretor (Steering Council)
+
+O papel do Conselho Diretor do NumPy consiste em assegurar o bem-estar a longo prazo do projeto, tanto nos aspectos técnicos quanto na comunidade. Isso é feito através do trabalho com e para a comunidade NumPy em geral. O Conselho Diretor do NumPy atualmente consiste dos seguintes membros (em ordem alfabética):
+
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Charles Harris
+- Stephan Hoyer
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Inessa Pawson
+- Matti Picus
+- Stéfan van der Walt
+- Eric Wieser
+
+Membros Eméritos:
+
+- Travis Oliphant (fundador do projeto, 2005-2012)
+- Alex Griffing (2015-2017)
+- Marten van Kerkwijk (2017-2019)
+- Allan Haldane
+- Nathaniel Smith
+- Julian Taylor
+- Pauli Virtanen
+- Jaime Fernández del Río
+
+
+## Times
+
+The NumPy project is growing! 🎉 We have teams for:
+
+- código
+- documentação
+- website
+- triagem
+- survey
+- funding and grants
+
+See the [}}">Team]({{< relref) page for individual team members.
+
+## Subcomitê NumFOCUS
+
+- Charles Harris
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Membro externo: Thomas Caswell
+
+## Patrocinadores
+
+O NumPy recebe financiamento direto das seguintes fontes:
+{{< sponsors >}}
+
+
+## Parceiros Institucionais
+
+Os Parceiros Institucionais são organizações que apoiam o projeto, empregando pessoas que contribuem para a NumPy como parte de seu trabalho. Os parceiros institucionais atuais incluem:
+
+- UC Berkeley (Stéfan van der Walt, Sebastian Berg, Ross Barnowski)
+- Quansight (Ralf Gommers, Melissa Weber Mendonça, Mars Lee, Matti Picus, Pearu Peterson)
+
+{{< partners >}}
+
+
+## Doações
+
+Se você achou o NumPy útil no seu trabalho, pesquisa ou empresa, por favor considere fazer uma doação para o projeto que seja compatível com seus recursos. Qualquer quantidade ajuda! Todas as doações serão utilizadas estritamente para financiar o desenvolvimento do software de código aberto da NumPy, documentação e comunidade.
+
+NumPy é um Projeto Patrocinado da NumFOCUS, uma instituição de caridade sem fins lucrativos nos Estados Unidos. A NumFOCUS fornece ao NumPy apoio fiscal, legal e administrativo para ajudar a garantir a saúde e a sustentabilidade do projeto. Visite [numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org) para obter mais informações.
+
+Doações para o NumPy são gerenciadas pela [NumFOCUS](https://numfocus.org). Para doadores nos Estados Unidos, sua doação é dedutível para fins fiscais na medida oferecida pela lei. Como em qualquer doação, você deve consultar seu conselheiro fiscal sobre sua situação fiscal em particular.
+
+O Conselho Diretor do NumPy tomará as decisões sobre a melhor forma de utilizar os fundos recebidos. Prioridades técnicas e de infraestrutura estão documentadas no [NumPy Roadmap](https://www.numpy.org/neps/index.html#roadmap).
+{{< numfocus >}}
diff --git a/content/pt/arraycomputing.md b/content/pt/arraycomputing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf4bb3baa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/arraycomputing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: Computação com Arrays
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*A computação com arrays é a base para estatística e matemática computacionais, computação científica e suas várias aplicações em ciência e análise de dados, tais como visualização de dados, processamento de sinais digitais, processamento de imagens, bioinformática, aprendizagem de máquina, IA e muitas outras.*
+
+A manipulação e a transformação de dados de grande escala dependem de computação eficiente de alta performance com arrays. A linguagem mais escolhida para análise de dados, aprendizagem de máquina e computação numérica produtiva é **Python.**
+
+**Num**erical **Py**thon (Python Numérico) ou NumPy é a biblioteca padrão em Python que dá suporte à utilização de matrizes e arrays multidimensionais de grande porte, e vem com uma vasta coleção de funções matemáticas de alto nível para operar nestas arrays.
+
+Desde o lançamento do NumPy em 2006, o Pandas apareceu em 2008, e nos últimos anos vimos uma sucessão de bibliotecas de computação com arrays aparecerem, ocupando e preenchendo o campo da computação com arrays. Muitas dessas bibliotecas mais recentes imitam recursos e capacidades parecidas com o NumPy e entregam algoritmos e recursos mais recentes voltados para aplicações de aprendizagem de máquina e inteligência artificial.
+
+
+
+A **computação com arrays** é baseada em estruturas de dados chamadas **arrays**. *Arrays* são usadas para organizar grandes quantidades de dados de forma que um conjunto de valores relacionados possa ser facilmente ordenado, obtido, matematicamente manipulado e transformado fácil e rapidamente.
+
+A computação com arrays é *única* pois envolve operar nos valores de um array de dados *de uma vez*. Isso significa que qualquer operação de array se aplica a todo um conjunto de valores de uma só vez. Esta abordagem vetorizada fornece velocidade e simplicidade por permitir que os programadores organizem o código e operem em agregados de dados, sem ter que usar laços com operações escalares individuais.
diff --git a/content/pt/case-studies/blackhole-image.md b/content/pt/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..209b669074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Estudo de Caso: A Primeira Imagem de um Buraco Negro"
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/blackhole.jpg" caption="**Buraco Negro M87**" alt="imagem de um buraco negro" attr="*(Créditos: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)*" attrlink="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/universe/20190410/blackhole20190410.jpg" >}}
+
+++ +## Um telescópio do tamanho da Terra + +O [telescópio Event Horizon (EHT)](https://eventhorizontelescope.org), é um conjunto de oito telescópios em solo formando um telescópio computacional do tamanho da Terra, projetado para estudar o universo com sensibilidade e resolução sem precedentes. O enorme telescópio virtual, que usa uma técnica chamada interferometria de longa linha de base (VLBI), tem uma resolução angular de [20 micro-arcossegundos][resolution] — o suficiente para ler um jornal em Nova Iorque a partir de um café em uma calçada de Paris! + +### Principais Objetivos e Resultados + +* **Uma nova visão do universo:** A imagem inovadora do EHT foi publicada 100 anos após [o experimento de Sir Arthur Eddington][eddington] ter produzido as primeiras evidências observacionais apoiando a teoria da relatividade geral de Einstein. + +* **O Buraco Negro:** o EHT foi treinado em um buraco negro supermassivo a aproximadamente 55 milhões de anos-luz da Terra, localizado no centro do galáxia Messier 87 (M87) no aglomerado de Virgem. Sua massa é equivalente a 6,5 bilhões de vezes a do Sol. Ele vem sendo estudado [há mais de 100 anos](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385), mas um buraco negro nunca havia sido observado visualmente antes. + +* **Comparando observações com a teoria:** Pela teoria geral da relatividade de Einstein, os cientistas esperavam encontrar uma região de sombra causada pela distorção e captura da luz causada pela influência gravitacional do buraco negro. Os cientistas poderiam usá-la para medir a enorme massa do mesmo. + +### Desafios + +* **Escala computacional** + + O EHT representa um desafio imenso em processamento de dados, incluindo rápidas flutuações de fase atmosférica, uma largura grande de banda nas gravações e telescópios que são muito diferentes e geograficamente dispersos. + +* **Muitas informações** + + A cada dia, o EHT gera mais de 350 terabytes de observações, armazenadas em discos rígidos cheios de hélio. Reduzir o volume e a complexidade desse volume de dados é extremamente difícil. + +* **Em direção ao desconhecido** + + Quando o objetivo é algo que nunca foi visto, como os cientistas podem ter confiança de que sua imagem está correta? + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/dataprocessbh.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Etapas de Processamento de Dados do EHT**" alt="pipeline de dados" align="middle" attr="(Créditos do diagrama: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)" attrlink="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57" >}} + +## O papel do NumPy + +E se houver um problema com os dados? Ou talvez um algoritmo seja muito dependente de uma hipótese em particular. A imagem será alterada drasticamente se um único parâmetro for alterado? + +A colaboração do EHT venceu esses desafios ao estabelecer equipes independentes que avaliaram os dados usando técnicas de reconstrução de imagem estabelecidas e de ponta para verificar se as imagens resultantes eram consistentes. Quando os resultados se provaram consistentes, eles foram combinados para produzir a imagem inédita do buraco negro. + +O trabalho desse grupo ilustra o papel do ecossistema científico do Python no avanço da ciência através da análise de dados colaborativa. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/bh_numpy_role.png" class="fig-center" alt="o papel do NumPy" caption="**O papel do NumPy na criação da primeira imagem de um Buraco Negro**" >}} + +Por exemplo, o pacote Python [`eht-imaging`][ehtim] fornece ferramentas para simular e realizar reconstrução de imagem nos dados do VLBI. O NumPy está no coração do processamento de dados vetoriais usado neste pacote, como ilustrado pelo gráfico parcial de dependências de software abaixo. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ehtim_numpy.png" class="fig-center" alt="mapa de dependências do ehtim com o numpy em realce" caption="**Diagrama de dependência de software do pacote ehtim evidenciando o NumPy**" >}} + +Além do NumPy, muitos outros pacotes como [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org) e [Pandas](https://pandas.io) foram usados na *pipeline* de processamento de dados para criar a imagem do buraco negro. Os arquivos astronômicos de formato padrão e transformações de tempo/coordenadas foram tratados pelo [Astropy][astropy] enquanto a [Matplotlib][mpl] foi usada na visualização de dados em todas as etapas de análise, incluindo a geração da imagem final do buraco negro. + +## Resumo + +A estrutura de dados n-dimensional que é a funcionalidade central do NumPy permitiu aos pesquisadores manipular grandes conjuntos de dados, fornecendo a base para a primeira imagem de um buraco negro. Esse momento marcante na ciência fornece evidências visuais impressionantes para a teoria de Einstein. Esta conquista abrange não apenas avanços tecnológicos, mas colaboração científica em escala internacional entre mais de 200 cientistas e alguns dos melhores observatórios de rádio do mundo. Eles usaram algoritmos e técnicas de processamento de dados inovadores, que aperfeiçoaram os modelos astronômicos existentes, para ajudar a descobrir um dos mistérios do universo. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="funcionalidades do numpy" caption="**Funcionalidades-chave do NumPy utilizadas**" >}} + +[resolution]: https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole + +[eddington]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment + +[ehtim]: https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging + +[astropy]: https://www.astropy.org/ +[mpl]: https://matplotlib.org/ diff --git a/content/pt/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md b/content/pt/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b1e3b87c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +--- +title: "Estudo de Caso: Análise de Críquete, a revolução!" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/ipl-stadium.png" caption="**IPLT20, o maior festival de Críquete da Índia**" alt="Copa e estádio da Indian Premier League Cricket" attr="*(Créditos de imagem: IPLT20 (cup and logo) & Akash Yadav (stadium))*" attrlink="https://unsplash.com/@aksh1802" >}} + +Criar uma imagem do Buraco Negro M87 é como tentar ver algo que, por definição, é impossível de se ver.
+ +
++ +## Sobre Críquete + +Dizer que os indianos adoram o críquete seria subestimar este sentimento. O jogo é jogado praticamente em todas as localidades da Índia, rurais ou urbanas, e é popular com os jovens e os anciões, conectando bilhões de pessoas na Índia como nenhum outro esporte. O críquete também recebe muita atenção da mídia. Há uma quantidade significativa de [dinheiro](https://www.statista.com/topics/4543/indian-premier-league-ipl/) e fama em jogo. Ao longo dos últimos anos, a tecnologia foi literalmente uma revolução. As audiências tem uma ampla possibilidade de escolha, com mídias de streaming, torneios, acesso barato a jogos de críquete ao vivo em dispositivos móveis, e mais. + +A Primeira Liga Indiana (*Indian Premier League* - IPL) é uma liga profissional de críquete [Twenty20](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20), fundada em 2008. É um dos eventos de críquete mais assistidos no mundo, avaliado em [$6,7 bilhões de dólares](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League) em 2019. + +Críquete é um jogo dominado pelos números - as corridas executadas por umVocê não joga para a torcida, joga para o país.
+ +
++ +## Sobre o DeepLabCut + +[DeepLabCut](https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut) é uma toolbox de código aberto que permite que pesquisadores de centenas de instituições em todo o mundo rastreiem o comportamento de animais de laboratório, com muito poucos dados de treinamento, mas com precisão no nível humano. Com a tecnologia DeepLabCut, cientistas podem aprofundar a compreensão científica do controle motor e do comportamento em diversas espécies animais e escalas temporais. + +Várias áreas de pesquisa, incluindo a neurociência, a medicina e a biomecânica, utilizam dados de rastreamento da movimentação de animais. A DeepLabCut ajuda a compreender o que os seres humanos e outros animais estão fazendo, analisando ações que foram registradas em vídeo. Ao usar automação para tarefas trabalhosas de monitoramento e marcação, junto com análise de dados baseada em redes neurais profundas, a DeepLabCut garante que estudos científicos envolvendo a observação de animais como primatas, camundongos, peixes, moscas etc. sejam mais rápidos e precisos. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/race-horse.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**Pontos coloridos rastreiam as posições das partes do corpo de um cavalo de corrida**" alt="animação de um jóquei em um cavalo correndo" attr="*(Fonte: Mackenzie Mathis)*">}} + +O rastreamento não invasivo dos animais pela DeepLabCut através da extração de poses é crucial para pesquisas científicas em domínios como a biomecânica, genética, etologia e neurociência. Medir as poses dos animais de maneira não invasiva através de vídeo - sem marcadores - com fundos dinâmicos é computacionalmente desafiador, tanto tecnicamente quanto em termos de recursos e dados de treinamento necessários. + +A DeepLabCut permite que pesquisadores façam estimativas de poses para os sujeitos, permitindo que se possa quantificar de maneira eficiente seus comportamentos através de um conjunto de ferramentas de software baseado em Python. Com a DeepLabCut, pesquisadores podem identificar quadros (*frames*) distintos em vídeos e rotular digitalmente partes específicas do corpo em alguns quadros com uma GUI especializada. A partir disso, a arquitetura de estimação de poses baseada em deep learning da DeepLabCut aprende a selecionar essas mesmas características no resto do vídeo e em outros vídeos similares. A ferramenta funciona para várias espécies de animais, desde animais comuns em laboratórios, como moscas e camundongos, até os mais incomuns, como [guepardos][cheetah-movement]. + +A DeepLabCut usa um princípio chamado [aprendizado por transferência (*transfer learning*)](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11229), o que reduz enormemente a quantidade de dados de treinamento necessários e acelera a convergência do período de treinamento. Dependendo das suas necessidades, usuários podem escolher diferentes arquiteturas de rede que forneçam inferência mais rápida (por exemplo, MobileNetV2), e que também podem ser combinadas com feedback experimental em tempo real. A DeepLabCut usou originalmente os detectores de features de uma arquitetura de alto desempenho para estimativa de poses humanas, chamada [DeeperCut](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03170), que inspirou seu nome. O pacote foi significativamente alterado para incluir mais arquiteturas, métodos de ampliação e uma experiência de usuário completa no front-end. Além de possibilitar experimentos biológicos em grande escala, DeepLabCut fornece capacidades ativas de aprendizado para que os usuários possam aumentar o conjunto de treinamento ao longo do tempo, para incluir casos particulares e tornar seu algoritmo de estimativa de poses robusto no seu contexto específico. + +Recentemente, foi introduzido o [modelo DeepLabCut zoo](http://www.mousemotorlab.org/dlc-modelzoo), que proporciona modelos pré-treinados para várias espécies e condições experimentais, desde a análise facial em primatas até à posição de cães. Isso pode ser executado na nuvem, por exemplo, sem qualquer rotulagem de novos dados ou treinamento em rede neural, e não é necessária nenhuma experiência em programação. + +### Principais Objetivos e Resultados + +* **Automação da análise de poses animais para estudos científicos:** + + O objetivo principal da tecnologia DeepLabCut é medir e rastrear a postura dos animais em várias configurações. Esses dados podem ser usados, por exemplo, em estudos de neurociência para entender como o cérebro controla o movimento, ou para elucidar como os animais interagem socialmente. Pesquisadores observaram que [desempenho é 10 vezes melhor](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457242v1) com o DeepLabCut. Poses podem ser inferidas off-line em até 1200 quadros por segundo (FPS). + +* **Criação de um kit de ferramentas Python fácil de usar para estimativa de poses:** + + DeepLabCut queria compartilhar sua tecnologia de estimativa de poses de animais na forma de uma ferramenta simples de usar que pudesse ser adotada pelos pesquisadores facilmente. Assim, criaram um conjunto de ferramentas em Python completo e fácil de usar, também com recursos de gerenciamento de projeto. Isso permite não apenas a automação de estimação de poses, mas também o gerenciamento do projeto de ponta a ponta, ajudando o usuário do DeepLabCut Toolkit desde a fase de coleta para criar fluxos de dados compartilháveis e reutilizáveis. + + Seu [conjunto de ferramentas][DLCToolkit] agora está disponível como software de código aberto. + + Um fluxo de trabalho típico na DeepLabCut inclui: + + - criação e refinamento de conjuntos de treinamento por meio de aprendizagem ativa + - criação de redes neurais personalizadas para animais e cenários específicos + - código para inferência em larga escala em vídeos + - inferências de desenho usando ferramentas integradas de visualização + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-toolkit-steps.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Passos na estimação de poses com DeepLabCut**" alt="diagrama de passos na estimação de poses" align="middle" attr="(Fonte: DeepLabCut)" attrlink="https://twitter.com/DeepLabCut/status/1198046918284210176/photo/1" >}} + +### Desafios + +* **Velocidade** + + Processamento rápido de vídeos de animais para medir seu comportamento e, ao mesmo tempo, tornar os experimentos científicos mais eficientes e precisos. Extrair poses animais detalhadas para experimentos em laboratório, sem marcadores, sobre fundos dinâmicos, pode ser desafiador tanto tecnicamente quanto em termos de recursos e dados de treinamento necessários. Criar uma ferramenta que seja fácil de usar sem necessidade de habilidades como expertise em visão computacional que permita aos cientistas fazerem pesquisa em contextos mais próximos do mundo real é um problema não-trivial a ser solucionado. + +* **Combinatória** + + Combinatória envolve a junção e integração de movimentos de múltiplos membros em um comportamento animal único. Reunir pontos-chave e suas conexões em movimentos animais individuais e encadeá-los em função do tempo é um processo complexo que exige análise numérica intensa, especialmente nos casos de rastreio de múltiplos animais em vídeos experimentais. + +* **Processamento de dados** + + Por último, mas não menos importante, manipulação de matrizes - processar grandes conjuntos de matrizes correspondentes a várias imagens, tensores alvo e pontos-chave é bastante desafiador. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/pose-estimation.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**Estimação de poses e complexidade**" alt="6 imagens com diferentes exemplos de captura de movimento" align="middle" attr="(Fonte: Mackenzie Mathis)" attrlink="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/476531v1.full.pdf" >}} + +## O papel do NumPy nos desafios da estimação de poses + +NumPy supre a principal necessidade da tecnologia DeepLabCut de cálculos numéricos de alta velocidade para análises comportamentais. Além da NumPy, DeepLabCut emprega várias bibliotecas Python que usam a NumPy como sua base, tais como [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org), [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Tensorpack](https://github.com/tensorpack/tensorpack), [imgaug](https://github.com/aleju/imgaug), [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/), [scikit-image](https://scikit-image.org) e [Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org). + +As seguintes características da NumPy desempenharam um papel fundamental para atender às necessidades de processamento de imagens, combinatória e cálculos rápidos nos algoritmos de estimação de pose na DeepLabCut: + +* Vetorização +* Operações em arrays com máscaras +* Álgebra linear +* Amostragem aleatória +* Reordenamento de matrizes grandes + +A DeepLabCut utiliza as capacidades de manipulação de arrays do NumPy em todo o fluxo de trabalho oferecido pelo seu conjunto de ferramentas. Em particular, a NumPy é usada para amostragem de quadros distintos para serem rotulados com anotações humanas e para escrita, edição e processamento de dados de anotação. Dentro da TensorFlow, a rede neural é treinada pela tecnologia DeepLabCut em milhares de iterações para prever as anotações verdadeiras dos quadros. Para este propósito, densidades de alvo (*scoremaps*) são criadas para colocar a estimativa como um problema de tradução de imagem a imagem. Para tornar as redes neurais robustas, o aumento de dados é empregado, o que requer o cálculo de scoremaps alvo sujeitos a várias etapas geométricas e de processamento de imagem. Para tornar o treinamento rápido, os recursos de vectorização da NumPy são utilizados. Para inferência, as previsões mais prováveis de scoremaps alvo precisam ser extraídas e é necessário "vincular previsões para montar animais individuais" de maneira eficiente. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-workflow.png" class="fig-center" caption="**Fluxo de dados DeepLabCut**" alt="diagrama com o fluxo de dados do deeplabcut" attr="*(Fonte: Mackenzie Mathis)*" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DeepLabCut-work-flow-The-diagram-delineates-the-work-flow-as-well-as-the-directory-and_fig1_329185962">}} + +## Resumo + +Observação e descrição eficiente do comportamento é uma peça fundamental da etologia, neurociência, medicina e tecnologia modernas. [DeepLabCut](http://orga.cvss.cc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NathMathis2019.pdf) permite que os pesquisadores estimem a pose do sujeito, permitindo efetivamente que o seu comportamento seja quantificado. Com apenas um pequeno conjunto de imagens de treinamento, o conjunto de ferramentas em Python da DeepLabCut permite treinar uma rede neural tão precisa quanto a rotulagem humana, expandindo assim sua aplicação para não só análise de comportamento dentro do laboratório, mas também potencialmente em esportes, análise de locomoção, medicina e estudos sobre reabilitação. Desafios complexos em combinatória e processamento de dados enfrentados pelos algoritmos da DeepLabCut são tratados através do uso de recursos de manipulação de matriz do NumPy. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_dlc_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Recursos chave do NumPy utilizados**" >}} + +[cheetah-movement]: https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/interview-a-deeper-cut-into-behavior-with-mackenzie-mathis-327618 + +[DLCToolkit]: https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut diff --git a/content/pt/case-studies/gw-discov.md b/content/pt/case-studies/gw-discov.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1064e5ca32 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/case-studies/gw-discov.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +--- +title: "Estudo de Caso: Descoberta de Ondas Gravitacionais" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image.png" class="fig-center" caption="**Ondas gravitacionais**" alt="duas esferas orbitando a si mesmas, gerando ondas gravitacionais" attr="*(Créditos de imagem: O projeto Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) no LIGO)*" attrlink="https://youtu.be/Zt8Z_uzG71o" >}} + +Software de código aberto está acelerando a Biomedicina. DeepLabCut permite a análise automática de vídeos de comportamento animal usando Deep Learning.
+ +
++ +## Sobre [Ondas Gravitacionais](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/what-are-gravitational-waves-ligo-astronomy-science/) e o [LIGO](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) + +Ondas gravitacionais são ondulações no tecido espaço-tempo, geradas por eventos cataclísmicos no universo, como a colisão e a fusão de dois buracos negros ou a coalescência de estrelas binárias ou supernovas. A observação de ondas gravitacionais pode ajudar não só no estudo da gravidade, mas também no entendimento de alguns dos fenômenos obscuros existentes no universo distante e seu impacto. + +O [Observatório Interferômetro Laser de Ondas Gravitacionais (LIGO)](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) foi projetado para abrir o campo da astrofísica das ondas gravitacionais através da detecção direta de ondas gravitacionais previstas pela Teoria Geral da Relatividade de Einstein. It comprises two widely separated interferometers within the United States — one in Hanford, Washington and the other in Livingston, Louisiana — operated in unison to detect gravitational waves. Cada um deles tem detectores em escala quilométrica de ondas gravitacionais que usam interferometria laser. A Colaboração Científica LIGO (LSC), é um grupo de mais de 1000 cientistas de universidades dos Estados Unidos e em 14 outros países apoiados por mais de 90 universidades e institutos de pesquisa; aproximadamente 250 estudantes contribuem ativamente com a colaboração. A nova descoberta do LIGO é a primeira observação de ondas gravitacionais em si, feita medindo os pequenos distúrbios que as ondas fazem ao espaço-tempo enquanto atravessam a Terra. A descoberta abriu novas fronteiras astrofísicas que exploram o lado "curvado" do universo - objetos e fenômenos que são feitos a partir da curvatura do espaço-tempo. + + +### Objetivos + +* Embora sua [missão](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-ligo) seja detectar ondas gravitacionais de alguns dos processos mais violentos e enérgicos no Universo, os dados que o LIGO coleta podem ter efeitos de grande alcance em muitas áreas da física, incluindo gravitação, relatividade, astrofísica, cosmologia, física de partículas e física nuclear. +* Processar dados observados através de cálculos numéricos de relatividade que envolvem matemática complexa para identificar o sinal e o ruído, filtrar o sinal relevante e estimar estatisticamente o significado dos dados observados. +* Visualização de dados para que os resultados binários/numéricos possam ser compreendidos. + + + +### Desafios + +* **Computação** + + As ondas gravitacionais são difíceis de detectar pois produzem um efeito muito pequeno e têm uma pequena interação com a matéria. Processar e analisar todos os dados do LIGO requer uma vasta infraestrutura de computação. Depois de cuidar do ruído, que é bilhões de vezes maior que o sinal, ainda há equações de relatividade complexas e enormes quantidades de dados que apresentam um desafio computacional: [O(10^7) horas de CPU necessárias para análises de fusão binária](https://youtu.be/7mcHknWWzNI) espalhado em 6 clusters dedicados ao LIGO. + +* **Sobrecarga de dados** + + À medida que os dispositivos observacionais se tornam mais sensíveis e confiáveis, os desafios criados pela sobrecarga de dados e a procura por uma agulha em um palheiro se tornam muito maiores. O LIGO gera terabytes de dados todos os dias! Entender esses dados requer um enorme esforço para cada detecção. Por exemplo, os sinais sendo coletados pelo LIGO devem ser combinados por supercomputadores e comparados a centenas de milhares de modelos de possíveis assinaturas de ondas gravitacionais. + +* **Visualização** + + Uma vez que os obstáculos relacionados a compreender as equações de Einstein bem o suficiente para resolvê-las usando supercomputadores foram ultrapassados, o próximo grande desafio era tornar os dados compreensíveis para o cérebro humano. A modelagem de simulações, assim como a detecção de sinais, exigem técnicas de visualização efetiva. A visualização também desempenha um papel de fornecer mais credibilidade à relatividade numérica aos olhos dos aficionados pela ciência pura, que não dão importância suficiente à relatividade numérica até que a imagem e as simulações tornem mais fácil a compreensão dos resultados para um público maior. A velocidade da computação complexa, e da renderização, re-renderização de imagens e simulações usando as últimas entradas e informações experimentais pode ser uma atividade demorada que desafia pesquisadores neste domínio. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude.png" class="fig-center" alt="amplitude da deformação das ondas gravitacionais" caption="**Amplitude estimada da deformação das ondas gravitacionais do evento GW150914**" attr="(**Créditos do gráfico:** Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, ResearchGate Publication)" attrlink="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger" >}} + +## O papel do NumPy na detecção de ondas gravitacionais + +Ondas gravitacionais emitidas da fusão não podem ser calculadas usando nenhuma técnica a não ser relatividade numérica por força bruta usando supercomputadores. A quantidade de dados que o LIGO coleta é imensa tanto quanto os sinais de ondas gravitacionais são pequenos. + +NumPy, o pacote padrão de análise numérica para Python, foi parte do software utilizado para várias tarefas executadas durante o projeto de detecção de ondas gravitacionais no LIGO. O NumPy ajudou a resolver problemas matemáticos e de manipulação de dados complexos em alta velocidade. Aqui estão alguns exemplos: + +* [Processamento de sinais](https://www.uv.es/virgogroup/Denoising_ROF.html): Detecção de falhas, [Identificação de ruídos e caracterização de dados](https://ep2016.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/pyhton-in-gravitational-waves-research-communities.pdf) (NumPy, scikit-learn, scipy, matplotlib, pandas, PyCharm) +* Recuperação de dados: Decidir quais dados podem ser analisados, compreender se os dados contém um sinal - como uma agulha em um palheiro +* Análise estatística: estimar o significado estatístico dos dados observados, estimando os parâmetros do sinal (por exemplo, massa de estrelas, velocidade de giro e distância) em comparação com um modelo. +* Visualização de dados + - Séries temporais + - Espectrogramas +* Cálculo de correlações +* [Software](https://github.com/lscsoft) fundamental desenvolvido na análise de ondas gravitacionais, como [GwPy](https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html) e [PyCBC](https://pycbc.org) usam NumPy e AstroPy internamente para fornecer interfaces baseadas em objetos para utilidades, ferramentas e métodos para o estudo de dados de detectores de ondas gravitacionais. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/gwpy-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gráfico de dependências do gwpy com o NumPy em realce" caption="**Gráfico de dependências mostrando como o pacote GwPy depende do NumPy**" >}} + +---- + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/PyCBC-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gráfico de dependências do PyCBC com NumPy em realce" caption="**Gráfico de dependências mostrando como o pacote PyCBC depende do NumPy**" >}} + +## Resumo + +A detecção de ondas gravitacionais permitiu que pesquisadores descobrissem fenômenos totalmente inesperados ao mesmo tempo em que proporcionaram novas idéias sobre muitos dos fenômenos mais profundos conhecidos na astrofísica. O processamento e a visualização de dados é um passo crucial que ajuda cientistas a obter informações coletadas de observações científicas e a entender os resultados. Os cálculos são complexos e não podem ser compreendidos por humanos a não ser que sejam visualizados usando simulações de computador que são alimentadas com dados e análises reais observados. O NumPy, junto com outras bibliotecas Python, como matplotlib, pandas, e scikit-learn [permitem que pesquisadores](https://www.gw-openscience.org/events/GW150914/) respondam perguntas complexas e descubram novos horizontes em nossa compreensão do universo. + +{{< figure src="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_gw_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="funcionalidades do numpy" caption="**Recursos chave do NumPy utilizados**" >}} diff --git a/content/pt/citing-numpy.md b/content/pt/citing-numpy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f10e1042ca --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/citing-numpy.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +--- +title: Citando o NumPy +sidebar: false +--- + +Se o NumPy é importante na sua pesquisa, e você gostaria de dar reconhecimento ao projeto na sua publicação acadêmica, sugerimos citar os seguintes documentos: + +* Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J. et al. _Array programming with NumPy_. Nature 585, 357–362 (2020). DOI: [10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2). ([Link da editora](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2)). + +_Em formato BibTeX:_ + + ``` +@Article{ harris2020array, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and St{'{e}}fan J. + van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and Pauli Virtanen and David + Cournapeau and Eric Wieser and Julian Taylor and Sebastian + Berg and Nathaniel J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus + and Stephan Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew + Brett and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{'{a}}ndez del + R{'{\i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and Pierre + G{'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and Tyler Reddy and + Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi and Christoph Gohlke and + Travis E. Oliphant}, + year = {2020}, + month = sep, + journal = {Nature}, + volume = {585}, + number = {7825}, + pages = {357--362}, + doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, + publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2} +} +``` diff --git a/content/pt/code-of-conduct.md b/content/pt/code-of-conduct.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5a29dbde43 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/code-of-conduct.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: Código de Conduta NumPy +sidebar: false +aliases: + - /conduct.html +--- + +### Introdução + +Este código de conduta aplica-se a todos os espaços gerenciados pelo projeto NumPy, incluindo todas as listas de discussão públicas e privadas, *issue tracker*, wikis, blogs, Twitter e qualquer outro canal de comunicação usado pela nossa comunidade. O projeto NumPy não organiza eventos presenciais. No entanto, os eventos relacionados à nossa comunidade devem ter um código de conduta semelhante ao atual. + +Este Código de Conduta deve ser honrado por todas as pessoas que participam da comunidade NumPy formal ou informalmente, ou que reivindicam qualquer afiliação com o projeto, em qualquer atividade relacionada ao projeto, especialmente ao representar o projeto, em qualquer função. + +Este código não é exaustivo ou completo. Serve para disseminar a nossa compreensão comum de um ambiente colaborativo e de objetivos compartilhados entre nós. Por favor, tente seguir este código tanto na essência quanto ao pé da letra, para criar um ambiente amigável e produtivo que enriqueça a comunidade em geral. + +### Diretrizes específicas + +Nós nos esforçamos para: + +1. Sermos abertos. Convidamos qualquer pessoa a participar da nossa comunidade. Preferimos usar métodos públicos de comunicação para mensagens relacionadas aos projetos, a menos que estejamos discutindo algo sensível. Isso se aplica a mensagens em busca de ajuda ou suporte relacionado ao projeto também; não só é muito mais provável que um pedido de ajuda público resulte em uma resposta, mas isso também garante que qualquer erro involuntário na resposta seja mais facilmente detectado e corrigido. +2. Sermos empáticos, acolhedores, amigáveis e pacientes. Trabalhamos juntos para resolver conflitos e acreditamos em boas intenções. Todos nós podemos sentir alguma frustração de vez em quando, mas não permitimos que a frustração se transforme num ataque pessoal. Uma comunidade onde as pessoas se sentem desconfortáveis ou ameaçadas não é uma comunidade produtiva. +3. Sermos colaborativos. O nosso trabalho será utilizado por outras pessoas e, por sua vez, dependeremos do trabalho dos outros. Quando fazemos algo em benefício do projeto, estamos dispostos a explicar aos outros como esse algo funciona, para que outros possam desenvolver o trabalho e torná-lo ainda melhor. Qualquer decisão que tomemos afetará nossos usuários e os colegas, e levamos essas consequências a sério quando tomamos decisões. +4. Sermos questionadores. Ninguém sabe tudo! Fazer perguntas antecipadamente evita muitos problemas mais tarde, por isso encorajamos as perguntas, embora possamos encaminhá-las para um fórum adequado. Vamos nos esforçar para sermos sensíveis e úteis. +5. Termos cuidado com as palavras que escolhemos. Sejamos cuidadosos e respeitosos na nossa comunicação e tomemos para nós a responsabilidade pelo nosso próprio discurso. Seja gentil com os outros. Não insulte ou deprecie outros participantes. Nós não aceitaremos assédio ou outros comportamentos exclusivos, como: + * Ameaças ou linguagem violenta direcionadas contra outra pessoa. + * Piadas e linguagem sexista, racista ou discriminatória. + * Postagem de material sexualmente explícito ou violento. + * Postar (ou ameaçar postar) informações pessoais de outras pessoas (“doxing”). + * Compartilhar conteúdo privado, como e-mails enviados de maneira privada ou não-pública, ou fóruns não registrados, como histórico de canais IRC, sem o consentimento do remetente. + * Insultos pessoais, especialmente aqueles que utilizam termos racistas ou sexistas. + * Atenção sexual não consentida. + * Profanidade excessiva. Por favor, evite palavrões; as pessoas diferem muito na sua sensibilidade à linguagem. + * Assédio reiterado. Em geral, se alguém pedir que você pare, então pare. + * Advogar em favor ou encorajar qualquer um dos comportamentos acima. + +### Declaração de diversidade + +O projeto NumPy convida e incentiva a participação de todas as pessoas. Estamos empenhados em ser uma comunidade da qual todas as pessoas gostem de fazer parte. Embora nem sempre sejamos capazes de acomodar as preferências de cada indivíduo, nós tentamos o nosso melhor para tratar todos gentilmente. + +Não importa como você se identifica ou como os outros percebem você: nós lhe damos as boas-vindas. Embora nenhuma lista possa esperar ser totalmente abrangente, honramos explicitamente a diversidade em: idade, cultura, etnia, genótipo, identidade ou expressão de gênero, língua, origem, neurotipo, fenotipo, crenças políticas, profissão, raça, religião, orientação sexual, estado socioeconômico, subcultura e capacidade técnica, na medida em que não entrem em conflito com este código de conduta. + +Embora sejamos receptivos às pessoas fluentes em todas as línguas, o desenvolvimento do NumPy é conduzido em inglês. + +Padrões de comportamento na comunidade NumPy estão detalhados no Código de Conduta acima. Os participantes da nossa comunidade devem se comportar de acordo com esses padrões em todas as suas interações e ajudar os outros a fazê-lo também (veja a próxima seção). + +### Diretrizes de Resposta a Incidentes + +Sabemos que é mais comum do que o desejado que a comunicação na Internet comece ou se transforme em abusos óbvios e flagrantes. Reconhecemos também que, por vezes, as pessoas podem ter um dia ruim, ou não conhecer algumas das orientações deste Código de Conduta. Tenha isto em mente ao decidir como responder a uma violação deste Código. + +Em caso de violações claramente intencionais, o Comitê do Código de Conduta (veja abaixo) deve ser informado. Para violações possivelmente não intencionais, você pode responder à pessoa e apontar este código de conduta (seja em público ou em privado, o que for mais apropriado). Se preferir não o fazer, sinta-se à vontade para informar diretamente o Comitê do Código de Conduta, ou peça ao Comitê um conselho, sigilosamente. + +Você pode relatar problemas ao Comitê do Código de Conduta NumPy em numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com. + +Atualmente, o comitê é formato por: + +* Stefan van der Walt +* Melissa Weber Mendonça +* Anirudh Subramanian + +Se o seu relatório envolve algum membro da comissão, ou se você sentir que existe um conflito de interesses em tratá-lo, então os membros abster-se-ão de considerar o seu relatório. Como alternativa, se por qualquer razão você se sentir desconfortável em fazer um relatório à comissão, então você também pode entrar em contato com a equipe sênior da NumFOCUS em [conduct@numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org/code-of-conduct#persons-responsible). + +### Resolução de Incidentes & Execução do Código de Conduta + +_Esta seção resume os pontos mais importantes, mais detalhes podem ser encontrados em_ [Código de Conduta do NumPy - Como dar seguimento a um relatório](/report-handling-manual). + +Vamos investigar e responder a todas as queixas. O Comitê do Código de Conduta do NumPy e o Comitê Diretor do NumPy (se envolvido) protegerão a identidade do relatante, e tratarão o conteúdo das reclamações como confidencial (a menos que o relatante aceite o contrário). + +Em caso de violações graves e óbvias, por exemplo, ameaça pessoal ou linguagem violenta, sexista ou racista, vamos imediatamente desconectar a pessoa relatada dos canais de comunicação do NumPy; por favor, consulte o manual para mais detalhes. + +Em casos que não envolvam claras violações graves e óbvias deste Código de Conduta, o processo de ação referente a qualquer relato de violação do Código de Conduta recebido será: + +1. acusar o recebimento do relato, +2. discussão/feedback razoável, +3. mediação (se o feedback não ajudar e somente se ambos o relatante e relatado concordarem com isso), +4. aplicação de solução via decisão transparente (veja as [Resoluções](/report-handling-manual#resolutions)) do Comitê do Código de Conduta. + +O comitê responderá a qualquer relatório o mais rapidamente possível e, no máximo, no prazo de 72 horas. + +### Notas + +Somos gratos aos grupos responsáveis pelos documentos abaixo, dos quais retiramos conteúdo e inspiração: + +- [The SciPy Code of Conduct](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html) diff --git a/content/pt/community.md b/content/pt/community.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc930270be --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/community.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: Comunidade +sidebar: false +--- + +NumPy is a community-driven open source project developed by a diverse group of [contributors](/teams/). A liderança do NumPy assumiu um forte compromisso de criar uma comunidade aberta, inclusiva e positiva. Por favor, leia [o Código de Conduta NumPy](/pt/code-of-conduct) para orientações sobre como interagir com os outros de uma forma que faça a comunidade prosperar. + +Oferecemos vários canais de comunicação para aprender, compartilhar seu conhecimento e se conectar com outros dentro da comunidade NumPy. + + +## Participar online + +Abaixo, listamos algumas formas de se envolver diretamente com o projeto e a comunidade do NumPy. _Por favor, note que encorajamos os usuários e membros da comunidade a apoiarem-se uns aos outros para perguntas sobre utilização - veja [Obter Ajuda](/gethelp)._ + + +### [Lista de discussões NumPy](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) + +Esta lista é o principal fórum para discussões mais longas, como adicionar novos recursos ao NumPy, fazer alterações no roadmap do NumPy e em todos os tipos de tomada de decisão para todo o projeto. Anúncios sobre o NumPy, como novas versões, reuniões de desenvolvedores, sprints ou palestras de conferência também são feitas nesta lista. + +Nesta lista, por favor, use *bottom posting*, responda à lista (em vez de a outro remetente), e não responda aos *digests*. A searchable archive of this list is available [here](https://mail.python.org/archives/list/numpy-discussion@python.org/). + +*** + +### [Página de issues do GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) + +- Para relatórios de bugs (por exemplo, "`np.arange(3).shape` retorna `(5,)`, quando deveria retornar `(3,)`"); +- problemas de documentação (ex. "Eu achei esta seção confusa"); +- e pedidos de recursos (por exemplo, "Eu gostaria de ter um novo método de interpolação em `np.percentile`"). + +_Por favor, note que o GitHub não é o lugar certo para relatar uma vulnerabilidade de segurança. Se você acha que encontrou uma vulnerabilidade de segurança no NumPy, relate-a [aqui](https://tidelift.com/docs/security)._ + +*** + +### [Slack](https://numpy-team.slack.com) + +Uma sala de bate-papo em tempo real para fazer perguntas sobre _contribuir_ para o NumPy. Este é um fórum privado, especificamente para pessoas hesitantes em levantar suas perguntas ou idéias em uma grande lista de e-mails públicos ou no GitHub. Por favor, clique [aqui](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html#contributing-to-numpy) para mais detalhes e como obter um convite. + + +## Grupos de Estudo e Meetups + +Se você gostaria de encontrar um encontro ou grupo de estudo local para aprender mais sobre o NumPy e o ecossistema mais amplo de pacotes Python para ciência de dados e computação científica, recomendamos explorar os [meetups PyData](https://www.meetup.com/pro/pydata/) (mais de 150 encontros, mais de 100.000 membros). + +O NumPy também organiza sprints presenciais para sua equipe e colaboradores interessados ocasionalmente. Estes eventos são normalmente planejados com vários meses de antecedência e serão anunciados na [lista de discussão](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) e no [Twitter](https://twitter.com/numpy_team). + + +## Conferências + +O projeto NumPy não organiza suas próprias conferências. As conferências que tradicionalmente têm sido mais populares com mantenedores, colaboradores e usuários são as conferências SciPy e PyData: + +- [SciPy US](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [EuroSciPy](https://www.euroscipy.org) +- [SciPy Latin America](https://www.scipyla.org) +- [SciPy India](https://scipy.in) +- [SciPy Japan](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [conferências PyData](https://pydata.org/event-schedule/) (15-20 eventos por ano espalhados por muitos países) + +Muitas dessas conferências incluem dias de tutorial sobre o NumPy e/ou sprints onde você pode aprender como contribuir com o NumPy ou projetos de código aberto relacionados. + + +## Junte-se à comunidade NumPy + +Para prosperar, o projeto NumPy precisa de sua experiência e entusiasmo. Não é uma pessoa programadora? Sem problemas! Existem muitas maneiras de contribuir com o NumPy. + +Se você está interessado em se tornar um contribuidor do NumPy (oba!) recomendamos que você confira nossa página sobre [Contribuições](/pt/contribute). + diff --git a/content/pt/config.yaml b/content/pt/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ca2f96a65 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +--- +languageName: Português +params: + description: Por que NumPy? Arrays n-dimensionais poderosas. Ferramentas para computação numérica. Interoperabilidade. Alto desempenho. Código aberto. + navbarlogo: + image: logo.svg + link: /pt/ + hero: + #Main hero title + title: NumPy + #Hero subtitle (optional) + subtitle: A biblioteca fundamental para computação científica com Python + #Button text + buttontext: Comece aqui + #Where the main hero button links to + buttonlink: "/pt/install" + #Hero image (from static/images/___) + image: logo.svg + shell: + title: placeholder + promptlabel: console interativo + button: + - + label: Habilita o tutorial com console interativo + text: Habilitar + shellcontent: + intro: + - + title: Experimentar o NumPy + text: Ativar o console interativo + loading: + - + title: Enquanto esperamos... + text: Iniciando container em mybinder.org... + docslink: Não se esqueça de conferir a documentação. + casestudies: + title: ESTUDOS DE CASO + features: + - + title: A Primeira Imagem de um Buraco Negro + text: Como o NumPy, junto com outras bibliotecas como SciPy e Matplotlib que dependem do NumPy, permitiram ao Event Horizon Telescope gerar a primeira imagem de um buraco negro da história. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/blackhole.png + alttext: Primeira imagem de um buraco negro. É um círculo laranja em um fundo preto. + url: /pt/case-studies/blackhole-image + - + title: Descoberta de Ondas Gravitacionais + text: Em 1916, Albert Einstein previu ondas gravitacionais; 100 anos depois, sua existência foi confirmada pelos cientistas do LIGO usando NumPy. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/gravitional.png + alttext: Duas esferas orbitando a si mesmas. Elas deslocam a gravidade em seu entorno. + url: /pt/case-studies/gw-discov + - + title: Análise Esportiva + text: A análise de críquete está mudando o jogo ao melhorar o desempenho de jogadores e times através de modelagem estatística e análise preditiva. O NumPy possibilita muitas dessas análises. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/sports.jpg + alttext: Bola de críquete em um campo verde + url: /pt/case-studies/cricket-analytics + - + title: Estimação de poses usando deep learning + text: DeepLabCut usa o NumPy para acelerar estudos científicos que envolvem comportamento animal para entender melhor o controle motor em várias espécies e escalas de tempo. + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/deeplabcut.png + alttext: Análise de pose de um guepardo + url: /pt/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn + keyfeatures: + features: + - + title: Arrays n-dimensionais poderosas + text: Rápidos e versáteis, os conceitos de vetorização, indexação e broadcasting do NumPy são, na prática, o padrão em computação com arrays. + - + title: Ferramentas de computação numérica + text: O NumPy oferece um conjunto completo de funções matemáticas, geradores de números aleatórios, rotinas de álgebra linear, transformadas de Fourier, e mais. + - + title: Interoperabilidade + text: O NumPy suporta um grande número de plataformas de hardware e computação, e pode ser combinada com bibliotecas de computação com arrays esparsas, distribuidas ou em GPUs. + - + title: Alto desempenho + text: O núcleo do NumPy é feito de código otimizado em C. Experimente a flexibilidade do Python com a velocidade de código compilado. + - + title: Fácil de usar + text: A sintaxe de alto nível do NumPy torna-o acessível e produtivo para programadores de qualquer nível de experiência e formação. + - + title: Código aberto + text: Distributed under a liberal [BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt), NumPy is developed and maintained [publicly on GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) by a vibrant, responsive, and diverse [community](/community). + tabs: + title: ECOSSISTEMA + section5: false +navbar: + - + title: Instalação + url: /pt/install + - + title: Documentação + url: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + title: Aprenda + url: /pt/learn + - + title: Comunidade + url: /pt/community + - + title: Sobre + url: /pt/about + - + title: Contribuir + url: /pt/contribute +footer: + logo: logo.svg + socialmediatitle: "" + socialmedia: + - + link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy + icon: github + - + link: https://twitter.com/numpy_team + icon: twitter + quicklinks: + column1: + title: "" + links: + - + text: Instalação + link: /pt/install + - + text: Documentação + link: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + text: Aprenda + link: /pt/learn + - + text: Citando o Numpy + link: /pt/citing-numpy + - + text: Roadmap + link: https://numpy.org/neps/roadmap.html + column2: + links: + - + text: Sobre + link: /pt/about + - + text: Comunidade + link: /pt/community + - + text: User surveys + link: /user-surveys + - + text: Contribute + link: /contribute + - + text: Code of conduct + link: /code-of-conduct + column3: + links: + - + text: Ajuda + link: /pt/gethelp + - + text: Termos de uso (EN) + link: /pt/terms + - + text: Privacidade + link: /pt/privacy + - + text: Kit de imprensa + link: /pt/press-kit + diff --git a/content/pt/contribute.md b/content/pt/contribute.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..be44edae3c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/pt/contribute.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +- - - +title: Contribua com o NumPy sidebar: false +- - - + +O projeto NumPy precisa de sua experiência e entusiasmo! Suas opções não são limitadas à programação -- além de + +- [Escrever código](#writing-code) + +você pode: + +- [Revisar pull requests](#reviewing-pull-requests) +- [Desenvolver tutoriais, apresentações e outros materiais educacionais](#developing-educational-materials) +- [Fazer triagem em issues](#issue-triaging) +- [Trabalhar no nosso site](#website-development) +- [Contribuir com design gráfico](#graphic-design) +- [Traduzir conteúdo do site](#translating-website-content) +- [Trabalhar coordenando a comunidade](#community-coordination-and-outreach) +- [Escrever propostas e ajudar com outras atividades para financiamento](#fundraising) + +Se você não sabe por onde começar ou como suas habilidades podem ajudar, _fale conosco!_ Você pode perguntar na nossa [lista de emails](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) ou [GitHub](http://github.com/numpy/numpy) (abrindo uma [issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) ou comentando em uma issue relevante). + +Estes são os nossos canais de comunicação preferidos (projetos de código aberto são abertos por natureza!). No entanto, se você preferir discutir em privado, entre em contato com os coordenadores da comunidade emO ecossistema científico Python é uma infraestrutura crítica para a pesquisa feita no LIGO.
+ +
+
+The logo is a modern take on the old one, with a cleaner design. Thanks to Isabela Presedo-Floyd for designing the new logo, as well as to Travis Vaught for the old logo that served us well for 15+ years.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.19.0 release
+
+_Jun 20, 2020_ -- NumPy 1.19.0 is now available. This is the first release without Python 2 support, hence it was a "clean-up release". The minimum supported Python version is now Python 3.6. An important new feature is that the random number generation infrastructure that was introduced in NumPy 1.17.0 is now accessible from Cython.
+
+
+### Season of Docs acceptance
+
+_May 11, 2020_ -- NumPy has been accepted as one of the mentor organizations for the Google Season of Docs program. We are excited about the opportunity to work with a technical writer to improve NumPy's documentation once again! For more details, please see [the official Season of Docs site](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) and our [ideas page](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/wiki/Google-Season-of-Docs-2020-Project-Ideas).
+
+
+### NumPy 1.18.0 release
+
+_Dec 22, 2019_ -- NumPy 1.18.0 is now available. After the major changes in 1.17.0, this is a consolidation release. It is the last minor release that will support Python 3.5. Highlights of the release includes the addition of basic infrastructure for linking with 64-bit BLAS and LAPACK libraries, and a new C-API for `numpy.random`.
+
+Please see the [release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0) for more details.
+
+
+### NumPy receives a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
+
+_Nov 15, 2019_ -- We are pleased to announce that NumPy and OpenBLAS, one of NumPy's key dependencies, have received a joint grant for $195,000 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative through their [Essential Open Source Software for Science program](https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/) that supports software maintenance, growth, development, and community engagement for open source tools critical to science.
+
+This grant will be used to ramp up the efforts in improving NumPy documentation, website redesign, and community development to better serve our large and rapidly growing user base, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. While the OpenBLAS team will focus on addressing sets of key technical issues, in particular thread-safety, AVX-512, and thread-local storage (TLS) issues, as well as algorithmic improvements in ReLAPACK (Recursive LAPACK) on which OpenBLAS depends.
+
+More details on our proposed initiatives and deliverables can be found in the [full grant proposal](https://figshare.com/articles/Proposal_NumPy_OpenBLAS_for_Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative_EOSS_2019_round_1/10302167). The work is scheduled to start on Dec 1st, 2019 and continue for the next 12 months.
+
+
+## Lançamentos
+
+Here is a list of NumPy releases, with links to release notes. Bugfix releases (only the `z` changes in the `x.y.z` version number) have no new features; minor releases (the `y` increases) do.
+
+- NumPy 1.22.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.22.0)) -- _31 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.5)) -- _19 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.0)) -- _22 Jun 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.3 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.3)) -- _10 May 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.0)) -- _30 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.5)) -- _5 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.0)) -- _20 Jun 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.4 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.4)) -- _3 May 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.17.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.5)) -- _1 Jan 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)) -- _22 Dec 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.17.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.0)) -- _26 Jul 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.16.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.16.0)) -- _14 Jan 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.15.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.15.0)) -- _23 Jul 2018_.
+- NumPy 1.14.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.14.0)) -- _7 Jan 2018_.
diff --git a/content/pt/press-kit.md b/content/pt/press-kit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1418154f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/press-kit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Kit de imprensa
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+Gostaríamos de facilitar a inclusão da identidade do projeto NumPy em seu próximo documento acadêmico, materiais educacionais ou apresentação.
+
+You will find several high-resolution versions of the NumPy logo [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/tree/main/branding/logo). Note que usando os recursos numpy.org, você aceita o [Código de Conduta do NumPy](/code-of-conduct).
diff --git a/content/pt/privacy.md b/content/pt/privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c95f1d5ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: Política de privacidade
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**numpy.org** é operado por [NumFOCUS, Inc.](https://numfocus.org), o patrocinador fiscal do projeto NumPy. Para a Política de Privacidade deste site, consulte https://numfocus.org/privacy-policy.
+
+Se você tiver alguma dúvida sobre a política ou as práticas de coleta de dados do NumFOCUS, uso e divulgação, entre em contato com a equipe do NumFOCUS em privacy@numfocus.org.
diff --git a/content/pt/report-handling-manual.md b/content/pt/report-handling-manual.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5047bdca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/report-handling-manual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: Código de Conduta NumPy - Como dar seguimento a um relatório
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+Este é o manual seguido pelo Comitê do Código de Conduta do NumPy. É usado quando respondemos a um incidente para nos certificarmos de que somos pessoas consistentes e justas.
+
+Garantir que o [Código de Conduta](/code-of-conduct) seja respeitado afeta nossa comunidade hoje e no futuro. É uma ação que levamos muito a sério. Ao analisar medidas de aplicação do Código de Conduta, o Comitê terá em mente os seguintes valores e orientações:
+
+* Agir de forma pessoal e não impessoal. O Comitê pode levar as partes a compreender a situação, respeitando simultaneamente a privacidade e a necessária confidencialidade das pessoas relatantes. No entanto, por vezes, é necessário comunicar diretamente com um ou mais indivíduos: o objetivo do Comitê é melhorar a saúde da nossa comunidade, em vez de produzir apenas uma decisão formal.
+* Enfatizar empatia pelos indivíduos ao invés de julgar o comportamento, evitando rótulos binários de "bom" e "mau". Existem atos de agressão e assédio claros e visíveis, e vamos abordá-los com firmeza. Mas muitos cenários que podem ser desafiadores são aqueles em que as discordâncias normais se transformam em comportamento desnecessário ou prejudicial de várias partes. Compreender o contexto completo e encontrar um caminho que traga um entendimento entre as partes é difícil, mas, em última análise, é o resultado mais produtivo para a nossa comunidade.
+* Compreendemos que o e-mail é um meio difícil e que pode causar uma sensação de isolamento. Receber críticas por e-mail, sem contato pessoal, pode ser particularmente doloroso. Significa também que temos de ser transparentes nas nossas ações, e que faremos tudo o que estiver ao nosso alcance para garantir que todos os nossos membros sejam tratados de forma justa e com simpatia. Isto faz com que seja especialmente importante manter um clima de respeito aberto pelas opiniões dos outros.
+* A discriminação pode ser sutil e pode ser inconsciente. Pode revelar-se em tratamentos injustos e hostis em interações que normalmente seriam ordinárias. Sabemos que isso acontece, e teremos o cuidado de ter isso em mente. Gostaríamos muito de ouvir se você acha que foi tratado injustamente, e usaremos esses procedimentos para garantir que a sua reclamação seja ouvida e abordada.
+* Ajudar a aumentar o envolvimento em uma boa prática de discussão: tentar identificar onde a discussão pode ter falhado, e fornecer informações úteis, indicadores e recursos que podem levar a mudanças positivas nestes pontos.
+* Estar ciente das necessidades de novos membros: fornecer-lhes apoio e consideração explícitos, com o objetivo de aumentar a participação de grupos sub-representados, em particular.
+* As pessoas vêm de meios culturais e linguísticos diferentes. Tentar identificar quaisquer mal-entendidos honestos causados por falantes não-nativos e ajudá-los a entender a questão e o que pode ser modificado para evitar causar ofensa. Uma discussão complexa numa língua estrangeira pode ser muito intimidante, e queremos aumentar a nossa diversidade também entre nacionalidades e culturas.
+
+
+## Mediação
+
+A mediação informal voluntária é um instrumento à nossa disposição. Em contextos em que duas ou mais partes escalaram ao ponto de demonstrarem comportamento inapropriado (algo tristemente comum no conflito humano), poderá ser útil facilitar um processo de mediação. Isto é apenas um exemplo: em todo caso, o Comitê pode considerar a mediação, tendo em conta que o processo se destina a ser estritamente voluntário e que nenhuma das partes pode ser pressionada a participar. Se o Comitê sugerir mediação, deve:
+
+* Encontrar uma pessoa candidata que possa servir de mediadora.
+* Obter o acordo da(s) pessoa(s) relatante(s). A(s) pessoa(s) relatante(s) têm total liberdade para recusar a ideia de mediação ou propor um mediador alternativo.
+* Obter o acordo da(s) pessoa(s) relatada(s).
+* Estabelecer uma pessoa mediadora: enquanto as partes podem propor um mediador diferente da pessoa sugerida, o processo só poderá avançar se for alcançado um acordo comum em todos os termos.
+* Estabelecer um cronograma para a mediação ser concluida, idealmente dentro de duas semanas.
+
+A pessoa mediadora entrará em contato com todas as partes e procurará uma resolução satisfatória para todos. Após a sua conclusão, a pessoa mediadora apresentará ao Comitê um relatório (examinado por todas as partes envolvidas no processo) com recomendações sobre outras medidas. O Comitê avaliará então esses resultados (em caso de resolução satisfatória ou não) e decidirá sobre quaisquer medidas adicionais consideradas necessárias.
+
+
+## Como o Comitê responderá aos relatórios
+
+Quando o Comitê (ou um membro do Comitê) recebe um relatório, será inicialmente determinado se o relatório é sobre uma violação clara e severa (como definido abaixo). Em caso afirmativo, medidas imediatas serão tomadas para além do processo regular de tratamento dos relatórios.
+
+
+## Ações claras e severas de violação
+
+Sabemos que é mais comum do que o desejado que a comunicação na Internet comece ou se transforme em abusos óbvios e flagrantes. Trataremos rapidamente de violações claras e severas como ameaças pessoais, linguagem violenta, sexista ou racista.
+
+Quando um membro do Comitê do Código de Conduta tomar conhecimento de uma violação clara e grave, fará o seguinte:
+
+* Desligará imediatamente a pessoa originadora de todos os canais de comunicação do NumPy.
+* Responderá à pessoa relatante para informá-la que seu relatório foi recebido e que a pessoa originadora foi desligada.
+* Em todos os casos, a pessoa moderadora deve fazer um esforço razoável para entrar em contato com a pessoa originadora, e dizer-lhes especificamente como sua linguagem ou ações se qualificam como uma "violação clara e severa". A pessoa moderadora deve também dizer que, se a pessoa originadora considerar que isso é injusto ou quiser ser reconectada ao NumPy, tem o direito de solicitar uma revisão, de acordo com as disposições do Comitê do Código de Conduta. A pessoa moderadora deve copiar esta explicação para o Comitê do Código de Conduta.
+* O Comitê do Código de Conduta procederá formalmente à análise e decisão em todos os casos em que este mecanismo tenha sido aplicado para garantir que não seja utilizado para controlar desentendimentos acalorados comuns.
+
+
+## Tratamento de relatórios
+
+Quando um relatório é enviado ao Comitê, ele responderá imediatamente à pessoa relatante para confirmar a sua recepção. Esta resposta deve ser enviada no prazo de 72 horas, e o grupo deve esforçar-se por responder muito mais rapidamente.
+
+Se um relatório não contiver informações suficientes, o Comitê obterá todos os dados relevantes antes de agir. O Comitê tem poderes para agir em nome do Conselho Diretor ao contactar quaisquer pessoas envolvidas para obter um relato mais completo dos acontecimentos.
+
+O Comitê analisará então o incidente e determinará, do melhor jeito possível:
+
+* O que aconteceu.
+* Se este evento constitui ou não uma violação do Código de Conduta.
+* Quem são as pessoas responsáveis.
+* Se se trata de uma situação contínua, e existe uma ameaça para a segurança física de alguém.
+
+Estas informações serão recolhidas por escrito e, sempre que possível, as deliberações do grupo serão gravadas e armazenadas (por exemplo, transcrições de conversas, discussões por e-mail, chamadas gravadas de videoconferência, resumos de conversas por voz, etc).
+
+É importante manter um arquivo de todas as atividades deste Comitê para garantir a consistência no comportamento e fornecer memória institucional ao projeto. Para ajudar com isto, o canal de discussão padrão para este Comitê será uma lista de e-mail privada, acessível a atuais e futuros membros do Comitê, bem como aos membros do Conselho Diretor a pedido justificado. Se o Comitê sentir a necessidade de usar comunicações fora da lista (por exemplo, chamadas por telefone para resposta precoce/rápida), deve em todos os casos resumi-las de volta para a lista, para que haja um bom registro do processo.
+
+O Comitê do Código de Conduta deve ter por objetivo chegar a um acordo sobre uma resolução no prazo de duas semanas. Caso uma resolução não possa ser determinada nesse período, o Comitê responderá à(s) pessoa(s) relatante(s) com uma atualização e cronograma previsto para a resolução.
+
+
+## Resoluções
+
+O Comitê tem de chegar a um acordo sobre uma resolução por consenso. Se o grupo não conseguir chegar a um consenso e permanece bloqueado durante mais de uma semana, o grupo encaminhará o assunto para o Conselho Diretor para resolução.
+
+Possíveis respostas podem incluir:
+
+* Não tomar nenhuma outra ação:
+ - se determinarmos que não ocorreram violações;
+ - se a questão tiver sido resolvida publicamente enquanto o Comitê estava considerando uma resposta.
+* Coordenação de mediação voluntária: se todas as partes envolvidas concordarem, o Comitê poderá facilitar um processo de mediação, conforme detalhado acima.
+* Salientar publicamente que alguns comportamentos, ações ou linguagem foram julgados inapropriados ou podem ser considerados danosos para algumas pessoas, explicando por que no contexto atual e solicitando que a comunidade se auto-ajuste.
+* Uma advertência privada do Comitê para a(s) pessoa(s) envolvida(s). Neste caso, a pessoa presidente do Comitê irá entregar essa advertência à(s) pessoa(s) por e-mail, em cópia (CC) ao grupo.
+* Uma advertência pública. Neste caso, a pessoa presidente do Comitê vai apresentar essa advertência no mesmo fórum em que ocorreu a violação, dentro dos limites da viabilidade. Exemplo: a lista original para uma violação de e-mail, mas para uma discussão em sala de bate-papo onde a pessoa/contexto pode sumir, isto pode ser feito por outros meios. O grupo pode optar por publicar esta mensagem em outro local para fins de documentação.
+* Um pedido de desculpas públicas ou privadas, supondo que a(s) pessoa(s) relatante(s) concorde(m) com esta ideia: a(s) pessoa(s) pode(m), a seu critério, recusar contatos adicionais com a pessoa relatada. A Presidência dará seguimento a este pedido. O Comitê, se escolher, pode anexar condições adicionais a este pedido inicial: por exemplo, o grupo pode pedir à pessoa relatada que se desculpe para que tenha o direito de manter a sua adesão a uma lista de e-mails.
+* Um “acordo mútuo de trégua” onde o Comitê solicita à pessoa que se abstenha temporariamente da participação na comunidade. Se a pessoa optar por não fazer uma pausa temporária voluntariamente, o Comitê pode aplicar um “período de afastamento obrigatório”.
+* Um banimento permanente ou temporário de alguns ou todos os espaços do NumPy (listas de e-mails, gitter.im, etc.). O grupo manterá registro de todas essas proibições, para que elas possam ser revistas no futuro ou mantidas.
+
+Uma vez aprovada uma resolução, mas antes de ser efetivamente aplicada, o Comitê entrará em contato com a pessoa relatante original e quaisquer outras partes afetadas e explicará a resolução proposta. O Comitê perguntará se esta resolução é aceitável e terá de tomar nota da sua resposta para registro futuro.
+
+Finalmente, o Comitê apresentará um relatório ao Conselho Diretor do NumPy (bem como ao time *core* do NumPy no caso de uma resolução em curso, como um banimento).
+
+O Comitê nunca discutirá publicamente a questão; todas as declarações públicas serão feitas pela pessoa presidente do Comitê do Código de Conduta ou pelo Conselho Diretor do NumPy.
+
+
+## Conflitos de Interesse
+
+Em caso de conflito de interesses, um membro do Comitê deve notificar imediatamente os outros membros e abdicar de sua participação no processo caso seja necessário.
diff --git a/content/pt/tabcontents.yaml b/content/pt/tabcontents.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa5868769e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/tabcontents.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+---
+machinelearning:
+ paras:
+ -
+ para1: O NumPy forma a base de bibliotecas de aprendizagem de máquina poderosas como [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org) e [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org). À medida que a disciplina de aprendizagem de máquina cresce, a lista de bibliotecas construidas a partir do NumPy também cresce. As funcionalidades de deep learning do [TensorFlow](https://www.tensorflow.org) tem diversas aplicações — entre elas, reconhecimento de imagem e de fala, aplicações baseadas em texto, análise de séries temporais, e detecção de vídeo. O [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org), outra biblioteca de deep learning, é popular entre pesquisadores em visão computacional e processamento de linguagem natural. O [MXNet](https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet) é outro pacote de IA, que fornece templates e protótipos para deep learning.
+ para2: Técnicas estatísticas chamadas métodos de [ensemble](https://towardsdatascience.com/ensemble-methods-bagging-boosting-and-stacking-c9214a10a205) tais como binning, bagging, stacking, e boosting estão entre os algoritmos de ML implementados por ferramentas tais como [XGBoost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost), [LightGBM](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), e [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai) — um dos motores de inferência mais rápidos. [Yellowbrick](https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/) e [Eli5](https://eli5.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) oferecem visualizações para aprendizagem de máquina.
+arraylibraries:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: A API do NumPy é o ponto de partida quando bibliotecas são escritas para explorar hardware inovador, criar tipos de arrays especializados, ou adicionar capacidades além do que o NumPy fornece.
+ headers:
+ -
+ text: Biblioteca de Arrays
+ -
+ text: Recursos e áreas de aplicação
+ libraries:
+ -
+ title: Dask
+ text: Arrays distribuídas e paralelismo avançado para análise, permitindo desempenho em escala.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/dask.png
+ alttext: Dask
+ url: https://dask.org/
+ -
+ title: CuPy
+ text: Biblioteca de matriz compatível com NumPy para computação acelerada pela GPU com Python.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/cupy.png
+ alttext: CuPy
+ url: https://cupy.chainer.org
+ -
+ title: JAX
+ text: "Composable transformations of NumPy programs: differentiate, vectorize, just-in-time compilation to GPU/TPU."
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/jax_logo_250px.png
+ alttext: JAX
+ url: https://github.com/google/jax
+ -
+ title: Xarray
+ text: Arrays multidimensionais rotuladas e indexadas para análise e visualização avançadas
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xarray.png
+ alttext: xarray
+ url: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/index.html
+ -
+ title: Sparse
+ text: Biblioteca de arrays compatíveis com o NumPy que pode ser integrada com Dask e álgebra linear esparsa da SciPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/sparse.png
+ alttext: sparse
+ url: https://sparse.pydata.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: PyTorch
+ text: Framework de deep learning que acelera o caminho entre prototipação de pesquisa e colocação em produção.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/pytorch-logo-dark.svg
+ alttext: PyTorch
+ url: https://pytorch.org/
+ -
+ title: TensorFlow
+ text: Uma plataforma completa para aprendizagem de máquina que permite construir e colocar em produção aplicações usando ML facilmente.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorflow-logo.svg
+ alttext: TensorFlow
+ url: https://www.tensorflow.org
+ -
+ title: MXNet
+ text: Framework de deep learning voltado para flexibilizar prototipação em pesquisa e produção.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/mxnet_logo.png
+ alttext: MXNet
+ url: https://mxnet.apache.org/
+ -
+ title: Arrow
+ text: Uma plataforma de desenvolvimento multi-linguagens para dados e análise para dados armazenados em colunas na memória.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/arrow.png
+ alttext: arrow
+ url: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+ -
+ title: xtensor
+ text: Arrays multidimensionais com broadcasting e avaliação preguiçosa (lazy computing) para análise numérica.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xtensor.png
+ alttext: xtensor
+ url: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
+ -
+ title: XND
+ text: Desenvolva bibliotecas para computação em arrays, recriando os conceitos fundamentais do NumPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xnd.png
+ alttext: xnd
+ url: https://xnd.io
+ -
+ title: uarray
+ text: Sistema de backend Python que dissocia a API da implementação; unumpy fornece uma API NumPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/uarray.png
+ alttext: uarray
+ url: https://uarray.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: tensorly
+ text: Aprendizagem com tensores, algebra e backends para usar NumPy, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorFlow ou CuPy sem esforço.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorly.png
+ alttext: tensorly
+ url: http://tensorly.org/stable/home.html
+scientificdomains:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: Quase todos os cientistas que trabalham em Python se baseiam na potência do NumPy.
+ -
+ text: "NumPy traz o poder computacional de linguagens como C e Fortran para Python, uma linguagem muito mais fácil de aprender e usar. Com esse poder vem a simplicidade: uma solução no NumPy é frequentemente clara e elegante."
+ librariesrow1:
+ -
+ title: Computação quântica
+ alttext: Um chip de computador.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/quantum_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Computação estatística
+ alttext: Um gráfico com uma linha em movimento para cima.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/statistical_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Processamento de sinais
+ alttext: Um gráfico de barras com valores positivos e negativos.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/signal_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Processamento de imagens
+ alttext: Uma fotografia das montanhas.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/image_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Gráficos e Redes
+ alttext: Um grafo simples.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/sd6.svg
+ -
+ title: Processos de Astronomia
+ alttext: Um telescópio.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/astronomy_processes.svg
+ -
+ title: Psicologia Cognitiva
+ alttext: Uma cabeça humana com engrenagens.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/cognitive_psychology.svg
+ librariesrow2:
+ -
+ title: Bioinformática
+ alttext: Um pedaço de DNA.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bioinformatics.svg
+ -
+ title: Inferência Bayesiana
+ alttext: Um gráfico com uma curva em forma de sino.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bayesian_inference.svg
+ -
+ title: Análise Matemática
+ alttext: Quatro símbolos matemáticos.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/mathematical_analysis.svg
+ -
+ title: Química
+ alttext: Um tubo de ensaio.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/chemistry.svg
+ -
+ title: Geociências
+ alttext: A Terra.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/geoscience.svg
+ -
+ title: Processamento Geográfico
+ alttext: Um mapa.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/GIS.svg
+ -
+ title: Arquitetura e Engenharia
+ alttext: Uma placa de desenvolvimento de microprocessador.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/robotics.svg
+datascience:
+ intro: "NumPy está no centro de um rico ecossistema de bibliotecas de ciência de dados. Um fluxo de trabalho típico de ciência de dados exploratório pode parecer assim:"
+ image1:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/ds-landscape.png
+ alttext: Diagrama de bibliotecas Python. As cinco categorias são 'Extrair, Transformar, Carregar', 'Exploração de Dados', 'Modelo de Dados', 'Avaliação de Dados' e 'Apresentação de Dados'.
+ image2:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/data-science.png
+ alttext: Diagram of three overlapping circles. The circles are labeled 'Mathematics', 'Computer Science' and 'Domain Expertise'. In the middle of the diagram, which has the three circles overlapping it, is an area labeled 'Data Science'.
+ examples:
+ -
+ text: "Extract, Transform, Load: [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Intake](https://intake.readthedocs.io), [PyJanitor](https://pyjanitor.readthedocs.io/)"
+ -
+ text: "Exploratory analysis: [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Model and evaluate: [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org), [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/index.html), [PyMC3](https://docs.pymc.io), [spaCy](https://spacy.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Report in a dashboard: [Dash](https://plotly.com/dash), [Panel](https://panel.holoviz.org), [Voila](https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila)"
+ content:
+ -
+ text: For high data volumes, [Dask](https://dask.org) and [Ray](https://ray.io/) are designed to scale. Stable deployments rely on data versioning ([DVC](https://dvc.org)), experiment tracking ([MLFlow](https://mlflow.org)), and workflow automation ([Airflow](https://airflow.apache.org) and [Prefect](https://www.prefect.io)).
+visualization:
+ images:
+ -
+ url: https://www.fusioncharts.com/blog/best-python-data-visualization-libraries
+ img: /images/content_images/v_matplotlib.png
+ alttext: Um streamplot feito em matplotlib
+ -
+ url: https://github.com/yhat/ggpy
+ img: /images/content_images/v_ggpy.png
+ alttext: Um gráfico scatter-plot feito em ggpy
+ -
+ url: https://www.journaldev.com/19692/python-plotly-tutorial
+ img: /images/content_images/v_plotly.png
+ alttext: Um box-plot feito no plotly
+ -
+ url: https://altair-viz.github.io/gallery/streamgraph.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_altair.png
+ alttext: Um gráfico streamgraph feito em altair
+ -
+ url: https://seaborn.pydata.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_seaborn.png
+ alttext: A plot duplo com dois tipos de gráficos, um plot-graph e um gráfico de frequência feitos no seaborn
+ -
+ url: https://docs.pyvista.org/examples/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_pyvista.png
+ alttext: Uma renderização de volume 3D feita no PyVista.
+ -
+ url: https://napari.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_napari.png
+ alttext: Uma imagem multidimensional, feita em napari.
+ -
+ url: https://vispy.org/gallery/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_vispy.png
+ alttext: Diagrama de Voronoi feito com vispy.
+ content:
+ -
+ text: NumPy é um componente essencial no crescente [campo de visualização em Python](https://pyviz.org/overviews/index.html), que inclui [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Plotly](https://plot.ly), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io), [Bokeh](https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/), [Holoviz](https://holoviz.org), [Vispy](http://vispy.org), [Napari](https://github.com/napari/napari), e [PyVista](https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista), para citar alguns.
+ -
+ text: O processamento de grandes arrays acelerado pela NumPy permite que os pesquisadores visualizem conjuntos de dados muito maiores do que o Python nativo poderia permitir.
diff --git a/content/pt/teams.md b/content/pt/teams.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24455d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/teams.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Teams
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We are an international team on a mission to support scientific and research communities worldwide by building quality, open-source software. [Join us]({{< relref "/contribute" >}})!
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/maintainers.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/web-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/triage-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/survey-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/emeritus-maintainers.html" >}}
+
+# Governance
+
+For the list of people on the Steering Council, please see [here](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/people.html).
diff --git a/content/pt/terms.md b/content/pt/terms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a294b49483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/terms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+---
+title: Termos de Uso
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*Última atualização em 4 de janeiro de 2020*
+
+
+## AGREEMENT TO TERMS
+
+These Terms of Use constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and NumPy ("**Project**", “**we**”, “**us**”, or “**our**”), concerning your access to and use of the numpy.org website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agreed to be bound by all of these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ALL OF THESE TERMS OF USE, THEN YOU ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED FROM USING THE SITE AND YOU MUST DISCONTINUE USE IMMEDIATELY.
+
+
+
+Supplemental terms and conditions or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Use at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Use, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Use to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Use by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Use are posted.
+
+
+
+The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
+
+
+## USER REPRESENTATIONS
+
+By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: (1) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Use; (2) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; and (3) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation.
+
+
+If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof).
+
+
+## PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
+
+You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available.
+
+As a user of the Site, you agree not to:
+
+1. Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
+
+2. Make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
+
+3. Use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services.
+
+4. Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site.
+
+5. Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site.
+
+6. Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
+
+7. Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
+
+8. Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
+
+9. Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site.
+
+10. Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
+
+11. Use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
+
+12. Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site.
+
+13. Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
+
+14. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
+
+15. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site.
+
+16. Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you.
+
+17. Attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site.
+
+
+## SUBMISSIONS
+
+You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site ("Submissions") provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
+
+## THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT
+
+The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites ("Third-Party Websites") as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties ("Third-Party Content"). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Use no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites.
+
+
+## SITE MANAGEMENT
+
+We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Use; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Use, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; and (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site.
+
+
+## PRIVACY POLICY
+
+We care about data privacy and security. Please review our [Privacy Policy](/privacy). By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.
+
+## TERM AND TERMINATION
+
+These Terms of Use shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF USE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION.
+
+
+## MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
+
+We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site.
+
+We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Use will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith.
+
+
+## GOVERNING LAW
+
+These Terms of Use and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State of Texas, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
+
+
+## DISPUTE RESOLUTION
+
+### Informal Negotiations
+
+To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Use (each a "Dispute" and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least thirty (30) days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party.
+
+
+### Binding Arbitration
+
+If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes ("AAA Consumer Rules"), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses. The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in Travis County, Texas. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator.
+
+If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in Travis County, Texas, and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non conveniens with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Use.
+
+In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than one (1) years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+### Restrictions
+
+The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons.
+
+
+### Exceptions to Informal Negotiations and Arbitration
+
+The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning informal negotiations and binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+## CORRECTIONS
+
+There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice.
+
+
+## DISCLAIMER
+
+THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
+
+
+## LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
+
+IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
+
+
+## INDEMNIFICATION
+
+You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) use of the Site; (2) breach of these Terms of Use; (3) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Use; (4) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (5) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it.
+
+
+## USER DATA
+
+We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Site for the purpose of managing the performance of the Site, as well as data relating to your use of the Site. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Site. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
+
+
+## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
+
+Visiting the Site, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Site, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE SITE. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
+
+
+## CALIFORNIA USERS AND RESIDENTS
+
+If any complaint with us is not satisfactorily resolved, you can contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs in writing at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834 or by telephone at (800) 952-5210 or (916) 445-1254.
+
+
+## MISCELLANEOUS
+
+These Terms of Use and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site or in respect to the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Use operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Use is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Use and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Use or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Use will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Use and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Use.
+
+## CONTACT US
+
+In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Site or to receive further information regarding use of the Site, please contact us at:
+
+NumFOCUS, Inc. P.O. Box 90596 Austin, TX, USA 78709 info@numfocus.org +1 (512) 222-5449
+
+
+
diff --git a/content/pt/user-survey-2020.md b/content/pt/user-survey-2020.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cb175d668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/user-survey-2020.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: PESQUISA SOBRE A COMUNIDADE NUMPY 2020
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+Em 2020, o time de pesquisas do NumPy realizou a primeira pesquisa oficial sobre a comunidade NumPy, em parceria com alunos e docentes de um Mestrado em metodologia de pesquisa realizado conjuntamente pela Universidade de Michigan e pela Universidade da Maryland. Mais de 1200 usuários de 75 países participaram para nos ajudar a mapear uma paisagem da comunidade NumPy e expressaram seus pensamentos sobre o futuro do projeto.
+
+{{< figure src="/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report_cover.png" class="fig-left" alt="Página de capa do relatório da pesquisa de usuários do NumPy 2020, chamado 'NumPy Community Survey 2020 - results'" width="250">}}
+
+**[Faça o download do relatório](/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report.pdf)** para ver os detalhes sobre os resultados encontrados.
+
+
+Para os destaques, confira **[este infográfico](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/blob/master/images/2020NumPysurveyresults_community_infographic.pdf)**.
+
+Quer saber mais? Visite **https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020-details/**.
+
diff --git a/content/pt/user-surveys.md b/content/pt/user-surveys.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89a2aa0460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/pt/user-surveys.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: NUMPY USER SURVEYS
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**2020** The NumPy survey team in partnership with students and faculty from the University of Michigan and the University of Maryland conducted the first official NumPy community survey. Find the survey results [here](https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020/).
+
+**2021** The collected data is currently being analyzed.
+
+If you have any questions or suggestions for the past or future surveys, please open an issue [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/issues).
diff --git a/content/zh/404.md b/content/zh/404.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f27a36ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/404.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 404
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+抱歉······ 目标网页并不存在。
+
+如果您认为这个页面应该展示些什么东西，请在 GitHub 上面 [发起一个 issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy.org/issues).
diff --git a/content/zh/about.md b/content/zh/about.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc4063180f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/about.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: 关于我们
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+_下面是 NumPy 项目和社区的一些信息：_
+
+NumPy 是一个使 Python 支持数值计算的开源项目， 它诞生于 2005 年，早期由 Numeric 和 Numarray 库发展而来。 NumPy will always be 100% open source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the [modified BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt).
+
+经过 Numpy 和 Python 科学计算社区协商讨论，最终决定将 Numpy 在 GitHub 上开源。 想要了解更多与社区治理有关的信息，请参阅我们的[治理文件](https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/index.html)。
+
+
+## 指导委员会
+
+指导委员会的成员们通过与 Numpy 社区合作并提供服务的形式来确保项目的长期发展，包括技术层面和社区层面。 Numpy 指导委员会目前由下列成员组成（按字母顺序排列）：
+
+- Sebastian Berg
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Charles Harris
+- Stephan Hoyer
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Inessa Pawson
+- Matti Picus
+- Stéfan van der Walt
+- Eric Wieser
+
+荣誉会员：
+
+- Travis Oliphant（项目创始人，2005-2012年）
+- Alex Griffing（2015-2017年）
+- Marten van Kerkwijk （2017-2019年）
+- Allan Haldane (2015-2021)
+- Nathaniel Smith (2012-2021)
+- Julian Taylor (2013-2021)
+- Pauli Virtanen (2008-2021)
+- Jaime Fernández del Río (2014-2021)
+
+
+## 团队
+
+The NumPy project is growing! 🎉 We have teams for:
+
+- 编码
+- 文档
+- 网站
+- 分类
+- survey
+- funding and grants
+
+See the [}}">Team]({{< relref) page for individual team members.
+
+## NumFOCUS小组委员会
+
+- Charles Harris
+- Ralf Gommers
+- Melissa Weber Mendonça
+- Sebastian Berg
+- 外部成员：Thomas Caswell
+
+## 赞助商
+
+NumPy 直接从下列来源获得资金：
+{{< sponsors >}}
+
+
+## 机构合作伙伴
+
+机构合作伙伴指那些通过雇用为 NumPy 做贡献的人来支持该项目的组织。 目前的机构伙伴包括：
+
+- UC Berkeley (Stefan van der Walt, Sebastian Berg, Ross Barnowski)
+- Quansight(Ralf Gommers、Melissa Weber Mendonceda、Mars Lee、Matti Picus、Pearu Peterson)
+
+{{< partners >}}
+
+
+## 捐赠
+
+如果您发现 NumPy 对您的工作、研究或公司有用，请考虑向该项目发起捐款。 任何金额都有帮助！ 所有捐款将严格用于 NumPy 开源软件、文档和社区的开发。
+
+NumPy 是美国 501(c)(3) 非营利慈善机构 NumFOCUS 的一个赞助项目。 NumFOCUS 向 NumPy 提供财政、法律和行政支助，帮助确保该项目的健康和可持续性。 访问 [numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org) 获取更多信息。
+
+对 NumPy 的捐赠将由 [NumFOCUS](https://numfocus.org) 进行管理。 对于在美国的捐赠者，在法律规定的范围内，你的赠品可以免税。 如同任何捐赠一样，您应该与您的税务顾问商讨您的特定税务状况。
+
+NumPy 指导委员会将就如何最佳利用收到的任何资金作出决定。 技术和基础设施相关的优先事项已记录在 [NumPy 路线图](https://www.numpy.org/neps/index.html#roadmap) 上。
+{{< numfocus >}}
diff --git a/content/zh/arraycomputing.md b/content/zh/arraycomputing.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09dd3ab2fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/arraycomputing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+title: 数组计算
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*数组计算是统计学、数学和当代数据科学及应用(如数据可视化、数字信号处理、图像处理、生物信息学、机器学习、AI等) 中的科学计算领域的基础。*
+
+大规模数据操作和转换取决于高效率高性能的数组计算。 数据分析、机器学习和数值计算首选的语言是 **Python**。
+
+NumPy 是 Python 语言中支持大型、多维数组和矩阵计算、并附有大量高级数学功能的默认标准库。
+
+自2006年NumPy推出以来，Pandas于2008年出现，直到几年前，更多数组计算库才连续出现，充实数组计算领域。 许多这些较新库都具有类似NumPy的功能，包含较新的算法和功能，适合机器学习和人工智能应用。
+
+
+
+**数组计算** 基于 **数组** 这一数据结构。 *数组*用于处理大量数据，使他们便于有效存储、搜索、计算和变换。
+
+数组计算是 *独特*的 ，因为它需要 *同时*操作整个数据阵列。 这意味着任何数组操作应用于整个数组的每个值。 这种向量化的方法使得程序员能够对数据进行整体操作，无需使用循环操作标量，从而使代码更高效和简洁。
diff --git a/content/zh/case-studies/blackhole-image.md b/content/zh/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..466504d87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/case-studies/blackhole-image.md
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "案例研究：人类有史以来首张黑洞照片"
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+{{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/blackhole.jpg" caption="**Black Hole M87**" alt="black hole image" tot="*(Image Credits: Event Horizon Telesmall Collection Collaboration)*" tomlink="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/universse/20190410/blackhole20190410.jpg" >}}
+
+++ +## 一架和地球大小相当的望远镜 + +[事件视界望远镜(EHT)](https://eventhorizontelescope.org) 是由八个地面射电望远镜组成的虚拟的类似地球大小的望远镜， 可以前所未有的敏感度和分辨率来了解宇宙。 这台巨大的虚拟望远镜使用一种称为超长基线干涉法 (VLBI)的技术， 其角分辨率为 [20 微弧秒][resolution] - EHT的分辨本领相当于从巴黎的一家人行道上的咖啡馆里阅读纽约的报纸！ + +### 关键目标和成果 + +* **关于宇宙的新观点:** 100年前，当 [亚瑟.爱丁顿爵士][eddington] 提出爱因斯坦的广义相对论的第一个观测证据时，就为EHT的开创性形象奠定了基础. + +* **黑洞成像：** EHT 在距离地球约5500万光年的超大质量黑洞上进行了训练，该黑洞位于处女座星系团梅西埃87(M87) 的中心。 它的质量是太阳的65亿倍。 它已经被研究了 [100多年](https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385)，但从来没有一个黑洞被真正“看见”过。 + +* **将观察结果与理论进行比较：** 从爱因斯坦的广义相对论来看， 科学家期望找到由引力弯曲和光捕获引发的阴影状区域。 科学家可以用它来测量黑洞的巨大质量。 + +### 面临的挑战 + +* **庞大的计算规模** + + EHT带来了巨大的数据处理挑战，其中包括快速的大气层相位波动、极高的记录带宽以及相异且地理位置分散的望远镜。 + +* **巨大的信息量** + + EHT每天生成超过350TB的观测值，这些数据存储在充满氦气的硬盘驱动器中。 减少这么多数据的数量和复杂性是极其困难的。 + +* **对未知的探索** + + 当目标是看到前所未见的事物时，科学家怎么才能确定图像是正确的？ + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/dataprocessbh. ng" class="csfigcaption" caption="**EHT Data Processing Pipeline**" alt="data peline" align="middle" tot="(Diagram Credits: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telesrole Collection Collaboration)" tourlink="https://iopscience.op.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57" >}} + +## Numpy的角色 + +如果数据有问题，怎么办？ 或者一个算法过于依赖某个特定的假设。 如果单个参数被更改，图像是否会发生剧烈变化？ + +EHT协作组织为了应对上述挑战，让不同的独立小组使用现有的最先进的图像重建技术来评估数据。 当结果被证明是一致时，将这些结果合并以产生黑洞的第一张图像。 + +他们的工作说明了Python科学生态系统通过协作数据分析在 推进科学方面发挥的重要作用。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/bh_numpy_role.png" class="fig-center" alt="role of numpy" caption="**NumPy在黑洞成像中的作用**" >}} + +例如， [`eht-imaging`][ehtim] 这个Python 软件包提供了 在 VLBI 数据上模拟和执行图像重建的工具。 NumPy 是这个包中使用的数组数据处理的核心，下面的部分软件 依赖关系图说明了这一点。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/ehtim_numpy.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy在ehtim软件依赖关系中的地位" caption="**numpy在ehtim软件依赖关系中的重要地位**" >}} + +除了NumPy以外，许多其他软件包，例如 [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org) 和 [Pandas](https://pandas.io), 也是用于黑洞成像的数据处理管道的一部分。 标准天文学文件格式和时间/坐标转换 由 [Astropy][astropy]处理， 而 [Matplotlib][mpl] 被用于在整个分析管道中的数据可视化，包括生成黑洞的最终图像。 + +## 总结 + +作为Numpy的核心功能，高效且拓展性强的N维数组使研究人员能够操作大规模数据集，从而为人类有史以来首张黑洞的成像提供坚实基础。 这是整个科学史中具有里程碑意义的时刻，它为爱因斯坦的理论提供了有力的佐证。 这项成就不仅包括技术突破，还见证了包括200多位科学家与世界上最好的无线电观测站之间的国际合作。 创新的算法和数据处理技术改进了现有的天文模型，帮助我们揭开宇宙的神秘面纱。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_bbh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Numpy核心能力的运用**" >}} + +[resolution]: https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole + +[eddington]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment + +[ehtim]: https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging + +[astropy]: https://www.astropy.org/ +[mpl]: https://matplotlib.org/ diff --git a/content/zh/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md b/content/zh/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5159ce7d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/case-studies/cricket-analytics.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +--- +title: "案例研究：通过数据分析玩转板球！" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/ipl-stadium. ng" caption="**IPLT20, 印度最大的板球节**" alt="印度高级板球联赛体育场和冠军奖杯 attr="*(图片来源：IPLT20 (奖杯和标志) & Akash Yadav(体育场))*" totlink="https://unsplash. om/@aksh1802" >}} + +理论上黑洞不可能被“看见”，M87黑洞的成像正试图打破这种限制
+ +
++ +## 关于板球 + +印度人喜欢板球几乎人尽皆知。 这个游戏几乎在印度的任何角落都可以玩，无论是农村还是城市，与其它任何运动项目相比，只有板球可以轻松连接印度的数十亿年轻人和老年人。 板球受到了媒体的广泛关注。 无数 [金钱](https://www.statista.com/topics/4543/indian-premier-league-ipl/) 和 荣誉都压宝在这项运动上。 在过去的几年中，数据技术分析确实成为了运动场上的常胜将军。 流媒体、锦标赛、在移动设备上实时的观看板球等形式让不同观众的观看欲望得到最大满足。 + +印度超级联赛(IPL) 是成立于2008年的Twenty20板球职业联赛。 它是世界上参与人数最多的板球赛事之一，2019年价值为 [67亿美元](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League) 。 + +板球本质上是关于数字的游戏-击球方的跑动得分，投球手击中门柱的次数，板球队赢得回合的次数，击球手以特定方式还击的次数等等。 借助类似Numpy等功能强大的数值计算分析软件，可以充分挖掘板球得分背后的原理，并对板球的商业化、市场化和经济效益提供重要的参考价值。 板球数据分析为比赛提供了独特的视角，并提供了有关比赛结果的智能预测。 + +时至今日，板球比赛的记录和统计数据非常丰富，几乎无穷无尽。例如[ESPN cricinfo](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html) 和 [cricsheet](https://cricsheet.org)。 这些板球数据库使用最新的机器学习和预测建模算法来进行 [板球分析](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336886516_Data_visualization_and_toss_related_analysis_of_IPL_teams_and_batsmen_performances)。 媒体和娱乐平台以及与游戏相关联的专业体育机构使用技术分析来确定关键指标，以提高比赛获胜机率： + +* 击球时跑动步数均值的表现 +* 分数预测 +* 深入了解球员在面对不同对手时的身体表现状况 +* 在团队组成的决策过程中考察球员对比赛输赢的贡献值 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/cricket-pitch. ng" class="csfigcaption" caption="**万众瞩目的板球场**" alt="板球赛场上投球手和击球手蓄势待发" align="middle" attr="*(Image credit: Debarghya Das)*" attrlink="http://debarghyadas.com/files/IPLpaper.pdf" >}} + +### 关键数据分析目标 + +* 运动数据分析不仅用于板球运动，还适用于 [其它运动](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx) 中，以改善团队的整体表现并最大程度的提高获胜机会。 +* 实时数据分析甚至可以在比赛过程中帮助提高洞察力，从而使团队和相关投资方改变比赛策略以获取更高的经济效益。 +* 除了历史数据分析之外，预测模型也被使用来确定可能的比赛结果，这些结果需要大量的数值处理和数据科学专业知识， 可视化工具以及在分析中增加新观察项的能力。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/player-pose-estimatator. ng" class="fig-center" alt="post estimator" caption="**板球姿势预测**" tot="*(Image credit: connect.vin)*" totlink="https://connect.vin/2019/05/ai-for-cricket-batsman-pose-analysis/" >}} + +### 面临的挑战 + +* **数据清理和预处理** + + IPL已经将板球运动从经典的测试赛扩展到更广的比赛形式。 每个赛季各种形式的比赛场次都有所增加，相应的数据规模、新算法、新的数据分析技术和模拟模型也有所增加。 板球数据分析需要对现场数据进行全方位跟踪，包括球员追踪、球的追踪、球员击球数据分析以及与如何传递球、球的角度、旋转、速度和轨迹有关的方面。 所有这些因素共同增加了数据清理和预处理的复杂性。 + +* **数据动态建模** + + 在板球运动中，就像任何其他体育运动一样，可能存在大量的变量，这些变量包括跟踪球场上各种球员的状态、球员的属性、球本身以及球员多种可能的潜在动作。 数据分析和建模的复杂性与分析过程中提出的预测问题的种类成正比，并且高度依赖数据表示和模型建模能力。 在要求实时动态的预测板球比赛的结果时，对计算性能、数据比对质量提出了更高的挑战，比如击球手以不同角度或速度击球对比赛结果会产生何种影响。 + +* **预测分析的复杂性** + + 板球比赛中的很多决定大都基于如下问题的答案：“针对特定类型的投球手，击球手特殊攻击的频率是多少”或者“如果击球手发动特殊攻击的话，投球手会如何改变他的投球位和投球距离”。 这些预测性分析的答案需要高精度且可用的数据集以及合成数据和构建高精度模型的能力。 + +## NumPy在板球数据分析中的角色 + +体育分析是一个蓬勃发展的领域。 除了使用最新的机器学习和AI技术之外，许多研究人员和公司[使用Numpy](https://adtmag.com/blogs/dev-watch/2017/07/sports-analytics.aspx)和其它Python数据处理包，例如Scikit-learn, SciPy, Matplotlib和Jupyter。 Numpy已用于各种与板球相关的体育分析中，例如： + +* **统计分析:** NumPy的数值计算功能有助于在各种球员和比赛策略下估算观察数据或比赛事件的统计意义，并通过与生成模型或静态模型进行比较来预测比赛结果。 [因果分析](https://amplitude.com/blog/2017/01/19/causation-correlation) 和 [大数据分析](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996805/) 就常用于战术分析。 + +* **Data Visualization:** Data graphing and [visualization](https://towardsdatascience.com/advanced-sports-visualization-with-pandas-matplotlib-and-seaborn-9c16df80a81b) provide useful insights into relationship between various datasets. + +## 总结 + +在专业赛事中，特别是需要战略决策的比赛，运动数据分析常常能起到力挽狂澜的效果，哪怕是现在，主要还是依赖“勇气和直觉”或对过去传统的经验来完成分析。 NumPy为大量的 Python 软件包奠定了坚实的基础，这些软件包提供了与数据分析， 机器学习和AI算法相关的更高层级的函数。 这些软件包被广泛应用以获取实时赛况的分析，从而有助于在现场做出最有利于自己的决策，实现在板球比赛过程中的商业利益最大化。 找出影响板球比赛结果的隐藏参数、模式和属性，有助于投资方获得隐藏在数字和统计数据背后的比赛洞察力。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_bbh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Numpy核心能力的运用**" >}} diff --git a/content/zh/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md b/content/zh/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0cd2de78d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +--- +title: "案例研究：使用DeepLabCut预测动物行为" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/mice-hand.gif" class="fig-center" caption="**使用DeepLapCut**分析老鼠的手部姿势 " alt="micehandanim" tot="*(来源: www.deeplabcut.org)*" totlink="http://www.mousemotorlab.org/deeplabcut">}} + +你不是为人群而战，而是为国家而战。
+ +
++ +## 关于 DeepLabCut + +[DeepLabCut](https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut) 是一个开放源码工具箱，它使世界各地数以百计的研究人员能够在训练数据非常少的情况下跟踪实验室动物的行为，而且能达到人类水平的准确性。 借助DeepLabCut技术，科学家可以更深入更科学地了解不同动物在不同时间段对运动的控制和表现行为。 + +包括神经科学、医学和生物力学在内的若干研究领域都使用了跟踪动物运动的数据。 DeepLabCut通过解析电影上记录的动作，帮助了解人类和其他动物行为背后的内涵。 DeepLabCut将标记和监测的繁重工作自动化，同时进行基于神经网络的深度数据分析，使得涉及观察例如灵长类动物、小鼠、鱼类和苍蝇等动物行为的科学研究更快、更准确。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/race-horse. gif" class="fig-center" caption="**通过彩色标点跟踪赛马身体位置的变化**" alt="horserideranim" totel="*(资料来源：Mackenzie Mathis)*">}} + +对于生物力学、遗传学、人类学和神经科学等领域的科学研究来说，DeepLabCut通过非侵入式手段提取动物姿势至关重要。 无论从技术层面还是从庞大的资源需求和训练集来看，不带标记非侵入式的从视频中检测动物的姿势，预测动物在动态变化背景下的行为表现对计算机都极具挑战。 + +DeepLabCut使研究人员能够通过基于 Python 的软件工具包有效地估计该实验对象的姿势，使他们能够对实验对象的行为进行量化。 借助DeepLabCut，研究人员可以从视频中识别出不同的帧，并使用量身定制的GUI数字标记数十个帧中的特定身体部位，然后DeepLabCut中基于深度学习的姿势估计架构将学习如何从剩余视频或类似动物行为的视频中提取出相同的特征。 这种方法适用于各种动物，从常见的苍蝇和老鼠等实验室动物到不常见到的[猎豹][cheetah-movement]等动物。 + +DeepLabCut使用一种称为 [转移学习](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11229)的原理，大大减少了所需训练数据的规模，并加快了训练周期的收敛速度。 根据不同需求，用户可以选择不同的网络结构来获得更高性能的推理模型(例如MobileNetV2)，也可以将其与实时的实验反馈相结合。 DeepLabCut最初使用了一个名为[DeeperCut](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03170)的高性能人物姿势评估特征探测器, 这也是DeepLabCut这个名字的由来。 现在这套软件已经作了重大更新，包含支持更多架构、算子规模的扩大和全面的前端用户体验提升。 此外， 为了支持大规模生物实验，DeepLabCut提供了主动学习的能力，因此用户可以随着时间的推移增加训练集以覆盖边缘用例，并使他们的姿势估计算法在特定场景下变的更加强大。 + +最近，引入了 [DeepLabCut model zoo](http://www.mousemotorlab.org/dlc-modelzoo) ，它为不同物种和不同实验条件提供预训练的模型，从灵长类动物的面部分析到狗的姿势。 有了modelzoo之后，模型就可以在云端运行，而且不用给新数据贴上任何标签，也不需要神经网络训练，也不需要任何编程经验。 + +### 关键目标和成果 + +* **对动物行为进行自动化分析以供科学研究：** + + DeepLabCut技术的主要目标是在各种环境下测量和跟踪动物的姿势。 这些数据大有用处，比如可以用于神经科学研究以了解大脑是如何控制运动的，或者阐明动物是如何进行社交互动的。 研究人员观察到DeepLabCut的 [性能提升了10倍](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457242v1)。 可以在单机状态下以每秒1200多帧(FPS) 的速度推断出动物姿态。 + +* **创建一个易于使用的 Python 工具包用于姿态估计：** + + DeepLabCut想要以易于使用的工具的形式共享其动物姿态估计技术，使得研究人员可以轻松上手。 因此这个Python工具箱甚至包含有项目管理的功能。 通过帮助使用DeepLabCut工具集的用户打通从数据收集阶段到创建可共享可重用的数据分析流程，这样不仅实现了姿态估计的自动化，而且可以端到端的管理整个项目。 + + 他们的 [工具包][DLCToolkit] 现在已经完全开源了。 + + 典型的DeepLabCut 工作流包括： + + - 通过主动学习创建和完善训练集 + - 针对特定动物和场景创建量身定制的神经网络 + - 从视频中得到大规模推理所需的代码 + - 使用集成的可视化工具得出结论 + +{{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/deepplabcut-toolkit-steps.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**DeepLabCut的姿态估计流程**" alt="dlcsteps" align="middle" tot="(来源: DeepLabCut)" tourlink="https://twitter.com/DeepLabCut/status/1198046918284210176/phot/1" >}} + +### 面临的挑战 + +* **性能** + + 在快速处理动物行为视频以测量其行为的同时提高科学实验的效率和精度。 无论从技术层面还是从庞大的资源需求和训练集来看，不带标记非侵入式的从视频中检测动物的姿势，预测动物在动态变化背景下的行为表现对计算性能都极具挑战。 需要提出一种易于使用的工具，但不依赖诸如计算机科学家的专业知识，也不需要在近乎真实的环境中进行研究，要达成这个目标不是一件容易的事儿。 + +* **组合学** + + 组合学涉及到将多个肢体的运动姿势组装并整合到单个动物的行为中去。 将关键姿态及其联系与个体动物不同时段的不同动作整合起来是一个复杂的过程，需要进行繁琐的数值分析，尤其是在实验视频中捕捉多个动物行为的情况下。 + +* **数据处理** + + 最后一点但是并非不重要的一点是对数组的处理-处理与各种图像、目标张量和关键点相对应的大型数组具有相当大的挑战性。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/pose-estimatation.png" class="csfigcaption" caption="**姿势估计的复杂性和多样性**" alt="challesfig" ="middle tot="(来源: Mackenzie Mathis)" tacklink="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/476531v1.full.pdf" >}} + +## Numpy在应对姿态估计挑战中的角色 + +NumPy 解决了DeepLabCut技术对行为分析进行高性能数值计算的核心需求。 除了NumPy, DeepLabCut 还使用 各种以 NumPy 为核心的 Python 软件， 例如 [SciPy](https://www.scipy.org), [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [tensorpack](https://github.com/tensorpack/tensorpack), [imgig](https://github.com/aleju/imgaug), [sikit-learning](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/), [scikit-image](https://scikit-image.org) 和 [Tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org) + +NumPy 的以下功能在图像处理、组合计算和高性能DeepLabCut 姿态预测算法等方面发挥了关键作用。 + +* 向量化 +* Mask数组操作 +* 线性代数 +* 随机采样 +* 大规模矩阵变形 + +DeepLabCut在工具包提供的整个工作流中都使用了NumPy 数组。 需要特别指出的是，为了方便手工注释标注，以及便于编写、编辑和处理这些标注，Numpy被广泛应用于对不同的图像帧进行采样。 DeepLabCut对TensorFlow中的神经网络进行了成千上万次迭代训练，以预测图像 帧中注释的准确性。 为了达成这个目标，需要创建一个目标分布图(得分地图) 将姿态预测问题投射为图像之间变换的问题。 采用数据增强技术可以让神经网络变的更健壮，这就需要对遵循各种几何和图像处理流程的目标积分图进行计算。 为了加快训练速度，NumPy 的向量化功能会被充分利用起来。 在推理阶段，目标积分图中最可能的预测结果会被提取出来，然后就可以有效地“将预测结果映射到某种具体的动物”。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/deeplabcut-workflow.png" class="fig-center" caption="**DeepLabCut工作流程**" alt="workflow" tot="*(资料来源：Mackenzie Mathis)*" tacklink="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DeepLabCut-work-flow-The-diagram-lab-lab-the-lab-the-work-flow-as well-the-directory-and_fig1_329185962">}} + +## 总结 + +对行为进行精确的观测和高效的描述是现代伦理学、神经科学、医学和技术的核心内容。 [DeepLabCut](http://orga.cvss.cc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NathMathis2019.pdf) 让研究人员预测实验对象的行为成为可能，从而高效量化动物行为。 DeepLabCut Python工具箱仅需少量训练图像就可以将神经网络训练达到人类水平的标注准确性，因此它的应用范围绝不局限于实验室的行为分析，而且还可以拓展到运动、步态分析、医学和康复研究中。 通过操作Numpy数组，可以解决DeepLabCut算法面临的复杂组合计算和数据处理难题。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_bh_bbh_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Numpy核心能力的运用**" >}} + +[cheetah-movement]: https://www. technologynetworks. com/neuroscience/articles/interview-a-deeper-cut-into-behavior-with-mackenzie-mathis-327618 + +[DLCToolkit]: https://github.com/DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut diff --git a/content/zh/case-studies/gw-discov.md b/content/zh/case-studies/gw-discov.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd33c7a37f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/case-studies/gw-discov.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +--- +title: "案例研究：发现引力波" +sidebar: false +--- + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/gw_sxs_image. ng" class="fig-center" caption="**引力波**" alt="两个黑洞合并生成引力波纹" totel="*(图片来源：LIGO的极端时空模拟 (SXS) 项目)*" totlink="https://youtu. e/Zt8Z_uzG71o">}} + +开源软件正在加速生物医学的发展。 DeepLabCut能够使用深度学习对动物行为进行自动视频分析。
+ +
++ +## 关于 [引力波](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/what-are-gravitational-waves-ligo-astronomy-science/) and [LIGO](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu) + +引力波是空间和时间结构中的涟漪。由宇宙中的灾难性事件产生，例如两个黑洞的碰撞和合并或双星或超新星的合并。 观测引力波不仅有助于研究引力，而且有助于了解遥远宇宙中一些不为人知的现象及其影响。 + +[激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu)旨在通过直接探测爱因斯坦广义相对论预测的引力波来打开引力波天体物理学领域。 It comprises two widely separated interferometers within the United States — one in Hanford, Washington and the other in Livingston, Louisiana — operated in unison to detect gravitational waves. 每一个仪器都装载使用了激光干涉测量法的公里级引力波探测器。 LIGO科学计算团队(LSC) 是由来自美国各地大学和其他 14 个国家的 1000 多名科学家组成的团体，得到了 90 多所大学和研究机构的支持；大约 250 名学生积极参与项目合作。 LIGO 的新发现是关于对引力波本身的首次观测，通过测量引力波在穿过地球时对空间和时间造成的微小扰动而制成。 它开辟了新的天体物理学研究方向，致力于探索宇宙扭曲的一面—研究由扭曲的时空构成的物体和现象。 + + +### 关键目标 + +* 虽然它的 [任务](https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-ligo) 是探测宇宙中反应最剧烈和能量最集中的区域产生的引力波，但 LIGO 收集的数据可能会对物理学的许多领域产生深远的影响，包括引力、相对论、天体物理学、宇宙学、粒子物理学和核物理。 +* 通过涉及复杂数学的数值相对论来计算和处理观测数据，以便从噪声中辨别信号、滤除相关信号并统计估计观测数据的重要性。 +* 数据可视化，以便可以理解二进制/数值结果。 + + + +### 面临的挑战 + +* **计算** + + 引力波很难被探测到，因为它们产生的影响非常小，与物质的相互作用也很小。 处理和分析 LIGO 的所有数据需要庞大的计算基础设施。在处理数十亿倍于引力波信号的噪声后，仍然需要使用非常复杂的相对论方程来处理海量数据，这带来了计算挑战： [二进制合并分析需要花费O(10^ 7) 级别的 CPU 小时数](https://youtu.be/7mcHknWWzNI)才能完成，这些计算过程由 6 个专用 LIGO 集群分摊解决。 + +* **数据泛滥** + + 随着观测设备变得更加敏感和可靠，数据泛滥和大海捞针所带来的挑战成倍增加。 LIGO 每天生成数 TB 的数据！ 每一次检测之后要理解这些数据都要付出巨大的努力。 例如，LIGO 收集的信号必须由超级计算机与数十万个可能的引力波特征模板进行匹配。 + +* **可视化** + + 一旦解决了理解爱因斯坦方程以及使用超级计算机求解这些方程相关的障碍，下一个重大挑战就是使人脑能够理解数据。 仿真建模以及信号检测需要有效的可视化技术。 在纯科学爱好者的眼中，可视化在为数值相对论提供更多可信度方面也发挥了作用，在成像和模拟使更多人更容易理解结果之前，他们并没有对数值相对论给予足够的重视。 使用最新的实验输入和见解来加快复杂计算和渲染、重新渲染图像和模拟的速度可能是一项耗时的活动，给该领域的研究人员带来严峻挑战。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/gw_strain_amplitude ng" class="fig-center" alt="引力波应变幅值” caption="**来自GW150914的估计引力波应变幅度**"Attorney="(**图表来源:** 从二元黑洞合并中观察引力波，ResearchGate 出版物)" tourlink="https://www. esearchgate.net/publication/293886905_Observation_of_Gravitational_Waves_from_a_Binary_Black_Hole_Merger” >}} + +## Numpy 在引力波检测中的作用 + +除了使用超级计算机暴力计算数值相对论之外，目前还无法使用任何其它技术计算黑洞合并发出的引力波。 LIGO 收集的数据量之大，就像无比微弱的引力波信号一样，令人难以置信。 + +NumPy 是 Python 的标准数值分析包，被用于 LIGO GW 检测项目期间执行的各种任务的软件所使用。 NumPy 有助于高性能处理复杂的数学问题和数据操作。 这里有一些例子： + +* [信号处理](https://www.uv.es/virgogroup/Denoising_ROF.html): 毛刺检测, [噪音识别和数据表征](https://ep2016.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/pyhton-in-gravitational-waves-research-communities.pdf) (NumPy, scikit-learn, scipy, matplab, pandas, pyCharm) +* 数据检索：决定哪些数据可以用于分析，确定它是否包含信号—犹如大海捞针 +* 统计分析：估计观测数据的统计显著性，通过与模型比较来估计信号参数(如恒星质量、自旋速度和距离)。 +* 数据可视化 + - 时间序列 + - 频谱图 +* 计算相关性 +* 在GW 数据分析中开发的关键 [软件](https://github.com/lscsoft) 例如： [GwPy](https://gwpy.github.io/docs/stable/overview.html) 和 [PyCBC](https://pycbc.org) 使用 NumPy 和 AstroPy 为实用程序、工具和方法提供基于对象的接口，用于研究来自引力波探测器的数据。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/gwpy-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="gwpy-numpy depgraph" caption="**GwPy 包的软件依赖关系**>}} + +---- + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/PyCBC-numpy-dep-graph.png" class="fig-center" alt="PyCBC-numpy depgraph" caption="**PyCBC包的软件依赖关系图**>}} + +## 总结 + +GW 探测使研究人员能够发现完全出乎意料的现象，同时为许多已知的最深刻的天体物理现象提供了新的见解。 数学运算和数据可视化是帮助科学家深入了解从科学观察中收集到的数据并理解结果的关键步骤。 计算是复杂的，除非使用计算机模拟进行可视化，并提供真实的观察数据和分析，否则人类无法理解。 NumPy 与其他 Python 包（例如 matplotlib、pandas 和 scikit-learn）一起[使研究人员](https://www.gw-openscience.org/events/GW150914/)能够回答复杂的问题并开拓我们理解宇宙的新视角。 + +{{< figsrc="/images/content_images/cs/numpy_gw_benefits.png" class="fig-center" alt="numpy benefits" caption="**Numpy核心能力的应用**" >}} diff --git a/content/zh/citing-numpy.md b/content/zh/citing-numpy.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a5db3deb31 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/citing-numpy.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +--- +title: 引用 NumPy +sidebar: false +--- + +如果 NumPy 在您的研究中很重要， 您想在您的学术出版物中致谢这个项目，我们建议您引用以下论文： + +* Harris, C.R., Millman, K.J., van der Walt, S.J. et al. _Array programming with NumPy_. Nature 585, 357–362 (2020). DOI: [10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2). ([Publisher link](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2)). + +_BibTeX 格式：_ + + ``` +@Article{ harris2020array, + title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, + author = {Charles R. Harris and K. Jarrod Millman and St{\'{e}}fan J. + van der Walt and Ralf Gommers and Pauli Virtanen and David + Cournapeau and Eric Wieser and Julian Taylor and Sebastian + Berg and Nathaniel J. Smith and Robert Kern and Matti Picus + and Stephan Hoyer and Marten H. van Kerkwijk and Matthew + Brett and Allan Haldane and Jaime Fern{\'{a}}ndez del + R{\'{i}}o and Mark Wiebe and Pearu Peterson and Pierre + G{\'{e}}rard-Marchant and Kevin Sheppard and Tyler Reddy and + Warren Weckesser and Hameer Abbasi and Christoph Gohlke and + Travis E. Oliphant}, + year = {2020}, + month = sep, + journal = {Nature}, + volume = {585}, + number = {7825}, + pages = {357--362}, + doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, + publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2} +} +``` diff --git a/content/zh/code-of-conduct.md b/content/zh/code-of-conduct.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65f28b634e --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/code-of-conduct.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--- +title: NumPy 行为守则 +sidebar: false +aliases: + - /conduct.html +--- + +### 引言 + +本行为守则适用于 NumPy 项目管理的所有网络空间，包括所有公共和私人的邮件列表、问题追踪器、 维基、 博客、 推特以及本社区使用的任何其他交流频道。 NumPy 项目不组织面对面活动。 然而，与本社区有关的活动应有一个与本社区内涵上类似的行为守则。 + +本行为守则应由每个正式或非正式参加本社区的、与项目有关的、与项目的活动有关的、特别是在代表项目时的人来遵守。 + +该守则不详尽，也不完整。 它有助于提升我们对协作、共享环境和目标的共识。 请尽量从内涵上遵循这一守则，以创造一个友好、高效益的环境来丰富有关的社区。 + +### 具体准则 + +要努力去： + +1. 敞开心扉。 我们邀请任何人参加本社区。 我们更喜欢公开交流与项目有关的信息，除非讨论某些敏感问题时。 这也适用于帮助或项目支持的信息； 向公众寻求支持帮助不仅更有可能得到对某个问题的答复， 它还能确保更容易发现和纠正任何无意中的错误。 +2. 充满热情、欢迎、友善和耐心。 我们怀着美好的意愿共同努力解决冲突。 我们都可能时不时遭受某种挫折，但我们不允许把沮丧变成个人攻击的工具。 一个让人感到不舒服或受到威胁的社区并不是一个富有成效的社区。 +3. 保持合作。 我们的工作成果将被其他人使用，反过来，我们依靠其他人的工作来进行改进。 当我们在项目中添加一些有用的功能时，我们愿意向其他人解释它是如何运作的。 这样他们就能够在这些功能的基础上进一步改善工作效率。 我们作出的任何决定都将影响到用户和开发者，因此在作出决定时必须认真考虑后果。 +4. 勤于向人请教。 没人知道所有事！ 提早提问可以避免很多麻烦的发生，所以我们鼓励提问，尽管我们可能把它们引向更合适的论坛中。 我们将努力做出反应并提供帮助。 +5. 谨慎用词 我们在沟通过程中保持谨慎和尊重，我们对自己的发言负有全部责任。 善待他人。 不要侮辱或贬低其他参与者。 我们不接受骚扰或其他排斥行为，例如： + * 针对他人的暴力威胁或语言。 + * 性别、种族主义或其他歧视性笑话和语言。 + * 露骨或粗暴的素材; + * 发布（或威胁发布）他人个人身份信息（“敲诈”）。 + * 未经发件人同意分享私人内容，例如私下发送电子邮件、或发送至非公开/未登录论坛，如IRC 频道。 + * 个人侮辱，尤其是使用种族主义或性别歧视术语的侮辱。 + * 不受欢迎的性关注。 + * 过于夸张。 请避免使用骂人的话；人们对咒骂的敏感度差异很大。 + * 对他人的反复骚扰。 一般来说，如果有人要求你停止，你就要停止了。 + * 鼓吹或鼓励上述任何行为。 + +### 多样性声明 + +NumPy项目欢迎并鼓励每个人参与。 我们致力于成为一个人人都参与的共同体。 虽然我们可能并不总是能够照顾到每个人的喜好，但我们尽力善待每一个人。 + +无论你如何看待自己，也无论其他人如何看待你：我们欢迎你的参与。 虽然社区文化不可能做到包罗万象，但我们明确尊重在年龄、文化、族裔、基因、性别认同或表达、语言、民族血统、神经型、表型、政治信仰、职业、种族、宗教、性取向、社会经济地位、亚文化和技术水平等方面的多样性，在不违反本行为守则的情况下，任何人都可以参与到社区中。 + +虽然我们欢迎精通多语种的人群，但NumPy的开发是用英语进行的。 + +上面的《行为守则》详细介绍了NumPy社区的行为标准。 我们社区的参与者应在其所有互动过程中遵守这些标准，并帮助其他参与者也这样做（见下一节）。 + +### 举报指南 + +我们知道，互联网通信平台从诞生开始就演变为非常普遍的辱骂恶意中伤的场所。 我们还认识到，有时人们可能会有不愉快的时候，或不知道本行为守则中的一些准则。 在决定如何应对违反本守则的行为时，请铭记这一点。 + +关于明显故意违反行为，向行为守则委员会报告（见下文）。 对于可能无意的违规行为，您可以回复此人并指出此行为准则（无论是在公开场合还是私下场合，选择一种最合适的方式）。 如果你不愿意这样做，请随时直接向行为守则委员会汇报， 或以保密方式向委员会征求意见。 + +您可以在 numpy-conduct@googlegroups.com上向NumPy行为守则委员会报告问题。 + +目前，该委员会包含如下成员： + +* Stefan van der Walt +* Melissa Weber Mendonça +* Anirudh Subramanian + +如果你的举报涉及委员会的任何成员，或他们认为对举报的处理存在利益冲突， 他们将回避审议你的报告。 或者，如果你出于任何原因感到不方便向委员会提交报告， 那么您也可以通过 [conduct@numfocus.org](https://numfocus.org/code-of-conduct#persons-responsible)联系NumFOCUS高级工作人员。 + +### 事故报告决议 & 行为守则执行 + +_本节概述最重要的环节。 更多详细信息可在_ [NumPy行为守则-如何对举报采取后续行动](/report-handling-manual) 中找到。 + +我们将调查并答复所有指控。 NumPy行为守则委员会和NumPy指导委员会（如果涉及的话）将保护举报者的身份，并将投诉内容视为保密(除非举报人另有约定)。 + +如果发生严重和明显的违约行为，例如人身攻击和恐吓、性别或种族歧视， 我们将立即断开发起人与 NumPy 通信频道的联系；详情请参阅手册。 + +在不涉及明显严重和明显违反本行为守则行为的情况下，就收到的任何违反行为守则行为报告采取行动的程序将是： + +1. 声明已收到举报信息。 +2. 合理的讨论/反馈。 +3. 调解(如果反馈意见没有产生帮助，并且只有当举报方和被举报方都同意这样做时)， +4. 《行为守则》委员会通过公开透明的决定(见 [决议](/report-handling-manual#resolutions)) 来执行。 + +委员会将尽快、至多在72小时内对任何举报作出答复。 + +### 尾注 + +我们感谢以下文件背后的团体，我们从这些文件中吸取了内容和灵感： + +- [《SciPy行为守则》](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/dev/conduct/code_of_conduct.html) diff --git a/content/zh/community.md b/content/zh/community.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f4904d9cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/community.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +title: 社区 +sidebar: false +--- + +NumPy is a community-driven open source project developed by a diverse group of [contributors](/teams/). Numpy的领导层承诺要打造一个开放，包容，积极向上的社区。 请阅读 [ NumPy 行为准则](/code-of-conduct) 以了解如何用促进社区繁荣的方式与他人交流互动。 + +我们提供多种交流渠道，可以用来学习知识、分享您的专业见解、或是与 NumPy 社区中的其他人联系。 + + +## 线上参与 + +以下是直接参与 NumPy 项目和社区的方法。 _注意，我们鼓励用户和社区成员在使用问题上相互帮助——参阅 [获取帮助](/gethelp)。_ + + +### [NumPy 邮件列表](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) + +这个列表是较长形式讨论的主要讨论区，例如将新功能添加到Numpy，更改Numpy 路线图或是各种项目级的决策。 同时也是NumPy的公告区，例如releases，开发者会议，Sprints 或是会议演讲也在这个列表中。 + +在这个列表上，请用包含引文回复的方式回复邮件列表(而不是另一个发送者)，并且不要回复摘要。 A searchable archive of this list is available [here](https://mail.python.org/archives/list/numpy-discussion@python.org/). + +*** + +### [Github issue 追踪器](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) + +- 报告bug (例如："`np.arange(3).shop`本应该返回 `(3),`，却返回结果 `(5),`"); +- 文档问题 (例如："我发现这一节没写清楚"); +- 特性请求 (例如："我想在 `np.percentile` 中加一个新的插值方法")。 + +_注意，Github不是报告安全漏洞的正确位置! 如果你认为你在 NumPy 中找到了一个安全漏洞，请在 [这里](https://tidelift.com/docs/security) 报告。_ + +*** + +### [Slack](https://numpy-team.slack.com) + +一个用于询问有关为NumPy做 _贡献_ 的问题的实时聊天室。 这是一个私密空间，特别适用于那些在大型公共邮件列表或GitHub上提出他们的问题或想法时犹豫不决的人。 在 [这里](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/index.html#contributing-to-numpy) 获取更多详情以及如何才能受邀加入这个空间的方法。 + + +## 学习小组和 Meetups + +如果你想找一个用于了解NumPy以及更广泛的数据科学和科学计算python包生态的本地meetup或是学习小组，我们建议你探索一下[PyData meetups](https://www.meetup.com/pro/pydata/)(开展过150+次 meetups, 包含100,000+ 名成员)。 + +NumPy还偶尔为其团队和感兴趣的贡献者组织亲身Sprints。 这往往会提前几个月计划，并在[邮件列表](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion)和[Twitter](https://twitter.com/numpy_team)上发布通知。 + + +## 会议 + +NumPy 项目不会组织自己的会议。 历来最受 NumPy 维护者、贡献者和用户欢迎的会议是SciPy 和 PyData 系列会议如下： + +- [SciPy US](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [EuroSciPy](https://www.euroscipy.org) +- [SciPy Latin America](https://www.scipyla.org) +- [SciPy India](https://scipy.in) +- [SciPy Japan](https://conference.scipy.org) +- [PyData conferences](https://pydata.org/event-schedule/) (分布在许多国家，每年有15-20个活动) + +这些会议大部分都包括一些教程日涵盖 NumPy 和/或 sprints ，您可以从中学习如何为NumPy 或相关的开源项目做贡献。 + + +## 加入 NumPy 社区 + +NumPy 项目的繁荣发展需要您的专业知识和热情。 不是coder? 没关系! 有许多方式可以为NumPy做贡献。 + +如果您有兴趣成为NumPy贡献者 (好耶!) ，建议查看 [贡献](/contribute) 页面。 + diff --git a/content/zh/config.yaml b/content/zh/config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fcd0b546f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +--- +languageName: 英语 +params: + description: 为什么使用 Numpy？它有强大的高维数组、有数字计算工具、互可操作、高性能、开源。 + navbarlogo: + image: logo.svg + link: / + hero: + #Main hero title + title: NumPy + #Hero subtitle (optional) + subtitle: 使用 Python 进行科学计算的基本包 + #Button text + buttontext: 入门 + #Where the main hero button links to + buttonlink: "/install" + #Hero image (from static/images/___) + image: logo.svg + shell: + title: 占位符 + promptlabel: 交互式shell提示 + button: + - + label: 启用交互式教程shell。 + text: 启用 + shellcontent: + intro: + - + title: 尝试使用NumPy + text: 启用交互式教程shell。 + loading: + - + title: 当我们等待时... + text: 正在前往 mybinder.org 启动容器... + docslink: 别忘了查看 用户手册。 + casestudies: + title: 案例研究 + features: + - + title: 第一张黑洞图像 + text: NumPy 是怎么配合 SciPy 和 Matplotlib 等库来让事件视界望远镜（Eht）生成第一张黑洞图像的 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/blackhole.png + alttext: 这是黑洞的第一张图像。它是黑色背景上衬着的一个橙色圆环。 + url: /case-studies/blackhole-image + - + title: 引力波探测 + text: 在1916年，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦预测了引力波的存在。100年后，激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）的科学家利用 NumPy 证明了引力波的存在。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/gravitional.png + alttext: 两个相互环绕的天体。它们改变了周围的引力。 + url: /case-studies/gw-discov + - + title: 运动分析 + text: Cricket Analytics 正在通过统计模型和预测分析来改进队员的团队的表现，改变体育界。NumPy 让其中很多的分析成为了可能。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/sports.jpg + alttext: 绿色的赛场上的板球。 + url: /case-studies/cricket-analytics + - + title: 使用深度学习进行估计 + text: DeepLabCut 使用 NumPy 来加速进行涉及观察动物行为的科学研究，以便跨物种和时间尺度推动研究发展。 + img: /images/content_images/case_studies/deeplabcut.png + alttext: 猎豹姿势分析 + url: /case-studies/deeplabcut-dnn + keyfeatures: + features: + - + title: 强大的高维数组 + text: 快速、多面性、NumPy向量化、索引化和广播概念是当今数组计算的事实标准。 + - + title: 数字计算工具 + text: NumPy 提供了丰富全面的数学函数、随机数生成器、线性代数函数、傅式变换等等。 + - + title: 互操作性 + text: NumPy 支持范围广泛的硬件和计算平台，并且在分布式、GPU和稀疏数组库中也能得到很好的应用。 + - + title: 高性能 + text: NumPy 的核心是高度优化的 C 代码，同时兼顾了Python语言的灵活性和编译代码的高性能。 + - + title: 简单易用 + text: NumPy的高度模块化的语法使得任何背景或经验级别的程序员都能够快速上手。 + - + title: 开放源代码 + text: Distributed under a liberal [BSD license](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/LICENSE.txt), NumPy is developed and maintained [publicly on GitHub](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) by a vibrant, responsive, and diverse [community](/community). + tabs: + title: 生态系统 + section5: false +navbar: + - + title: 安装 + url: /install + - + title: 文档 + url: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + title: 学习指南 + url: /learn + - + title: 社区 + url: /community + - + title: 关于我们 + url: /about + - + title: 参与贡献 + url: /contribute +footer: + logo: logo.svg + socialmediatitle: "" + socialmedia: + - + link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy + icon: github + - + link: https://twitter.com/numpy_team + icon: 推特 + quicklinks: + column1: + title: "" + links: + - + text: 安装 + link: /install + - + text: 文档 + link: https://numpy.org/doc/stable + - + text: 学习指南 + link: /learn + - + text: 引用 NumPy + link: /citing-numpy + - + text: 版本规划 + link: https://numpy.org/neps/roadmap.html + column2: + links: + - + text: 关于我们 + link: /about + - + text: 社区 + link: /community + - + text: User surveys + link: /user-surveys + - + text: Contribute + link: /contribute + - + text: Code of conduct + link: /code-of-conduct + column3: + links: + - + text: 获得帮助 + link: /gethelp + - + text: 使用条款 + link: /terms + - + text: 隐私政策 + link: /privacy + - + text: 宣传材料 + link: /press-kit + diff --git a/content/zh/contribute.md b/content/zh/contribute.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..79e22d590d --- /dev/null +++ b/content/zh/contribute.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +- - - +title: Numpy贡献者指南 sidebar: false +- - - + +NumPy 项目的繁荣发展需要您的专业知识和热情！ 您在社区能做的不仅限于编程 - 除了 + +- [写代码](#writing-code) + +你还可以 + +- [检视合并请求](#reviewing-pull-requests) +- [开发教程、演示文稿和其它教育材料](#developing-educational-materials) +- [对问题分类](#issue-triaging) +- [优化社区官网](#website-development) +- [贡献图形设计](#graphic-design) +- [翻译网站内容](#translating-website-content) +- [担任社区协调员](#community-coordination-and-outreach) +- [撰写捐款提案并帮助完成其他筹款活动](#fundraising) + +如果你不确定从哪里开始或你的技能如何匹配社区， _向我们求助吧！_ 您可以在 [邮件列表](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/numpy-discussion) 或[GitHub](http://github.com/numpy/numpy) (打开一个[issue](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues) 或评论相关的问题)。 + +这些是我们的首选联系渠道(开源的本质是开放)，但如果您更喜欢私下交流，请通过Python 科学生态系统是 LIGO 研究的关键基础设施。
+ +
+
+The logo is a modern take on the old one, with a cleaner design. Thanks to Isabela Presedo-Floyd for designing the new logo, as well as to Travis Vaught for the old logo that served us well for 15+ years.
+
+
+### NumPy 1.19.0 release
+
+_Jun 20, 2020_ -- NumPy 1.19.0 is now available. This is the first release without Python 2 support, hence it was a "clean-up release". The minimum supported Python version is now Python 3.6. An important new feature is that the random number generation infrastructure that was introduced in NumPy 1.17.0 is now accessible from Cython.
+
+
+### Season of Docs acceptance
+
+_May 11, 2020_ -- NumPy has been accepted as one of the mentor organizations for the Google Season of Docs program. We are excited about the opportunity to work with a technical writer to improve NumPy's documentation once again! For more details, please see [the official Season of Docs site](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) and our [ideas page](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/wiki/Google-Season-of-Docs-2020-Project-Ideas).
+
+
+### NumPy 1.18.0 release
+
+_Dec 22, 2019_ -- NumPy 1.18.0 is now available. After the major changes in 1.17.0, this is a consolidation release. It is the last minor release that will support Python 3.5. Highlights of the release includes the addition of basic infrastructure for linking with 64-bit BLAS and LAPACK libraries, and a new C-API for `numpy.random`.
+
+Please see the [release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0) for more details.
+
+
+### NumPy receives a grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
+
+_Nov 15, 2019_ -- We are pleased to announce that NumPy and OpenBLAS, one of NumPy's key dependencies, have received a joint grant for $195,000 from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative through their [Essential Open Source Software for Science program](https://chanzuckerberg.com/eoss/) that supports software maintenance, growth, development, and community engagement for open source tools critical to science.
+
+This grant will be used to ramp up the efforts in improving NumPy documentation, website redesign, and community development to better serve our large and rapidly growing user base, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. While the OpenBLAS team will focus on addressing sets of key technical issues, in particular thread-safety, AVX-512, and thread-local storage (TLS) issues, as well as algorithmic improvements in ReLAPACK (Recursive LAPACK) on which OpenBLAS depends.
+
+More details on our proposed initiatives and deliverables can be found in the [full grant proposal](https://figshare.com/articles/Proposal_NumPy_OpenBLAS_for_Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative_EOSS_2019_round_1/10302167). The work is scheduled to start on Dec 1st, 2019 and continue for the next 12 months.
+
+
+## 版本发布
+
+Here is a list of NumPy releases, with links to release notes. Bugfix releases (only the `z` changes in the `x.y.z` version number) have no new features; minor releases (the `y` increases) do.
+
+- NumPy 1.22.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.22.0)) -- _31 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.5)) -- _19 Dec 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.21.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.21.0)) -- _22 Jun 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.3 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.3)) -- _10 May 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.20.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.20.0)) -- _30 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.5)) -- _5 Jan 2021_.
+- NumPy 1.19.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.19.0)) -- _20 Jun 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.4 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.4)) -- _3 May 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.17.5 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.5)) -- _1 Jan 2020_.
+- NumPy 1.18.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.18.0)) -- _22 Dec 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.17.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.17.0)) -- _26 Jul 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.16.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.16.0)) -- _14 Jan 2019_.
+- NumPy 1.15.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.15.0)) -- _23 Jul 2018_.
+- NumPy 1.14.0 ([release notes](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/releases/tag/v1.14.0)) -- _7 Jan 2018_.
diff --git a/content/zh/press-kit.md b/content/zh/press-kit.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d95ce2760e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/press-kit.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 宣传材料
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+我们希望能让您在下一篇学术论文、课程材料或演示文稿中轻松地加入NumPy项目标识。
+
+You will find several high-resolution versions of the NumPy logo [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/tree/main/branding/logo). 注意，使用 numpy.org 资源意味着你接受 [NumPy 行为准则](/code-of-conduct)。
diff --git a/content/zh/privacy.md b/content/zh/privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef0dfe8c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+title: 隐私政策
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**numpy.org** 由NumPy 项目的财政赞助者 [NumFOCUS, Inc.](https://numfocus.org)运营。 关于本网站的隐私政策，请访问 https://numfocus.org/privacy-policy。
+
+如果您对隐私政策或NumFOCUS的数据收集、使用和披露做法有任何疑问，请通过privacy@numfocus.org联系NumFOCUS工作人员。
diff --git a/content/zh/report-handling-manual.md b/content/zh/report-handling-manual.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a86407d368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/report-handling-manual.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+title: Numpy行为准则应知应会
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+这是NumPy行为准则委员会的指导手册。 它保证我们对问题做出一致且公正的回应。
+
+[行为守则](/code-of-conduct) 的执行影响到我们的社区现在和未来。 我们很重视它。 在审查执行措施时，行为准则委员会将牢记以下价值观和准则：
+
+* 人性化方式运作而非不近人情。 委员会会让各方了解情况，同时尊重举报者的隐私和任何必要的保密性。 然而，仍然存在着这种情况。 有时有必要与一个或多个人直接沟通：委员会的目标是改善我们社区的健康状况，而不仅仅是作出正式决定。
+* 强调对个人遭遇的同情，而不是一味批评行为，避免出现“好”和“坏/邪恶”的二元对立标签。 我们将坚定地处理公开、明显的挑衅和骚扰问题。 但许多可能被证明具有挑战性的情形是有些正常的分歧会转化为多方无助或有害的行为。 了解整个背景并找到一条使所有人都能重新参与进来的道路是困难的，但最终对我们社区最有成效。
+* 我们都知道，电子邮件是一个孤立的、沟通困难的媒介。 在没有个人联系方式的情况下收到匿名举报邮件，可能特别令人痛苦。 这使得保持一种尊重他人意见的开放气氛变得特别重要。 这还意味着我们的所有行为必须公开透明。 我们将竭尽全力确保我们所有成员得到公平和同情的待遇。
+* 歧视可能是微妙且不负责任的。 它在一定程度上表现出不公平和敌意的态度，而不是正常的互动。 我们知道这种情况确实发生了，我们将仔细寻找并应对这种情况。 如果你觉得受到了不公平的待遇，我们非常希望听到你们的声音， 我们将利用这些流程确保你的申诉得到关注和处理。
+* 帮助增加良性讨论的实践：想方设法识别出讨论可能已经产生歧义和偏斜的地方。 并提供可实施的信息、方向和资源，以便在这些方面产生积极的影响。
+* 重点关注新成员的需求：向他们提供明确的支持和关心， 目的是增加代表人数不足的群体的参与度。
+* 每个人都拥有不同的文化背景和语言习惯。 尽可能识别对非英文为母语的参与者造成的任何不必要的误解，并帮助他们了解这一问题以及作出哪些改变以避免造成冒犯。 用一门外语进行复杂的讨论可能非常具有威胁性，我们希望在不同民族和不同文化之间扩大我们的多样性。
+
+
+## 调解
+
+自愿非正式调解是一种好的调解方式。 在两个或多个当事方都已升级到不适当行为程度的情况下(可悲的是在人类冲突中很常见)， 促进调解进程可能是有益的。 这只是一个例子：委员会在任何情况下都可以考虑调解。 考虑到这一进程完全是自愿的，任何一方都不能被迫参与。 如果委员会建议进行调解，它应当：
+
+* 找到一个可以担任调解员的候选人。
+* 取得举报者的同意。 举报者完全可以自由地拒绝调解或提出一名候补调解人。
+* 取得被举报人的同意。
+* 调解人的问题：各方可以提出不同于推荐候选人的调解人， 只有就所有条件达成共同协议，该进程才能向前推进。
+* 最好在两周内确定完成调解的时间计划表。
+
+调解人将与所有参与方接触，寻求各方都满意的解决办法。 在调解完成后，调解方将向委员会提交一份书面报告(经调解过程中所有各方审查通过)，并就今后的实施细则提出建议。 然后委员会将评估调解结果(无论是否达成了令人满意的解决方案)，并对必要的额外的调解动作作出决定。
+
+
+## 委员会将如何对举报作出回应
+
+当委员会(或委员会成员) 收到举报时， 他们将首先要确定该报告是否涉及明显和严重的违约行为（定义见下文）。 如果确认属实，需要立即采取行动并启动常规的举报调解流程。
+
+
+## 明确和严重的违约行为
+
+我们知道，互联网通信平台从诞生开始就演变为非常普遍的辱骂恶意中伤的场所。 我们将迅速处理明显和严重的侵权行为，如人身威胁、暴力、性别歧视或种族主义语言。
+
+如果行为守则委员会的一名成员发现明显和严重的违反行为，他们将采取下列行动：
+
+* 立即断开始作俑者与所有NumPy 通信频道的连接。
+* 告知举报者，他们的报告已经收到，被举报人已经断开和Numpy的联系。
+* 在每种情况下，调解人都应作出努力与被举报人联系。 并明确的告诉他们，他们的语言或行动是如何构成“明显和严重的违反行为”的。 调解人还应指出，如果被举报人认为这是不公平的，或者他们想要重新和NumPy取得联系, 他们有权要求行为守则委员会进行下面描述的审查。 调解人应将这一审查结果报送给行为守则委员会。
+* 行为守则委员会将正式审查和签署所有适用这一行为的案件，以确保其不被用来进行普通程度争执的仲裁。
+
+
+## 举报处理
+
+当报告送交委员会时，他们将立即答复报告人以确认收到。 这种答复必须在72小时内完成，委员会会尽最大努力比这更快一些。
+
+如果报告没有提供足够多的资料，委员会将在采取行动之前获得所有相关数据。 委员有权代表指导委员会与任何相关个体联系，以更完整地了解事件的来龙去脉。
+
+委员会随后将审查这一事件，并尽力确定如下事项：
+
+* 发生了什么。
+* 这一事件是否违反《行为守则》。
+* 谁是责任方。
+* 这种情况是否正在发生，而且对个人的人身安全产生了威胁。
+
+这种信息将以书面形式收集，只要有可能，委员会的任何相关动作都将记录并保存(比如聊天记录、电子邮件讨论、会议录音、语音对话总结等)。
+
+必须保留委员会所有活动的档案，以确保行为上的一致性，并为项目提供机构记忆。 为了协助这方面的工作， 本委员会的默认沟通渠道将是一份私人邮件列表，供委员会现有和未来成员以及指导委员会成员在提出正当要求时查阅。 如果委员会认为有必要使用列表外的沟通方式(例如： 早期/快速响应的电话呼叫)，在所有情况下都应该及时将沟通方式收敛到列表中，以便有一个良好的过程记录。
+
+行为守则委员会应争取在两周内商定一项决议。 如果在那个时候无法确定某项决议， 委员会将向报告者提供最新情况和预计的决议时间表。
+
+
+## 解决方案
+
+委员会必须以协商一致方式商定一项决议。 如果该小组在一个多星期内无法达成共识和陷入僵局，该小组将把问题提交给指导委员会解决。
+
+可能的应对措施包括：
+
+* 不采取进一步行动：
+ - 如果确定没有发生侵犯行为；
+ - 如果问题在委员会审议答复时已经公开解决了。
+* 协商自愿调解：如果所有有关各方同意，委员会可促进上面详述的调解进程。
+* 公开提醒并指出某些行为/行动/语言被认为是不恰当的，在目前情况下发生的合理性说明， 或者只能伤害特定人群，要求社区进行自我调整。
+* 委员会对有关个体进行私下训诫。 在这种情况下，小组主席将通过电子邮件向个人发出谴责，并抄送小组成员。
+* 公开谴责。 在这种情况下，委员会主席将在实际可行的限度内在同一地点对侵权行为进行申斥。 例如，在原始邮件列表中进行邮件控诉， 有可能被控诉对象未参与到聊天室的讨论中，虽然可以通过其他方式联系到。 该群组可以选择在别处发布控诉消息作为文档备份。
+* 要求公开或私下道歉， 假定举报者同意这一想法：他们可酌情拒绝与侵权者进一步接触。 委员会主席将传递这一请求。 委员会可按其意愿对这项要求附加“严格”条件：该群组可能要求侵权者道歉，以便在邮件列表中保留一个会员资格。
+* 委员会要求个人暂时停止社区参与的“相互商定的间歇”。 如果个人选择不自愿暂停，委员会可发布“强制性冷却期”。
+* 永远或暂时禁止参与NumPy （如邮件列表、gitter.im等等）。 工作组将保存所有这类禁令的记录，以便今后对其进行审查或备案。
+
+一旦商定了一项决议，在该决议颁布之前， 委员会将与原报告人和任何其他受影响的各方进行联系，并解释拟议的决议。 委员会将询问这项决议是否可以接受，并且必须将反馈意见记录在案。
+
+最后，委员会将向NumPy指导委员会进行汇报（也将向NumPy核心小组以诸如禁令的例行事件形式汇报）。
+
+委员会绝不公开讨论这个问题。 所有公开声明将由行为守则委员会主席或NumPy指导委员会作出。
+
+
+## 利益冲突
+
+如果出现利益冲突，委员会成员必须立即通知其他成员，必要时需要回避。
diff --git a/content/zh/tabcontents.yaml b/content/zh/tabcontents.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3406a94d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/tabcontents.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+---
+machinelearning:
+ paras:
+ -
+ para1: NumPy 是诸如 [scikit-learn](https://sikit-learn)和[SciPy](https://www.scipy.org)等强大的机器学习库的基础。随着机器学习的增长，函式库列表也在成长。 [TensorFlow's](https://www.tensorflow.org) 深度学习能力有广泛的应用程序 — ，其中包括语音和图像识别、基于文本的应用、时间序列分析和视频检测。 [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org)是另一个深层学习图书馆，在计算机视力和自然语言处理的研究人员中很受欢迎。 [MXNet](https://github.com/apache/incubator-mxnet) 是另一个 AI 包，提供了深入学习的蓝图和模板。
+ para2: Statistical techniques called [ensemble](https://towardsdatascience.com/ensemble-methods-bagging-boosting-and-stacking-c9214a10a205) methods such as binning, bagging, stacking, and boosting are among the ML algorithms implemented by tools such as [XGBoost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost), [LightGBM](https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), and [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai) — one of the fastest inference engines. [Yellowbrick](https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/) and [Eli5](https://eli5.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) offer machine learning visualizations.
+arraylibraries:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: NumPy's API is the starting point when libraries are written to exploit innovative hardware, create specialized array types, or add capabilities beyond what NumPy provides.
+ headers:
+ -
+ text: Array Library
+ -
+ text: Capabilities & Application areas
+ libraries:
+ -
+ title: Dask
+ text: Distributed arrays and advanced parallelism for analytics, enabling performance at scale.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/dask.png
+ alttext: Dask
+ url: https://dask.org/
+ -
+ title: CuPy
+ text: NumPy-compatible array library for GPU-accelerated computing with Python.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/cupy.png
+ alttext: CuPy
+ url: https://cupy.chainer.org
+ -
+ title: JAX
+ text: "Composable transformations of NumPy programs: differentiate, vectorize, just-in-time compilation to GPU/TPU."
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/jax_logo_250px.png
+ alttext: JAX
+ url: https://github.com/google/jax
+ -
+ title: Xarray
+ text: Labeled, indexed multi-dimensional arrays for advanced analytics and visualization
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xarray.png
+ alttext: xarray
+ url: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/index.html
+ -
+ title: Sparse
+ text: NumPy-compatible sparse array library that integrates with Dask and SciPy's sparse linear algebra.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/sparse.png
+ alttext: sparse
+ url: https://sparse.pydata.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: PyTorch
+ text: Deep learning framework that accelerates the path from research prototyping to production deployment.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/pytorch-logo-dark.svg
+ alttext: PyTorch
+ url: https://pytorch.org/
+ -
+ title: TensorFlow
+ text: An end-to-end platform for machine learning to easily build and deploy ML powered applications.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorflow-logo.svg
+ alttext: TensorFlow
+ url: https://www.tensorflow.org
+ -
+ title: MXNet
+ text: Deep learning framework suited for flexible research prototyping and production.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/mxnet_logo.png
+ alttext: MXNet
+ url: https://mxnet.apache.org/
+ -
+ title: Arrow
+ text: A cross-language development platform for columnar in-memory data and analytics.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/arrow.png
+ alttext: arrow
+ url: https://github.com/apache/arrow
+ -
+ title: xtensor
+ text: Multi-dimensional arrays with broadcasting and lazy computing for numerical analysis.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xtensor.png
+ alttext: xtensor
+ url: https://github.com/xtensor-stack/xtensor-python
+ -
+ title: XND
+ text: Develop libraries for array computing, recreating NumPy's foundational concepts.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/xnd.png
+ alttext: xnd
+ url: https://xnd.io
+ -
+ title: uarray
+ text: Python backend system that decouples API from implementation; unumpy provides a NumPy API.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/uarray.png
+ alttext: uarray
+ url: https://uarray.org/en/latest/
+ -
+ title: tensorly
+ text: Tensor learning, algebra and backends to seamlessly use NumPy, MXNet, PyTorch, TensorFlow or CuPy.
+ img: /images/content_images/arlib/tensorly.png
+ alttext: tensorly
+ url: http://tensorly.org/stable/home.html
+scientificdomains:
+ intro:
+ -
+ text: Nearly every scientist working in Python draws on the power of NumPy.
+ -
+ text: "NumPy brings the computational power of languages like C and Fortran to Python, a language much easier to learn and use. With this power comes simplicity: a solution in NumPy is often clear and elegant."
+ librariesrow1:
+ -
+ title: Quantum Computing
+ alttext: A computer chip.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/quantum_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Statistical Computing
+ alttext: A line graph with the line moving up.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/statistical_computing.svg
+ -
+ title: Signal Processing
+ alttext: A bar chart with positive and negative values.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/signal_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Image Processing
+ alttext: An photograph of the mountains.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/image_processing.svg
+ -
+ title: Graphs and Networks
+ alttext: A simple graph.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/sd6.svg
+ -
+ title: Astronomy Processes
+ alttext: A telescope.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/astronomy_processes.svg
+ -
+ title: Cognitive Psychology
+ alttext: A human head with gears.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/cognitive_psychology.svg
+ librariesrow2:
+ -
+ title: Bioinformatics
+ alttext: A strand of DNA.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bioinformatics.svg
+ -
+ title: Bayesian Inference
+ alttext: A graph with a bell-shaped curve.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/bayesian_inference.svg
+ -
+ title: Mathematical Analysis
+ alttext: Four mathematical symbols.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/mathematical_analysis.svg
+ -
+ title: Chemistry
+ alttext: A test tube.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/chemistry.svg
+ -
+ title: Geoscience
+ alttext: The Earth.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/geoscience.svg
+ -
+ title: Geographic Processing
+ alttext: A map.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/GIS.svg
+ -
+ title: Architecture & Engineering
+ alttext: A microprocessor development board.
+ img: /images/content_images/sc_dom_img/robotics.svg
+datascience:
+ intro: "NumPy lies at the core of a rich ecosystem of data science libraries. A typical exploratory data science workflow might look like:"
+ image1:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/ds-landscape.png
+ alttext: Diagram of Python Libraries. The five catagories are 'Extract, Transform, Load', 'Data Exploration', 'Data Modeling', 'Data Evaluation' and 'Data Presentation'.
+ image2:
+ -
+ img: /images/content_images/data-science.png
+ alttext: Diagram of three overlapping circles. The circles are labeled 'Mathematics', 'Computer Science' and 'Domain Expertise'. In the middle of the diagram, which has the three circles overlapping it, is an area labeled 'Data Science'.
+ examples:
+ -
+ text: "Extract, Transform, Load: [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org), [Intake](https://intake.readthedocs.io), [PyJanitor](https://pyjanitor.readthedocs.io/)"
+ -
+ text: "Exploratory analysis: [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Model and evaluate: [scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org), [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/index.html), [PyMC3](https://docs.pymc.io), [spaCy](https://spacy.io)"
+ -
+ text: "Report in a dashboard: [Dash](https://plotly.com/dash), [Panel](https://panel.holoviz.org), [Voila](https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila)"
+ content:
+ -
+ text: For high data volumes, [Dask](https://dask.org) and [Ray](https://ray.io/) are designed to scale. Stable deployments rely on data versioning ([DVC](https://dvc.org)), experiment tracking ([MLFlow](https://mlflow.org)), and workflow automation ([Airflow](https://airflow.apache.org) and [Prefect](https://www.prefect.io)).
+visualization:
+ images:
+ -
+ url: https://www.fusioncharts.com/blog/best-python-data-visualization-libraries
+ img: /images/content_images/v_matplotlib.png
+ alttext: A streamplot made in matplotlib
+ -
+ url: https://github.com/yhat/ggpy
+ img: /images/content_images/v_ggpy.png
+ alttext: A scatter-plot graph made in ggpy
+ -
+ url: https://www.journaldev.com/19692/python-plotly-tutorial
+ img: /images/content_images/v_plotly.png
+ alttext: A box-plot made in plotly
+ -
+ url: https://altair-viz.github.io/gallery/streamgraph.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_altair.png
+ alttext: A streamgraph made in altair
+ -
+ url: https://seaborn.pydata.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_seaborn.png
+ alttext: A pairplot of two types of graph, a plot-graph and a frequency graph made in seaborn"
+ -
+ url: https://docs.pyvista.org/examples/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_pyvista.png
+ alttext: A 3D volume rendering made in PyVista.
+ -
+ url: https://napari.org
+ img: /images/content_images/v_napari.png
+ alttext: A multi-dimensionan image made in napari.
+ -
+ url: https://vispy.org/gallery/index.html
+ img: /images/content_images/v_vispy.png
+ alttext: A Voronoi diagram made in vispy.
+ content:
+ -
+ text: NumPy is an essential component in the burgeoning [Python visualization landscape](https://pyviz.org/overviews/index.html), which includes [Matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org), [Seaborn](https://seaborn.pydata.org), [Plotly](https://plot.ly), [Altair](https://altair-viz.github.io), [Bokeh](https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/), [Holoviz](https://holoviz.org), [Vispy](http://vispy.org), [Napari](https://github.com/napari/napari), and [PyVista](https://github.com/pyvista/pyvista), to name a few.
+ -
+ text: NumPy's accelerated processing of large arrays allows researchers to visualize datasets far larger than native Python could handle.
diff --git a/content/zh/teams.md b/content/zh/teams.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c24455d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/teams.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+title: NumPy Teams
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+We are an international team on a mission to support scientific and research communities worldwide by building quality, open-source software. [Join us]({{< relref "/contribute" >}})!
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/maintainers.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/web-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/triage-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/survey-team.html" >}}
+
+{{< include-html "static/gallery/emeritus-maintainers.html" >}}
+
+# Governance
+
+For the list of people on the Steering Council, please see [here](https://numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/people.html).
diff --git a/content/zh/terms.md b/content/zh/terms.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a66045505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/terms.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+---
+title: Terms of Use
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+*Last updated January 4, 2020*
+
+
+## AGREEMENT TO TERMS
+
+These Terms of Use constitute a legally binding agreement made between you, whether personally or on behalf of an entity (“you”) and NumPy ("**Project**", “**we**”, “**us**”, or “**our**”), concerning your access to and use of the numpy.org website as well as any other media form, media channel, mobile website or mobile application related, linked, or otherwise connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”). You agree that by accessing the Site, you have read, understood, and agreed to be bound by all of these Terms of Use. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ALL OF THESE TERMS OF USE, THEN YOU ARE EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED FROM USING THE SITE AND YOU MUST DISCONTINUE USE IMMEDIATELY.
+
+
+
+Supplemental terms and conditions or documents that may be posted on the Site from time to time are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to make changes or modifications to these Terms of Use at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last updated” date of these Terms of Use, and you waive any right to receive specific notice of each such change. It is your responsibility to periodically review these Terms of Use to stay informed of updates. You will be subject to, and will be deemed to have been made aware of and to have accepted, the changes in any revised Terms of Use by your continued use of the Site after the date such revised Terms of Use are posted.
+
+
+
+The information provided on the Site is not intended for distribution to or use by any person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject us to any registration requirement within such jurisdiction or country. Accordingly, those persons who choose to access the Site from other locations do so on their own initiative and are solely responsible for compliance with local laws, if and to the extent local laws are applicable.
+
+
+## USER REPRESENTATIONS
+
+By using the Site, you represent and warrant that: (1) you have the legal capacity and you agree to comply with these Terms of Use; (2) you will not use the Site for any illegal or unauthorized purpose; and (3) your use of the Site will not violate any applicable law or regulation.
+
+
+If you provide any information that is untrue, inaccurate, not current, or incomplete, we have the right to refuse any and all current or future use of the Site (or any portion thereof).
+
+
+## PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
+
+You may not access or use the Site for any purpose other than that for which we make the Site available.
+
+As a user of the Site, you agree not to:
+
+1. Systematically retrieve data or other content from the Site to create or compile, directly or indirectly, a collection, compilation, database, or directory without written permission from us.
+
+2. Make any unauthorized use of the Site, including collecting usernames and/or email addresses of users by electronic or other means for the purpose of sending unsolicited email, or creating user accounts by automated means or under false pretenses.
+
+3. Use the Site to advertise or offer to sell goods and services.
+
+4. Circumvent, disable, or otherwise interfere with security-related features of the Site.
+
+5. Engage in unauthorized framing of or linking to the Site.
+
+6. Trick, defraud, or mislead us and other users, especially in any attempt to learn sensitive account information such as user passwords.
+
+7. Make improper use of our support services or submit false reports of abuse or misconduct.
+
+8. Engage in any automated use of the system, such as using scripts to send comments or messages, or using any data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools.
+
+9. Interfere with, disrupt, or create an undue burden on the Site or the networks or services connected to the Site.
+
+10. Attempt to impersonate another user or person or use the username of another user.
+
+11. Use any information obtained from the Site in order to harass, abuse, or harm another person.
+
+12. Disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site.
+
+13. Except as may be the result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage, use, launch, develop, or distribute any automated system, including without limitation, any spider, robot, cheat utility, scraper, or offline reader that accesses the Site, or using or launching any unauthorized script or other software.
+
+14. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) any material that acts as a passive or active information collection or transmission mechanism, including without limitation, clear graphics interchange formats (“gifs”), 1×1 pixels, web bugs, cookies, or other similar devices (sometimes referred to as “spyware” or “passive collection mechanisms” or “pcms”).
+
+15. Upload or transmit (or attempt to upload or to transmit) viruses, Trojan horses, or other material, including excessive use of capital letters and spamming (continuous posting of repetitive text), that interferes with any party’s uninterrupted use and enjoyment of the Site or modifies, impairs, disrupts, alters, or interferes with the use, features, functions, operation, or maintenance of the Site.
+
+16. Harass, annoy, intimidate, or threaten any of our employees or agents engaged in providing any portion of the Site to you.
+
+17. Attempt to bypass any measures of the Site designed to prevent or restrict access to the Site, or any portion of the Site.
+
+
+## SUBMISSIONS
+
+You acknowledge and agree that any questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, feedback, or other information regarding the Site ("Submissions") provided by you to us are non-confidential and shall become our sole property. We shall own exclusive rights, including all intellectual property rights, and shall be entitled to the unrestricted use and dissemination of these Submissions for any lawful purpose, commercial or otherwise, without acknowledgment or compensation to you. You hereby waive all moral rights to any such Submissions, and you hereby warrant that any such Submissions are original with you or that you have the right to submit such Submissions. You agree there shall be no recourse against us for any alleged or actual infringement or misappropriation of any proprietary right in your Submissions.
+
+## THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES AND CONTENT
+
+The Site may contain (or you may be sent via the Site) links to other websites ("Third-Party Websites") as well as articles, photographs, text, graphics, pictures, designs, music, sound, video, information, applications, software, and other content or items belonging to or originating from third parties ("Third-Party Content"). Such Third-Party Websites and Third-Party Content are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, appropriateness, or completeness by us, and we are not responsible for any Third-Party Websites accessed through the Site or any Third-Party Content posted on, available through, or installed from the Site, including the content, accuracy, offensiveness, opinions, reliability, privacy practices, or other policies of or contained in the Third-Party Websites or the Third-Party Content. Inclusion of, linking to, or permitting the use or installation of any Third-Party Websites or any Third-Party Content does not imply approval or endorsement thereof by us. If you decide to leave the Site and access the Third-Party Websites or to use or install any Third-Party Content, you do so at your own risk, and you should be aware these Terms of Use no longer govern. You should review the applicable terms and policies, including privacy and data gathering practices, of any website to which you navigate from the Site or relating to any applications you use or install from the Site. Any purchases you make through Third-Party Websites will be through other websites and from other companies, and we take no responsibility whatsoever in relation to such purchases which are exclusively between you and the applicable third party. You agree and acknowledge that we do not endorse the products or services offered on Third-Party Websites and you shall hold us harmless from any harm caused by your purchase of such products or services. Additionally, you shall hold us harmless from any losses sustained by you or harm caused to you relating to or resulting in any way from any Third-Party Content or any contact with Third-Party Websites.
+
+
+## SITE MANAGEMENT
+
+We reserve the right, but not the obligation, to: (1) monitor the Site for violations of these Terms of Use; (2) take appropriate legal action against anyone who, in our sole discretion, violates the law or these Terms of Use, including without limitation, reporting such user to law enforcement authorities; (3) in our sole discretion and without limitation, refuse, restrict access to, limit the availability of, or disable (to the extent technologically feasible) any of your Contributions or any portion thereof; (4) in our sole discretion and without limitation, notice, or liability, to remove from the Site or otherwise disable all files and content that are excessive in size or are in any way burdensome to our systems; and (5) otherwise manage the Site in a manner designed to protect our rights and property and to facilitate the proper functioning of the Site.
+
+
+## PRIVACY POLICY
+
+We care about data privacy and security. Please review our [Privacy Policy](/privacy). By using the Site, you agree to be bound by our Privacy Policy, which is incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please be advised the Site is hosted in the United States. If you access the Site from the European Union, Asia, or any other region of the world with laws or other requirements governing personal data collection, use, or disclosure that differ from applicable laws in the United States, then through your continued use of the Site, you are transferring your data to the United States, and you expressly consent to have your data transferred to and processed in the United States. Further, we do not knowingly accept, request, or solicit information from children or knowingly market to children. Therefore, in accordance with the U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, if we receive actual knowledge that anyone under the age of 13 has provided personal information to us without the requisite and verifiable parental consent, we will delete that information from the Site as quickly as is reasonably practical.
+
+## TERM AND TERMINATION
+
+These Terms of Use shall remain in full force and effect while you use the Site. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THESE TERMS OF USE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION AND WITHOUT NOTICE OR LIABILITY, DENY ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE (INCLUDING BLOCKING CERTAIN IP ADDRESSES), TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY REASON OR FOR NO REASON, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION FOR BREACH OF ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR COVENANT CONTAINED IN THESE TERMS OF USE OR OF ANY APPLICABLE LAW OR REGULATION. WE MAY TERMINATE YOUR USE OR PARTICIPATION IN THE SITE OR DELETE ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION THAT YOU POSTED AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT WARNING, IN OUR SOLE DISCRETION.
+
+
+## MODIFICATIONS AND INTERRUPTIONS
+
+We reserve the right to change, modify, or remove the contents of the Site at any time or for any reason at our sole discretion without notice. However, we have no obligation to update any information on our Site. We also reserve the right to modify or discontinue all or part of the Site without notice at any time. We will not be liable to you or any third party for any modification, suspension, or discontinuance of the Site.
+
+We cannot guarantee the Site will be available at all times. We may experience hardware, software, or other problems or need to perform maintenance related to the Site, resulting in interruptions, delays, or errors. We reserve the right to change, revise, update, suspend, discontinue, or otherwise modify the Site at any time or for any reason without notice to you. You agree that we have no liability whatsoever for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused by your inability to access or use the Site during any downtime or discontinuance of the Site. Nothing in these Terms of Use will be construed to obligate us to maintain and support the Site or to supply any corrections, updates, or releases in connection therewith.
+
+
+## GOVERNING LAW
+
+These Terms of Use and your use of the Site are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements made and to be entirely performed within the State of Texas, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
+
+
+## DISPUTE RESOLUTION
+
+### Informal Negotiations
+
+To expedite resolution and control the cost of any dispute, controversy, or claim related to these Terms of Use (each a "Dispute" and collectively, the “Disputes”) brought by either you or us (individually, a “Party” and collectively, the “Parties”), the Parties agree to first attempt to negotiate any Dispute (except those Disputes expressly provided below) informally for at least thirty (30) days before initiating arbitration. Such informal negotiations commence upon written notice from one Party to the other Party.
+
+
+### Binding Arbitration
+
+If the Parties are unable to resolve a Dispute through informal negotiations, the Dispute (except those Disputes expressly excluded below) will be finally and exclusively resolved by binding arbitration. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT WITHOUT THIS PROVISION, YOU WOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE IN COURT AND HAVE A JURY TRIAL. The arbitration shall be commenced and conducted under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") and, where appropriate, the AAA’s Supplementary Procedures for Consumer Related Disputes ("AAA Consumer Rules"), both of which are available at the AAA website www.adr.org. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the AAA Consumer Rules and, where appropriate, limited by the AAA Consumer Rules. If such costs are determined to by the arbitrator to be excessive, we will pay all arbitration fees and expenses. The arbitration may be conducted in person, through the submission of documents, by phone, or online. The arbitrator will make a decision in writing, but need not provide a statement of reasons unless requested by either Party. The arbitrator must follow applicable law, and any award may be challenged if the arbitrator fails to do so. Except where otherwise required by the applicable AAA rules or applicable law, the arbitration will take place in Travis County, Texas. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Parties may litigate in court to compel arbitration, stay proceedings pending arbitration, or to confirm, modify, vacate, or enter judgment on the award entered by the arbitrator.
+
+If for any reason, a Dispute proceeds in court rather than arbitration, the Dispute shall be commenced or prosecuted in the state and federal courts located in Travis County, Texas, and the Parties hereby consent to, and waive all defenses of lack of personal jurisdiction, and forum non conveniens with respect to venue and jurisdiction in such state and federal courts. Application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the the Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA) are excluded from these Terms of Use.
+
+In no event shall any Dispute brought by either Party related in any way to the Site be commenced more than one (1) years after the cause of action arose. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+### Restrictions
+
+The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be limited to the Dispute between the Parties individually. To the full extent permitted by law, (a) no arbitration shall be joined with any other proceeding; (b) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be arbitrated on a class-action basis or to utilize class action procedures; and (c) there is no right or authority for any Dispute to be brought in a purported representative capacity on behalf of the general public or any other persons.
+
+
+### Exceptions to Informal Negotiations and Arbitration
+
+The Parties agree that the following Disputes are not subject to the above provisions concerning informal negotiations and binding arbitration: (a) any Disputes seeking to enforce or protect, or concerning the validity of, any of the intellectual property rights of a Party; (b) any Dispute related to, or arising from, allegations of theft, piracy, invasion of privacy, or unauthorized use; and (c) any claim for injunctive relief. If this provision is found to be illegal or unenforceable, then neither Party will elect to arbitrate any Dispute falling within that portion of this provision found to be illegal or unenforceable and such Dispute shall be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction within the courts listed for jurisdiction above, and the Parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of that court.
+
+
+## CORRECTIONS
+
+There may be information on the Site that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies, or omissions and to change or update the information on the Site at any time, without prior notice.
+
+
+## DISCLAIMER
+
+THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE BASIS. YOU AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR SERVICES WILL BE AT YOUR SOLE RISK. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN CONNECTION WITH THE SITE AND YOUR USE THEREOF, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SITE’S CONTENT OR THE CONTENT OF ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO THE SITE AND WE WILL ASSUME NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY (1) ERRORS, MISTAKES, OR INACCURACIES OF CONTENT AND MATERIALS, (2) PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE, OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, RESULTING FROM YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE SITE, (3) ANY UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF OUR SECURE SERVERS AND/OR ANY AND ALL PERSONAL INFORMATION AND/OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION STORED THEREIN, (4) ANY INTERRUPTION OR CESSATION OF TRANSMISSION TO OR FROM THE SITE, (5) ANY BUGS, VIRUSES, TROJAN HORSES, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED TO OR THROUGH THE SITE BY ANY THIRD PARTY, AND/OR (6) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT AND MATERIALS OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF ANY CONTENT POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SITE. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE ADVERTISED OR OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY THROUGH THE SITE, ANY HYPERLINKED WEBSITE, OR ANY WEBSITE OR MOBILE APPLICATION FEATURED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING, AND WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND ANY THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. AS WITH THE PURCHASE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE THROUGH ANY MEDIUM OR IN ANY ENVIRONMENT, YOU SHOULD USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND EXERCISE CAUTION WHERE APPROPRIATE.
+
+
+## LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
+
+IN NO EVENT WILL WE OR OUR DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFIT, LOST REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF THE SITE, EVEN IF WE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED HEREIN, OUR LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION, WILL AT ALL TIMES BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO US DURING THE SIX (6) MONTH PERIOD PRIOR TO ANY CAUSE OF ACTION ARISING. CERTAIN STATE LAWS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES. IF THESE LAWS APPLY TO YOU, SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE DISCLAIMERS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU, AND YOU MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL RIGHTS.
+
+
+## INDEMNIFICATION
+
+You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold us harmless, including our subsidiaries, affiliates, and all of our respective officers, agents, partners, and employees, from and against any loss, damage, liability, claim, or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, made by any third party due to or arising out of: (1) use of the Site; (2) breach of these Terms of Use; (3) any breach of your representations and warranties set forth in these Terms of Use; (4) your violation of the rights of a third party, including but not limited to intellectual property rights; or (5) any overt harmful act toward any other user of the Site with whom you connected via the Site. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we reserve the right, at your expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter for which you are required to indemnify us, and you agree to cooperate, at your expense, with our defense of such claims. We will use reasonable efforts to notify you of any such claim, action, or proceeding which is subject to this indemnification upon becoming aware of it.
+
+
+## USER DATA
+
+We will maintain certain data that you transmit to the Site for the purpose of managing the performance of the Site, as well as data relating to your use of the Site. Although we perform regular routine backups of data, you are solely responsible for all data that you transmit or that relates to any activity you have undertaken using the Site. You agree that we shall have no liability to you for any loss or corruption of any such data, and you hereby waive any right of action against us arising from any such loss or corruption of such data.
+
+
+## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSACTIONS, AND SIGNATURES
+
+Visiting the Site, sending us emails, and completing online forms constitute electronic communications. You consent to receive electronic communications, and you agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications we provide to you electronically, via email and on the Site, satisfy any legal requirement that such communication be in writing. YOU HEREBY AGREE TO THE USE OF ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES, CONTRACTS, ORDERS, AND OTHER RECORDS, AND TO ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF NOTICES, POLICIES, AND RECORDS OF TRANSACTIONS INITIATED OR COMPLETED BY US OR VIA THE SITE. You hereby waive any rights or requirements under any statutes, regulations, rules, ordinances, or other laws in any jurisdiction which require an original signature or delivery or retention of non-electronic records, or to payments or the granting of credits by any means other than electronic means.
+
+
+## CALIFORNIA USERS AND RESIDENTS
+
+If any complaint with us is not satisfactorily resolved, you can contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the California Department of Consumer Affairs in writing at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112, Sacramento, California 95834 or by telephone at (800) 952-5210 or (916) 445-1254.
+
+
+## MISCELLANEOUS
+
+These Terms of Use and any policies or operating rules posted by us on the Site or in respect to the Site constitute the entire agreement and understanding between you and us. Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Use shall not operate as a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Use operate to the fullest extent permissible by law. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations to others at any time. We shall not be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, delay, or failure to act caused by any cause beyond our reasonable control. If any provision or part of a provision of these Terms of Use is determined to be unlawful, void, or unenforceable, that provision or part of the provision is deemed severable from these Terms of Use and does not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. There is no joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship created between you and us as a result of these Terms of Use or use of the Site. You agree that these Terms of Use will not be construed against us by virtue of having drafted them. You hereby waive any and all defenses you may have based on the electronic form of these Terms of Use and the lack of signing by the parties hereto to execute these Terms of Use.
+
+## CONTACT US
+
+In order to resolve a complaint regarding the Site or to receive further information regarding use of the Site, please contact us at:
+
+NumFOCUS, Inc. P.O. Box 90596 Austin, TX, USA 78709 info@numfocus.org +1 (512) 222-5449
+
+
+
diff --git a/content/zh/user-survey-2020.md b/content/zh/user-survey-2020.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82bc33417c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/user-survey-2020.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: 2020年NumPy社区调研
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+2020 年，NumPy 调查团队与密歇根大学和马里兰大学联合主办的调查方法学硕士课程的师生合作，进行了第一次官方 NumPy 社区调查。 来自 75 个国家/地区的 1,200 多名用户参与其中，帮助我们勾勒出一幅 NumPy 社区的全景图，并表达了他们对项目未来的看法。
+
+{{< figure src="/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report_cover.png" class="fig-left" alt="2020年Numpy用户调查报告的封面，标题是“NumPy Community Survey 2020 - results” width="250">}}
+
+**[下载报告](/surveys/NumPy_usersurvey_2020_report.pdf)** 以更仔细地查看调查结果。
+
+
+重点部分，请参阅 **[信息图](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/blob/master/images/2020NumPysurveyresults_community_infographic.pdf)**。
+
+准备仔细研究？ 访问 **https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020-details/**。
+
diff --git a/content/zh/user-surveys.md b/content/zh/user-surveys.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89a2aa0460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/zh/user-surveys.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+title: NUMPY USER SURVEYS
+sidebar: false
+---
+
+**2020** The NumPy survey team in partnership with students and faculty from the University of Michigan and the University of Maryland conducted the first official NumPy community survey. Find the survey results [here](https://numpy.org/user-survey-2020/).
+
+**2021** The collected data is currently being analyzed.
+
+If you have any questions or suggestions for the past or future surveys, please open an issue [here](https://github.com/numpy/numpy-surveys/issues).