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<p> <strong>前提准备：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>MATLAB</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h1 id="二-快速入门（二）"><a href="#二-快速入门（二）" class="headerlink" title="二. 快速入门（二）"></a><code>二. 快速入门（二）</code></h1><h2 id="1-文本和字符"><a href="#1-文本和字符" class="headerlink" title="1. 文本和字符"></a>1. 文本和字符</h2><p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212021542.png" alt="image-20220721202119421"></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212021579.png" alt="image-20220721202131456"></p>
<h3 id="字符串数组中的文本"><a href="#字符串数组中的文本" class="headerlink" title="字符串数组中的文本"></a>字符串数组中的文本</h3><p>当您处理文本时，将字符序列括在双引号中。可以将文本赋给变量。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">t = <span class="string">"Hello, world"</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果文本包含双引号，请在定义中使用两个双引号。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">q = <span class="string">"Something ""quoted"" and something else."</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">q = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"Something "</span>quoted<span class="string">" and something else."</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>与所有 MATLAB® 变量一样，<code>t</code> 和 <code>q</code> 为数组。它们的<em>类</em>或数据类型是 <code>string</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">whos t</span><br><span class="line"> Name Size Bytes Class Attributes</span><br><span class="line"> t <span class="number">1</span>x1 <span class="number">174</span> string </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>注意</strong></p>
<p>使用双引号创建字符串数组是在 R2017a 中引入的。如果您使用的是更早期的版本，请创建字符数组。有关详细信息，请参阅<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/learn_matlab/character-strings.html#mw_201815f7-78a4-4c4a-abad-83a238f7136b">字符数组中的数据</a>。</p>
<p>要将文本添加到字符串的末尾，请使用加号运算符 <code>+</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">f = <span class="number">71</span>;</span><br><span class="line">c = (f<span class="number">-32</span>)/<span class="number">1.8</span>;</span><br><span class="line">tempText = <span class="string">"Temperature is "</span> + c + <span class="string">"C"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tempText = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"Temperature is 21.6667C"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>与数值数组类似，字符串数组可以有多个元素。使用 <code>strlength</code> 函数求数组中每个字符串的长度。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A = [<span class="string">"a"</span>,<span class="string">"bb"</span>,<span class="string">"ccc"</span>; <span class="string">"dddd"</span>,<span class="string">"eeeeee"</span>,<span class="string">"fffffff"</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">2</span>×<span class="number">3</span> string array</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"a"</span> <span class="string">"bb"</span> <span class="string">"ccc"</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"dddd"</span> <span class="string">"eeeeee"</span> <span class="string">"fffffff"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">strlength(A)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ans</span> =</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">4</span> <span class="number">6</span> <span class="number">7</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="字符数组中的数据"><a href="#字符数组中的数据" class="headerlink" title="字符数组中的数据"></a>字符数组中的数据</h3><p>有时，字符表示的数据并不对应到文本，例如 DNA 序列。您可以将此类数据存储在数据类型为 <code>char</code> 的字符数组中。字符数组使用单引号。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">seq = <span class="string">'GCTAGAATCC'</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>whos seq</code></p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Name Size Bytes Class Attributes</span><br><span class="line"> seq <span class="number">1</span>x10 <span class="number">20</span> char </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>数组的每个元素都包含单个字符。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">seq(<span class="number">4</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ans</span> = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'A'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用方括号串联字符数组，就像串联数值数组一样。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">seq2 = [seq <span class="string">'ATTAGAAACC'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">seq2 =</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">'GCTAGAATCCATTAGAAACC'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在字符串数组引入之前编写的程序中，字符数组很常见。接受 <code>string</code> 数据的所有 MATLAB 函数都能接受 <code>char</code> 数据，反之亦然。</p>
<h2 id="2-调用函数"><a href="#2-调用函数" class="headerlink" title="2. 调用函数"></a>2. 调用函数</h2><p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212027231.png" alt="image-20220721202728086"></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212027400.png" alt="image-20220721202749263"></p>
<p> MATLAB® 提供了大量执行计算任务的函数。在其他编程语言中，函数等同于<em>子例程</em>或<em>方法</em>。</p>
<p>要调用函数，例如 <code>max</code>，请将其输入参数括在圆括号中：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A = [<span class="number">1</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="number">5</span>];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">max</span>(A)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ans</span> = <span class="number">5</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果存在多个输入参数，请使用逗号加以分隔：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">B = [<span class="number">3</span> <span class="number">6</span> <span class="number">9</span>];</span><br><span class="line">union(A,B)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ans</span> = <span class="number">1</span>×<span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="number">5</span> <span class="number">6</span> <span class="number">9</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>通过将函数赋值给变量，返回该函数的输出：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">maxA = <span class="built_in">max</span>(A)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">maxA = <span class="number">5</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果存在多个输出参数，请将其括在方括号中：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[minA,maxA] = bounds(A)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">minA = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">maxA = <span class="number">5</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>用引号将任何文本输入括起来：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">disp</span>(<span class="string">"hello world"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hello world</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>要调用不需要任何输入且不会返回任何输出的函数，请只键入函数名称：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">clc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>clc</code> 函数清空命令行窗口。</p>
<h2 id="3-二维图和三维图"><a href="#3-二维图和三维图" class="headerlink" title="3. 二维图和三维图"></a>3. 二维图和三维图</h2><h3 id="线图"><a href="#线图" class="headerlink" title="线图"></a>线图</h3><p>要创建二维线图，请使用 <code>plot</code> 函数。例如，绘制在从 0 到 2<em>π</em> 的值组成的线性间距向量上的正弦函数：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = <span class="built_in">linspace</span>(<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">2</span>*<span class="built_in">pi</span>);</span><br><span class="line">y = <span class="built_in">sin</span>(x);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">plot</span>(x,y)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212029646.png" alt="Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line."></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212036329.png"></p>
<p>可以标记轴并添加标题。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">xlabel(<span class="string">"x"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">ylabel(<span class="string">"sin(x)"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">title(<span class="string">"Plot of the Sine Function"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212029601.png" alt="Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Plot of the Sine Function contains an object of type line."></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212036871.png" alt="image-20220721203513898"></p>
<p>通过向 <code>plot</code> 函数添加第三个输入参数，您可以使用红色虚线绘制相同的变量。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">plot</span>(x,y,<span class="string">"r--"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212028395.png" alt="Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line."></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212035090.png" alt="image-20220721203556972"></p>
<p><code>"r--"</code> 为<em>线条设定</em>。每个设定可包含表示线条颜色、样式和标记的字符。标记是在绘制的每个数据点上显示的符号，例如，<code>+</code>、<code>o</code> 或 <code>*</code>。例如，<code>g:*"</code> 请求绘制使用 <code>*</code> 标记的绿色点线。</p>
<p>请注意，为第一幅绘图定义的标题和标签不再被用于当前的图窗窗口中。默认情况下，每次调用绘图函数、重置坐标区及其他元素以准备新绘图时，MATLAB® 都会清空图窗。</p>
<p>要将绘图添加到现有图窗中，请使用 <code>hold on</code>。在使用 <code>hold off</code> 或关闭窗口之前，当前图窗窗口中会显示所有绘图。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = <span class="built_in">linspace</span>(<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">2</span>*<span class="built_in">pi</span>);</span><br><span class="line">y = <span class="built_in">sin</span>(x);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">plot</span>(x,y)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">hold</span> on</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">y2 = <span class="built_in">cos</span>(x);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">plot</span>(x,y2,<span class="string">":"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">legend</span>(<span class="string">"sin"</span>,<span class="string">"cos"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">hold</span> off</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212029772.png" alt="Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent sin, cos."></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212040519.png" alt="image-20220721204055402"></p>
<h3 id="三维绘图"><a href="#三维绘图" class="headerlink" title="三维绘图"></a>三维绘图</h3><p>三维图通常显示一个由带两个变量的函数 <em>z</em>=<em>f</em>(<em>x</em>,<em>y</em>) 定义的曲面图。例如，对于给定的行向量和列向量 <code>x</code> 和 <code>y</code>，每个向量包含 [-2,2] 范围内的 20 个点，计算 <em>z</em>=<em>x**e</em>−<em>x</em>2−<em>y</em>2 。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = <span class="built_in">linspace</span>(<span class="number">-2</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">20</span>);</span><br><span class="line">y = x';</span><br><span class="line">z = x .* <span class="built_in">exp</span>(-x.^<span class="number">2</span> - y.^<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后，创建曲面图。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">surf(x,y,z)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212028390.png" alt="Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type surface."></p>
<p><code>surf</code> 函数及其伴随函数 <code>mesh</code> 以三维形式显示曲面图。<code>surf</code> 使用颜色显示曲面图的连接线和面。<code>mesh</code> 生成仅以颜色标记连接线条的线框曲面图。</p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212041892.png" alt="image-20220721204142769"></p>
<h3 id="多个绘图"><a href="#多个绘图" class="headerlink" title="多个绘图"></a>多个绘图</h3><p>您可以使用 <code>tiledlayout</code> 或 <code>subplot</code> 在同一窗口的不同部分显示多个绘图。</p>
<p><code>tiledlayout</code> 函数是在 R2019b 中引入的，该函数比 <code>subplot</code> 提供更多对标签和间距的控制。例如，在图窗窗口中创建 2×2 布局。然后，每当您要某个绘图出现在下一区域中时，请调用 <code>nexttile</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">t = tiledlayout(2,2);</span><br><span class="line">title(t,"Trigonometric Functions")</span><br><span class="line">x = linspace(0,30);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">nexttile</span><br><span class="line">plot(x,sin(x))</span><br><span class="line">title("Sine")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">nexttile</span><br><span class="line">plot(x,cos(x))</span><br><span class="line">title("Cosine")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">nexttile</span><br><span class="line">plot(x,tan(x))</span><br><span class="line">title("Tangent")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">nexttile</span><br><span class="line">plot(x,sec(x))</span><br><span class="line">title("Secant")</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212028382.png" alt="Figure contains 4 axes objects. Axes object 1 with title Sine contains an object of type line. Axes object 2 with title Cosine contains an object of type line. Axes object 3 with title Tangent contains an object of type line. Axes object 4 with title Secant contains an object of type line."></p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212039757.png" alt="image-20220721203917634"></p>
<h2 id="4-编程和脚本"><a href="#4-编程和脚本" class="headerlink" title="4. 编程和脚本"></a>4. 编程和脚本</h2><p><em>脚本</em>是最简单的一种 MATLAB® 程序。脚本是一个包含多行连续的 MATLAB 命令和函数调用的文件。在命令行中键入脚本名称即可运行该脚本。</p>
<h3 id="脚本"><a href="#脚本" class="headerlink" title="脚本"></a>脚本</h3><p>要创建脚本，请使用 <code>edit</code> 命令。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">edit mysphere</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>该命令会打开一个名为 <code>mysphere.m</code> 的空白文件。输入代码，以创建一个单位球、将半径加倍并绘制结果图：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[x,y,z] = sphere; </span><br><span class="line">r = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">surf(x*r,y*r,z*r)</span><br><span class="line">axis equal</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>接下来，添加代码以计算球的表面积和体积：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">A = <span class="number">4</span>*<span class="built_in">pi</span>*r^<span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">V = (<span class="number">4</span>/<span class="number">3</span>)*<span class="built_in">pi</span>*r^<span class="number">3</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>编写代码时，最好添加描述代码的注释。注释能够让其他人员理解您的代码，并且有助于您在稍后返回代码时再度记起。使用百分比 (<code>%</code>) 符号添加注释。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">% Create and plot a sphere with radius r.</span></span><br><span class="line">[x,y,z] = sphere; <span class="comment">% Create a unit sphere.</span></span><br><span class="line">r = <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">surf(x*r,y*r,z*r) <span class="comment">% Adjust each dimension and plot.</span></span><br><span class="line">axis equal <span class="comment">% Use the same scale for each axis. </span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">% Find the surface area and volume.</span></span><br><span class="line">A = <span class="number">4</span>*<span class="built_in">pi</span>*r^<span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line">V = (<span class="number">4</span>/<span class="number">3</span>)*<span class="built_in">pi</span>*r^<span class="number">3</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将文件保存在当前文件夹中。要运行脚本，请在命令行中键入脚本名称：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysphere</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>还可以使用编辑器中的<strong>运行</strong>按钮 <img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212048210.png" alt="img"> 运行脚本。</p>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212051420.png" alt="image-20220721205131278"></p>
<h3 id="实时脚本"><a href="#实时脚本" class="headerlink" title="实时脚本"></a>实时脚本</h3><p>您可以使用<em>实时脚本</em>中的格式设置选项来增强代码，而不是以纯文本编写代码和注释。实时脚本有助于您查看代码和输出并与之交互，还可以包含格式化文本、方程和图像。</p>
<p>例如，通过选择<strong>另存为</strong>并将文件类型更改为 MATLAB 实时代码文件 (<code>*.mlx</code>)，将 <code>mysphere</code> 转换为实时脚本。然后，用格式化文本替换代码注释。例如：</p>
<ul>
<li>将注释行转换为文本。选择以百分比符号开头的每一行，然后选择<strong>文本</strong>、<img src="https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/learn_matlab/textbutton.png" alt="img">。删除百分比符号。</li>
<li>重写文本以替换代码行末尾的注释。要将等宽字体应用于文本中的函数名，请选择 <img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212048215.png" alt="M">。要添加方程，请在<strong>插入</strong>选项卡上选择<strong>方程</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212048314.png" alt="Text and font options are in the Text section of the Live Editor tab."></p>
<p>要使用 <code>edit</code> 命令创建新的实时脚本，请在文件名中包含 <code>.mlx</code> 扩展名：</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">edit newfile.mlx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/magic-H728/Store@master/blog-img/202207212056457.png" alt="image-20220721205642321"></p>
<h3 id="循环及条件语句"><a href="#循环及条件语句" class="headerlink" title="循环及条件语句"></a>循环及条件语句</h3><p>在任何脚本中，您都可以定义按循环重复执行或按条件执行的代码段。循环使用 <code>for</code> 或 <code>while</code> 关键字，条件语句使用 <code>if</code> 或 <code>switch</code>。</p>
<p>循环在创建序列时很有用。例如，创建一个名为 <code>fibseq</code> 的脚本，该脚本使用 <code>for</code> 循环来计算斐波那契数列的前 100 个数。在这个序列中，最开始的两个数是 1，随后的每个数是前面两个数的和，即 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">N = <span class="number">100</span>;</span><br><span class="line">f(<span class="number">1</span>) = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">f(<span class="number">2</span>) = <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> n = <span class="number">3</span>:N</span><br><span class="line"> f(n) = f(n<span class="number">-1</span>) + f(n<span class="number">-2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br><span class="line">f(<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">10</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行该脚本时，<code>for</code> 语句定义一个名为 <code>n</code> 的计数器，该计数器从 3 开始。然后，该循环重复为 <code>f(n)</code> 赋值，<code>n</code> 在每次执行中递增，直至达到 100。脚本中的最后一条命令 <code>f(1:10)</code> 显示 <code>f</code> 的前 10 个元素。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">ans</span> =</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="number">5</span> <span class="number">8</span> <span class="number">13</span> <span class="number">21</span> <span class="number">34</span> <span class="number">55</span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>条件语句仅在给定表达式为 true 时执行。例如，根据随机数的大小为变量赋值：<code>'low'</code>、<code>'medium'</code> 或 <code>'high'</code>。在本例中，随机数是在 1 和 100 之间的一个整数。</p>
<figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">num = randi(<span class="number">100</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> num < <span class="number">34</span></span><br><span class="line"> sz = <span class="string">'low'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">elseif</span> num < <span class="number">67</span></span><br><span class="line"> sz = <span class="string">'medium'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> sz = <span class="string">'high'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">end</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>语句 <code>sz = 'high'</code> 仅在 <code>num</code> 大于或等于 67 时执行。</p>
<h3 id="脚本位置"><a href="#脚本位置" class="headerlink" title="脚本位置"></a>脚本位置</h3><p>MATLAB 在特定位置中查找脚本及其他文件。要运行脚本，该文件必须位于当前文件夹或<em>搜索路径</em>中的某个文件夹内。</p>
<p>默认情况下，MATLAB 安装程序创建的 <code>MATLAB</code> 文件夹位于此搜索路径中。如果要将程序存储在其他文件夹，或者要运行其他文件夹中的程序，请将其添加到此搜索路径。在当前文件夹浏览器中选中相应的文件夹，右键点击，然后选择<strong>添加到路径</strong>。</p>
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const mermaidSrc = item.firstElementChild
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const mermaidID = 'mermaid-' + index
const mermaidDefinition = mermaidThemeConfig + mermaidSrc.textContent
mermaid.mermaidAPI.render(mermaidID, mermaidDefinition, (svgCode) => {
mermaidSrc.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', svgCode)
})
})
}
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window.loadMermaid ? runMermaid() : getScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js').then(runMermaid)
}
window.pjax ? loadMermaid() : document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', loadMermaid)
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function initWaline () {
const waline = new Waline(Object.assign({
el: '#waline-wrap',
serverURL: 'https://magic-h-mr0qem8oh-magic-h728.vercel.app/',
path: location.pathname,
visitor: false,
dark: 'html[data-theme="dark"]'
}, null))
}
if (typeof Waline === 'function') initWaline()
else getScript('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@waline/client/dist/Waline.min.js').then(initWaline)
}
if ('Waline' === 'Waline' || !false) {
if (false) btf.loadComment(document.getElementById('waline-wrap'),loadWaline)
else setTimeout(loadWaline, 0)
} else {
function loadOtherComment () {
loadWaline()
}
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var pjax = new Pjax({
elements: 'a:not([target="_blank"]):not([href="/music/"]):not([href="/no-pjax/"])',
selectors: pjaxSelectors,
cacheBust: false,
analytics: false,
scrollRestoration: false
})
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// removeEventListener scroll
window.tocScrollFn && window.removeEventListener('scroll', window.tocScrollFn)
window.scrollCollect && window.removeEventListener('scroll', scrollCollect)
typeof preloader === 'object' && preloader.initLoading()
document.getElementById('rightside').style.cssText = "opacity: ''; transform: ''"
if (window.aplayers) {
for (let i = 0; i < window.aplayers.length; i++) {
if (!window.aplayers[i].options.fixed) {
window.aplayers[i].destroy()
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}
}
typeof typed === 'object' && typed.destroy()
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const $bodyClassList = document.body.classList
$bodyClassList.contains('read-mode') && $bodyClassList.remove('read-mode')
})
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window.refreshFn()
document.querySelectorAll('script[data-pjax]').forEach(item => {
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const content = item.text || item.textContent || item.innerHTML || ""
Array.from(item.attributes).forEach(attr => newScript.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value))
newScript.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content))
item.parentNode.replaceChild(newScript, item)
})
GLOBAL_CONFIG.islazyload && window.lazyLoadInstance.update()
typeof chatBtnFn === 'function' && chatBtnFn()
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pjax.loadUrl('/404.html')
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