diff --git a/.github/workflows/pythontest.yml b/.github/workflows/pythontest.yml
index e36a4a74d..68398491c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pythontest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pythontest.yml
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         if: "matrix.os == 'macos-latest'"
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          pip install --upgrade ".[fastimport,paramiko,https]"  setuptools-rust
+          pip install --upgrade ".[fastimport,paramiko,https]" build
       - name: Install gpg on supported platforms
         run: pip install --upgrade ".[pgp]"
         if: "matrix.os != 'windows-latest' && matrix.python-version != 'pypy3'"
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
         if: "matrix.python-version != 'pypy3'"
       - name: Build
         run: |
-          python setup.py build_ext -i
+          python -m build
         env:
           RUSTFLAGS: "-D warnings"
       - name: codespell
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1d72cf160..8fd8a6db3 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools>=61.2"]
+requires = ["setuptools>=61.2", "setuptools-rust"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
@@ -35,6 +35,21 @@ Repository = "https://www.dulwich.io/code/"
 GitHub = "https://github.com/dulwich/dulwich"
 "Bug Tracker" = "https://github.com/dulwich/dulwich/issues"
 
+[[tool.setuptools-rust.ext-modules]]
+target = "dulwich._objects"
+path = "crates/objects/Cargo.toml"
+optional = true
+
+[[tool.setuptools-rust.ext-modules]]
+target = "dulwich._pack"
+path = "crates/pack/Cargo.toml"
+optional = true
+
+[[tool.setuptools-rust.ext-modules]]
+target = "dulwich._diff_tree"
+path = "crates/diff-tree/Cargo.toml"
+optional = true
+
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 fastimport = ["fastimport"]
 https = ["urllib3>=1.24.1"]
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 41eda944e..000000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python3
-# Setup file for dulwich
-# Copyright (C) 2008-2022 Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@jelmer.uk>
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-import os
-import sys
-
-from setuptools import setup
-
-if sys.platform == "darwin" and os.path.exists("/usr/bin/xcodebuild"):
-    # XCode 4.0 dropped support for ppc architecture, which is hardcoded in
-    # distutils.sysconfig
-    import subprocess
-
-    p = subprocess.Popen(
-        ["/usr/bin/xcodebuild", "-version"],
-        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-        env={},
-    )
-    out, err = p.communicate()
-    for line in out.splitlines():
-        line = line.decode("utf8")
-        # Also parse only first digit, because 3.2.1 can't be parsed nicely
-        if line.startswith("Xcode") and int(line.split()[1].split(".")[0]) >= 4:
-            os.environ["ARCHFLAGS"] = ""
-
-tests_require = ["fastimport"]
-
-
-if "__pypy__" not in sys.modules and sys.platform != "win32":
-    tests_require.extend(["gevent", "geventhttpclient", "setuptools>=17.1"])
-
-
-optional = os.environ.get("CIBUILDWHEEL", "0") != "1"
-
-# Ideally, setuptools would just provide a way to do this
-if "PURE" in os.environ or "--pure" in sys.argv:
-    if "--pure" in sys.argv:
-        sys.argv.remove("--pure")
-    setup_requires = []
-    rust_extensions = []
-else:
-    setup_requires = ["setuptools_rust"]
-    # We check for egg_info since that indicates we are running prepare_metadata_for_build_*
-    if "egg_info" in sys.argv:
-        rust_extensions = []
-    else:
-        from setuptools_rust import Binding, RustExtension
-
-        rust_extensions = [
-            RustExtension(
-                "dulwich._objects",
-                "crates/objects/Cargo.toml",
-                binding=Binding.PyO3,
-                optional=optional,
-            ),
-            RustExtension(
-                "dulwich._pack",
-                "crates/pack/Cargo.toml",
-                binding=Binding.PyO3,
-                optional=optional,
-            ),
-            RustExtension(
-                "dulwich._diff_tree",
-                "crates/diff-tree/Cargo.toml",
-                binding=Binding.PyO3,
-                optional=optional,
-            ),
-        ]
-
-
-setup(
-    package_data={"": ["py.typed"]},
-    rust_extensions=rust_extensions,
-    setup_requires=setup_requires,
-    tests_require=tests_require,
-)