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Arch Linux相关

Archlinux 包管理器pacman的使用说明

  1. 源的选择

    • pacman-mirrors 寻找最快镜像源

        sudo pacman-mirrors -c China -m rank -i

    • 其中参数-c 指定国家, -m 指定排序方式, -i 采用交互选择方式

  2. 同步与升级

    • 安装和升级软件包前，先让本地的包数据库和远程的软件仓库同步是个好习惯。

            pacman -Syy

    • 也可以使用一句命令同时进行同步软件库并更新系统到最新状态

            pacman -Syyu

  3. 安装软件包

    • 安装或者升级单个软件包，或者一列软件包（包含依赖包），使用如下命令：

        　　pacman -S package_name1 package_name2

    • 有时候在不同的软件仓库中，一个软件包有多个版本（比如extra和testing）。你可以选择一个来安装：

        　　pacman -S extra/package_name
  　　pacman -S testing/package_name

    • 你也可以在一个命令里同步包数据库并且安装一个软件包：

        　　pacman -Sy package_name

    • 安装一个本地包（不从源里）：

        　　pacman -U /path/to/package/package_name-version.pkg.tar.gz
      pacman -U http://www.example.com/repo/example.pkg.tar.xz

    • 下载包而不安装它：

        　　pacman -Sw package_name

    • 强制覆盖冲突的软件包：

        　　pacman -Sw package_name

  4. 卸载软件包

    • 删除单个软件包，保留其全部已经安装的依赖关系

        　　pacman -R package_name

    • 删除指定软件包，及其所有没有被其他已安装软件包使用的依赖关系：

        　　pacman -Rs package_name

  5. 包数据库查询

    • 可以使用 -Q 标志搜索和查询本地包数据库。详情参见

        　　pacman -Q --help
  　　pacman -Qi package_name     #显示查找的包信息
  　　pacman -Ql package_name     #显示查找的包的安装
  　　pacman -Qo /path/to/file    #查找某个文件被那个包占用

    • 可以使用 -F 标志搜索和查询本地包数据库。详情参见

        　　pacman -Fy package_name

    • 可以使用-S 标志搜索和查询远程同步的包数据库。详情参见

            pacman -Ss package_name

  6. 完全清理包缓存目录(/var/cache/pacman/pkg)：

     　　pacman -Scc

  7. Note

Q: Whenever I try to install/uninstall a package pacman takes around 5~10 seconds for "fixing hard coded icons" post transaction hook.

A: The package is hardcoder-fixer. Remove if you wish as it is non-critical.

  1. 查看package依赖

     　　pactree -Scc

ArchlinuxCN 镜像使用帮助

Arch Linux 中文社区仓库 是由 Arch Linux 中文社区驱动的非官方用户仓库。 包含中文用户常用软件、工具、字体/美化包等。

使用方法：在 /etc/pacman.conf 文件末尾添加以下两行：

      [archlinuxcn]
      Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

之后安装 archlinuxcn-keyring 包导入 GPG key:

      sudo pacman -Syy && sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

Mathematica 11.3 conflicts with system libraries

The Mathematica package includes a number of it's own libraries, located in InstallPath/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64. They may lead to some compatibility issues and fallback to the system versions of some of these libraries may be necessary.

Symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1: undefined symbol: FT_Done_MM_Var Force Mathematica to use the system version of the freetype library.

     cd <INSTALL_DIR>/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64
     mv libfreetype.so.6 libfreetype.so.6.old

Mathematica/11.3/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64/libz.so.1: version 'ZLIB_1.2.9' not found (required by /usr/lib/libpng16.so.16) Force Mathematica to use the system version of the zlib library.

     cd <INSTALL_DIR>/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64
     mv libz.so.1 libz.so.1.old

Matlab Hidpi

MathWorks suggested the following procedure, which works well for me (R2017b). Quoting from their email: Tuning a high-DPI Linux system requires two steps

  1. Setting the MATLAB scale factor
  2. Calibrating the system's DPI

The MATLAB scale factor affects MATLAB desktop and the size/position of windows. The system DPI determines the scale and font size of axes and labels. To set the MATLAB scale factor, please use the following MATLAB commands:

    >> s = settings;s.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor
    >> s.matlab.desktop.DisplayScaleFactor.PersonalValue = 1.5

To calibrate the system DPI to match the scale facto, please use the following terminal commands :

    % xdpyinfo | grep resolution
    resolution:    96x96 dots per inch
    % xrandr --dpi 144

The DPI value chosen should be the resolution found with xdpyinfo multiplied by the MATLAB scale factor that was set. In the example, 96 × 1.5 = 144.

MATLAB must be restarted after Step 2.

我自己只设置了第一步, Matlab就显示比较正常了.

NetworkManager(无线网络相关)

  1. Start NetworkManager:

     systemctl start NetworkManager

  2. Make it auto-start on boot:

     systemctl enable NetworkManager

  3. Use command-line tool nmcli to connect to a wireless network:

    • check the radio is enabled

        nmcli radio

    • show wifi device

        nmcli device

    • To actually connect to a wireless AP:

        nmcli device wifi rescan
  nmcli device wifi list
  nmcli device wifi connect SSID-Name password wireless-password
  # where `SSID-Name` is 无线路由名称，`wireless-password` 是无线密码

Arch Linux中autojump的安装小记

When you install autojump, you should do this post-installation instructions.

If you use bash try doing this command in terminal:

echo "source /usr/share/autojump/autojump.bash" >> ~/.bashrc

zsh users:

echo "source /usr/share/autojump/autojump.zsh" >> ~/.zshrc

Custom sddm DPI

In order to set custom DPI for high resolution screens you should configure Xorg yourself. An easy way is to pass an additional argument to Xorg.

Edit /etc/sddm.conf, go to the X11 section and change ServerArguments like this:

ServerArguments=-nolisten tcp -dpi 192

to set DPI to 192.(高DPI可以有效解决4K显示屏下sddm字体较小的问题)