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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<search>
<entry>
<title></title>
<link href="/2019/08/09/golang/gin%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/"/>
<url>/2019/08/09/golang/gin%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="gin非0取值注意："><a href="#gin非0取值注意：" class="headerlink" title="gin非0取值注意："></a>gin非0取值注意：</h2><p>如果想取bool类型的false,string类型的空字符串时，不能使用required<br>而应该用exist,否则会报数据未提交上来</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">type AdminRoleJson struct {</span><br><span class="line">RoleName string `json:"role_name" binding:"required"`</span><br><span class="line">Remark string `json:"remark" binding:"exist"`</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>断言成功，则返回一个所断言的类型对象<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">claims，ok := user.(*util.Claims) //断言</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>搭建mongo副本集</title>
<link href="/2019/08/09/db/mongo_replicas/"/>
<url>/2019/08/09/db/mongo_replicas/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>[TOC]</p><p>##环境介绍</p><table><thead><tr><th>hostname</th><th>ip</th><th>mongo port</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>a90</td><td>192.168.0.90</td><td>27019</td></tr><tr><td>a91</td><td>192.168.0.91</td><td>27019</td></tr><tr><td>a92</td><td>192.168.0.92</td><td>27019</td></tr></tbody></table><p>mongo版本：4.0<br>部署方式：docker手工部署</p><p>##目录</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> db </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> mongo </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>prometheus监控mysql</title>
<link href="/2019/08/09/tools/prometheus-monitor-mysql_/"/>
<url>/2019/08/09/tools/prometheus-monitor-mysql_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#使用docker镜像运行prometheus">使用docker镜像运行prometheus</a></li><li><a href="#使用docker镜像运行mysqld_exporter">使用docker镜像运行mysqld_exporter</a></li><li><a href="#使用docker镜像运行grafana">使用docker镜像运行grafana</a></li><li><a href="#下载dashboard并导入grafana">下载dashboard并导入grafana</a></li></ul><h2 id="使用docker镜像运行prometheus"><a href="#使用docker镜像运行prometheus" class="headerlink" title="使用docker镜像运行prometheus"></a>使用docker镜像运行prometheus</h2><p>1.修改prometheus配置文件</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># my global config</span><br><span class="line">global:</span><br><span class="line"> scrape_interval: 15s</span><br><span class="line"> evaluation_interval: 30s</span><br><span class="line"> # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">scrape_configs:</span><br><span class="line">- job_name: 'mysql'</span><br><span class="line"> static_configs:</span><br><span class="line"> - targets:</span><br><span class="line"> - x.x.x.x:9104</span><br><span class="line"> labels:</span><br><span class="line"> instance: myproject_mysql_cs</span><br><span class="line"> release: myproject_mysql_cs</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>其中的X.X.X.X表示为mysqld_exporter所在的主机的IP</p><p>2.启动脚本<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=prometheus</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run --name ${name} -d -p 9090:9090 \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/prometheus/conf/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/prometheus/data:/prometheus \</span><br><span class="line">-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime prom/prometheus</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="使用docker镜像运行mysqld-exporter"><a href="#使用docker镜像运行mysqld-exporter" class="headerlink" title="使用docker镜像运行mysqld_exporter"></a>使用docker镜像运行mysqld_exporter</h2><p>参考：<a href="https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter</a></p><p>1.创建监控mysql的用户，并授权<br>如果不是用localhost连接的，需要把localhost换作export所在机器的IP<br>如果不限制连接的源IP，可以直接使用百分号：‘%’<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Required Grants</span><br><span class="line">CREATE USER 'exporter'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'exporterpassword' WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 3;</span><br><span class="line">GRANT PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, SELECT ON *.* TO 'exporter'@'localhost';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>2.启动mysqld_exporter</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=mysqld-exporter</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d \</span><br><span class="line"> --name ${name} \</span><br><span class="line"> --restart always \</span><br><span class="line"> -p 9104:9104 \</span><br><span class="line"> -e 'DATA_SOURCE_NAME=exporter:exporterpassword@tcp(100.100.100.100:3306)/' \</span><br><span class="line"> prom/mysqld-exporter</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="使用docker镜像运行grafana"><a href="#使用docker镜像运行grafana" class="headerlink" title="使用docker镜像运行grafana"></a>使用docker镜像运行grafana</h2><p>1.启动脚本<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=grafana</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --restart always \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/grafana:/var/lib/grafana \</span><br><span class="line">-p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>默认用户名密码：<br>admin/admin</p><h2 id="下载dashboard并导入grafana"><a href="#下载dashboard并导入grafana" class="headerlink" title="下载dashboard并导入grafana"></a>下载dashboard并导入grafana</h2><p>1.筛选了一下，这个下载还挺多的：<br>Mysql - Prometheusby Juan Chimienti<br>Basic Mysql dashboard for the prometheus exporter<br>PROMETHEUS<br>Downloads: 4262<br>Reviews: 0<br>下载地址：<a href="https://grafana.com/api/dashboards/6239/revisions/1/download" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://grafana.com/api/dashboards/6239/revisions/1/download</a></p><p>2.有的仪表用负数表示，比如网络的收与发，看着不习惯，可以在所在的仪表中点edit->Visualization中修改</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> 工具 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> prometheus </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ubuntu相关</title>
<link href="/2019/08/08/linux/ubuntu_/"/>
<url>/2019/08/08/linux/ubuntu_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#ubuntu1804server给eth0增加ip地址">ubuntu18.04server给eth0增加ip地址</a></li></ul><h2 id="ubuntu18-04server给eth0增加ip地址"><a href="#ubuntu18-04server给eth0增加ip地址" class="headerlink" title="ubuntu18.04server给eth0增加ip地址"></a>ubuntu18.04server给eth0增加ip地址</h2><p>参考：<a href="https://netplan.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://netplan.io/</a></p><p>cd /etc/netplan/<br>在这个目录下有网卡相关的yaml配置文件<br>cat /etc/netplan/99-eth0.yaml<br>直接添加一行 addresses: [x.x.x.x/x]<br>即可配置一个网卡新增一个IP<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">network:</span><br><span class="line"> version: 2</span><br><span class="line"> renderer: networkd</span><br><span class="line"> ethernets:</span><br><span class="line"> eth0:</span><br><span class="line"> dhcp4: no</span><br><span class="line"> match:</span><br><span class="line"> macaddress: 00:16:3e:01:2c:1c</span><br><span class="line"> addresses: [172.24.80.213/20]</span><br><span class="line"> addresses: [100.100.100.100/32]</span><br><span class="line"> gateway4: 172.24.95.253</span><br><span class="line"> routes:</span><br><span class="line"> - to: 0.0.0.0/0</span><br><span class="line"> via: 172.24.95.253</span><br><span class="line"> nameservers:</span><br><span class="line"> addresses: [ 100.100.2.138, 100.100.2.136 ]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> linux </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> linux </tag>
<tag> ubuntu </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>redis sentinel集群搭建及监控</title>
<link href="/2019/08/07/db/redis-sentinel_/"/>
<url>/2019/08/07/db/redis-sentinel_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#搭建环境介绍">搭建环境介绍</a></li><li><a href="#redis各角色的启动脚本">redis各角色的启动脚本</a></li><li><a href="#sentinel配置文件">sentinel配置文件</a></li><li><a href="#redis集群状态变化的通知脚本">redis集群状态变化的通知脚本</a></li><li><a href="#搭建监控prometheusgrafanaredis_exporter">搭建监控prometheus+grafana+redis_exporter</a></li><li><a href="#参考">参考</a></li></ul><h2 id="搭建环境介绍"><a href="#搭建环境介绍" class="headerlink" title="搭建环境介绍"></a>搭建环境介绍</h2><p>在一台服务器上使用redis docker镜像安装集群测试环境<br>一主二从三哨兵:</p><table><thead><tr><th>ip</th><th>port</th><th>name</th><th>role</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>6479</td><td>master</td><td>master</td></tr><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>6579</td><td>slave01</td><td>slave</td></tr><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>6679</td><td>slave02</td><td>slave</td></tr><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>26479</td><td>sen01</td><td>sentinel</td></tr><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>26579</td><td>sen02</td><td>sentinel</td></tr><tr><td>10.0.1.200</td><td>26679</td><td>sen03</td><td>sentinel</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="redis各角色的启动脚本"><a href="#redis各角色的启动脚本" class="headerlink" title="redis各角色的启动脚本"></a>redis各角色的启动脚本</h2><p>为了避免通告的IP和端口问题，docker容器的网络直接使用host<br>1_run_redis_master.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=master</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' --restart always \</span><br><span class="line">-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/master_data:/data redis:5.0.5 \</span><br><span class="line">redis-server --port 6479</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>2_run_redis_slave01.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=slave01</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' --restart always \</span><br><span class="line">-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/slave01_data:/data redis:5.0.5 \</span><br><span class="line">redis-server --port 6579 --slaveof 10.0.1.200 6479</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>3_run_redis_slave02.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=slave02</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' --restart always</span><br><span class="line">-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/slave02_data:/data redis:5.0.5 \</span><br><span class="line">redis-server --port 6679 --slaveof 10.0.1.200 6479</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>4_start_sen01.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name="sen01"</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/conf:/conf \</span><br><span class="line">redis:5.0.5 redis-server /conf/sentinel26479.conf --sentinel</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>5_start_sen02.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name="sen02"</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/conf:/conf redis:5.0.5 \</span><br><span class="line">redis-server /conf/sentinel26579.conf --sentinel</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>6_start_sen03.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name="sen03"</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --net 'host' \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/redis_sentinel/conf:/conf redis:5.0.5 \</span><br><span class="line">redis-server /conf/sentinel26679.conf --sentinel</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="sentinel配置文件"><a href="#sentinel配置文件" class="headerlink" title="sentinel配置文件"></a>sentinel配置文件</h2><p>从github获取redis sentinel配置文件<br>wget <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antirez/redis/unstable/sentinel.conf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antirez/redis/unstable/sentinel.conf</a></p><p>为方便以后快速查看配置选项的含义，保留配置项的英文注释，修改配置文件如下：<br>sentinel26479.conf<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">port 26479</span><br><span class="line">daemonize no</span><br><span class="line">pidfile "/var/run/redis-sentinel.pid"</span><br><span class="line">logfile ""</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># dir <working-directory></span><br><span class="line"># Every long running process should have a well-defined working directory.</span><br><span class="line"># For Redis Sentinel to chdir to /tmp at startup is the simplest thing</span><br><span class="line"># for the process to don't interfere with administrative tasks such as</span><br><span class="line"># unmounting filesystems.</span><br><span class="line">dir "/tmp"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum></span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Tells Sentinel to monitor this master, and to consider it in O_DOWN</span><br><span class="line"># (Objectively Down) state only if at least <quorum> sentinels agree.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Note that whatever is the ODOWN quorum, a Sentinel will require to</span><br><span class="line"># be elected by the majority of the known Sentinels in order to</span><br><span class="line"># start a failover, so no failover can be performed in minority.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Replicas are auto-discovered, so you don't need to specify replicas in</span><br><span class="line"># any way. Sentinel itself will rewrite this configuration file adding</span><br><span class="line"># the replicas using additional configuration options.</span><br><span class="line"># Also note that the configuration file is rewritten when a</span><br><span class="line"># replica is promoted to master.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Note: master name should not include special characters or spaces.</span><br><span class="line"># The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters ".-_".</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># Number of milliseconds the master (or any attached replica or sentinel) should</span><br><span class="line"># be unreachable (as in, not acceptable reply to PING, continuously, for the</span><br><span class="line"># specified period) in order to consider it in S_DOWN state (Subjectively</span><br><span class="line"># Down).</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Default is 30 seconds.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sentinel deny-scripts-reconfig yes</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># sentinel parallel-syncs <master-name> <numreplicas></span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># How many replicas we can reconfigure to point to the new replica simultaneously</span><br><span class="line"># during the failover. Use a low number if you use the replicas to serve query</span><br><span class="line"># to avoid that all the replicas will be unreachable at about the same</span><br><span class="line"># time while performing the synchronization with the master.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sentinel monitor mymaster 10.0.1.200 6479 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># sentinel failover-timeout <master-name> <milliseconds></span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Specifies the failover timeout in milliseconds. It is used in many ways:</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># - The time needed to re-start a failover after a previous failover was</span><br><span class="line"># already tried against the same master by a given Sentinel, is two</span><br><span class="line"># times the failover timeout.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># - The time needed for a replica replicating to a wrong master according</span><br><span class="line"># to a Sentinel current configuration, to be forced to replicate</span><br><span class="line"># with the right master, is exactly the failover timeout (counting since</span><br><span class="line"># the moment a Sentinel detected the misconfiguration).</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># - The time needed to cancel a failover that is already in progress but</span><br><span class="line"># did not produced any configuration change (SLAVEOF NO ONE yet not</span><br><span class="line"># acknowledged by the promoted replica).</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># - The maximum time a failover in progress waits for all the replicas to be</span><br><span class="line"># reconfigured as replicas of the new master. However even after this time</span><br><span class="line"># the replicas will be reconfigured by the Sentinels anyway, but not with</span><br><span class="line"># the exact parallel-syncs progression as specified.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Default is 3 minutes.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># NOTIFICATION SCRIPT</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># sentinel notification-script <master-name> <script-path></span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># Call the specified notification script for any sentinel event that is</span><br><span class="line"># generated in the WARNING level (for instance -sdown, -odown, and so forth).</span><br><span class="line"># This script should notify the system administrator via email, SMS, or any</span><br><span class="line"># other messaging system, that there is something wrong with the monitored</span><br><span class="line"># Redis systems.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># The script is called with just two arguments: the first is the event type</span><br><span class="line"># and the second the event description.</span><br><span class="line">#</span><br><span class="line"># The script must exist and be executable in order for sentinel to start if</span><br><span class="line"># this option is provided.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sentinel notification-script mymaster /conf/notify.sh</span><br><span class="line">sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line"># Generated by CONFIG REWRITE</span><br><span class="line">sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6679</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6579</span><br><span class="line">sentinel current-epoch 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>sentinel26579.conf<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">port 26579</span><br><span class="line">daemonize no</span><br><span class="line">pidfile "/var/run/redis-sentinel.pid"</span><br><span class="line">logfile ""</span><br><span class="line">dir "/tmp"</span><br><span class="line">sentinel deny-scripts-reconfig yes</span><br><span class="line">sentinel monitor mymaster 10.0.1.200 6479 2</span><br><span class="line">sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000</span><br><span class="line">sentinel notification-script mymaster /conf/notify.sh</span><br><span class="line">sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line">sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6679</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6579</span><br><span class="line">sentinel current-epoch 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>sentinel26679.conf<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">port 26679</span><br><span class="line">daemonize no</span><br><span class="line">pidfile "/var/run/redis-sentinel.pid"</span><br><span class="line">logfile ""</span><br><span class="line">dir "/tmp"</span><br><span class="line">sentinel deny-scripts-reconfig yes</span><br><span class="line">sentinel monitor mymaster 10.0.1.200 6479 2</span><br><span class="line">sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000</span><br><span class="line">sentinel notification-script mymaster /conf/notify.sh</span><br><span class="line">sentinel config-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line">sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 0</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6579</span><br><span class="line">sentinel known-replica mymaster 10.0.1.200 6679</span><br><span class="line">sentinel current-epoch 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="redis集群状态变化的通知脚本"><a href="#redis集群状态变化的通知脚本" class="headerlink" title="redis集群状态变化的通知脚本"></a>redis集群状态变化的通知脚本</h2><p>由于官方的redis镜像中没有curl命令，所以自己动手用golang写个简单的http POST字符串的脚本编译成gohttppost，<br>调用钉钉的webhook机器人，达到通知的目的，golang脚本参见：<br>使用go发送http POST请求：<a href="https://gitrootid.github.io/2019/08/07/golang/go-http-post_/">https://gitrootid.github.io/2019/08/07/golang/go-http-post_/</a></p><p>notify.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">dir=$(dirname "$0")</span><br><span class="line">cd ${dir}</span><br><span class="line">dir=`pwd`</span><br><span class="line">cd ${dir}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">event_type=$1</span><br><span class="line">event_description=$2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">topic='redis-sentinel-notification'</span><br><span class="line">content='topic:'${topic}',event:'${event_type}',description:'${event_description}</span><br><span class="line">ding_talk_url='https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=XXX'</span><br><span class="line">MSG='{"msgtype": "text","text": {"content": "'${content}'"}}'</span><br><span class="line">./gohttppost -u "${ding_talk_url}" -b "${MSG}" -s true</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>至此集群搭建完成</p><h2 id="redis相关命令"><a href="#redis相关命令" class="headerlink" title="redis相关命令"></a>redis相关命令</h2><p>1.info查看集群相关信息<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec -it sen01 /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">redis-cli -p 26679</span><br><span class="line">>info</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>2.monitor命令可以查看redis服务器正在执行的所有命令<br> 注意：由于monitor命令返回服务器处理的所有的命令, 所以在性能上会有一些消耗.<br>3.save阻塞式数据持久化<br>4.bgsave非阻塞式数据持久化</p><h2 id="搭建监控prometheus-grafana-redis-exporter"><a href="#搭建监控prometheus-grafana-redis-exporter" class="headerlink" title="搭建监控prometheus+grafana+redis_exporter"></a>搭建监控prometheus+grafana+redis_exporter</h2><p>参考：<a href="https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter</a><br>修改prometheus配置文件<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># my global config</span><br><span class="line">global:</span><br><span class="line"> scrape_interval: 15s</span><br><span class="line"> evaluation_interval: 30s</span><br><span class="line"> # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">scrape_configs:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- job_name: redis_irs_cs</span><br><span class="line"> static_configs:</span><br><span class="line"> - targets:</span><br><span class="line"> - redis://10.0.1.200:6479</span><br><span class="line"> - redis://10.0.1.200:6579</span><br><span class="line"> - redis://10.0.1.200:6679</span><br><span class="line"> metrics_path: /scrape</span><br><span class="line"> relabel_configs:</span><br><span class="line"> - source_labels: [__address__]</span><br><span class="line"> target_label: __param_target</span><br><span class="line"> - source_labels: [__param_target]</span><br><span class="line"> target_label: addr</span><br><span class="line"> - target_label: __address__</span><br><span class="line"> replacement: 10.0.1.200:9121</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>使用docker镜像运行prometheus<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=prometheus</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run --name ${name} -d -p 9090:9090 \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/prometheus/conf/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/prometheus/data:/prometheus \</span><br><span class="line">-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime prom/prometheus</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>使用docker镜像运行redis_exporter<br>1.0版本支持直接把redis_exporter作为黑盒运行，不用关心配置<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=redis_exporter</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --restart always -p 9121:9121 oliver006/redis_exporter</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>使用docker镜像运行grafana<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name=grafana</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm ${name}</span><br><span class="line">docker run -d --name ${name} --restart always \</span><br><span class="line">-v /data/project/grafana:/var/lib/grafana \</span><br><span class="line">-p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>默认用户名密码：<br>admin/admin</p><p>登陆后导入从grafana官网下载的redis dashboard仪表盘：<a href="https://grafana.com/api/dashboards/2751/revisions/1/download" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://grafana.com/api/dashboards/2751/revisions/1/download</a><br>然后在configuration里配置datasource,再进入prometheus-redis的dashboard,就可以看到漂亮的各指标界面了</p><p>prometheus的报警规则以后再增加</p><h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a href="https://redis.io/topics/sentinel" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://redis.io/topics/sentinel</a><br><a href="https://gist.github.com/ylgrgyq/89f3aeae294dda340c74e202c00aa1f7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://gist.github.com/ylgrgyq/89f3aeae294dda340c74e202c00aa1f7</a><br><a href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002685515" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002685515</a></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> db </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> redis </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>使用go发送http POST请求</title>
<link href="/2019/08/07/golang/go-http-post_/"/>
<url>/2019/08/07/golang/go-http-post_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#使用场景">使用场景</a></li><li><a href="#简单实现post字符串">简单实现POST字符串</a></li><li><a href="#编译脚本">编译脚本</a></li></ul><h2 id="使用场景"><a href="#使用场景" class="headerlink" title="使用场景"></a>使用场景</h2><p>主要用于需要简单的POST一串字符串到某服务器，但是curl命令又没有的安装的情况，比如docker镜像中</p><h2 id="简单实现POST字符串"><a href="#简单实现POST字符串" class="headerlink" title="简单实现POST字符串"></a>简单实现POST字符串</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"bytes"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"crypto/tls"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"flag"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"io/ioutil"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"os"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> (</span><br><span class="line">s <span class="keyword">bool</span></span><br><span class="line">h <span class="keyword">bool</span></span><br><span class="line">t <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">b <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">resp *http.Response</span><br><span class="line">err error</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">flag.BoolVar(&h, <span class="string">"h"</span>, <span class="literal">false</span>, <span class="string">"this help"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">flag.BoolVar(&s, <span class="string">"s"</span>, <span class="literal">false</span>, <span class="string">"Insecure SSL Skip Verify, default false"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">flag.StringVar(&t, <span class="string">"u"</span>, <span class="string">""</span>, <span class="string">"url"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">flag.StringVar(&b, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">""</span>, <span class="string">"'{\"key\":\"value\"}'"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 改变默认的 Usage，flag包中的Usage 其实是一个函数类型。这里是覆盖默认函数实现，具体见后面Usage部分的分析</span></span><br><span class="line">flag.Usage = usage</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">usage</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, <span class="string">`http POST application/json</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Usage: gohttppost [-h] [-u url] [-b body]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Options:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">`</span>)</span><br><span class="line">flag.PrintDefaults()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">flag.Parse()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> h {</span><br><span class="line">flag.Usage()</span><br><span class="line">os.Exit(<span class="number">0</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">payloadBytes := []<span class="keyword">byte</span>(b)</span><br><span class="line">body := bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes)</span><br><span class="line">req, err := http.NewRequest(<span class="string">"POST"</span>, t, body)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"err:"</span>, <span class="string">"http.NewRequest:"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">req.Header.Set(<span class="string">"Content-Type"</span>, <span class="string">"application/json"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 判断是否校验SSL证书</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> s {</span><br><span class="line">tr := &http.Transport{</span><br><span class="line">TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: <span class="literal">true</span>},</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">client := http.Client{Transport: tr}</span><br><span class="line">resp, err = client.Do(req)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line">resp, err = http.DefaultClient.Do(req)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"err:"</span>, <span class="string">"http client request:"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">defer</span> resp.Body.Close()</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"response Status:"</span>, resp.Status)</span><br><span class="line">resBody, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"response Body:"</span>, <span class="keyword">string</span>(resBody))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="编译脚本"><a href="#编译脚本" class="headerlink" title="编译脚本"></a>编译脚本</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line">CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -ldflags <span class="string">"-w"</span> -o gohttppost main.go</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -a 强制编译所有依赖包。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -s 去掉符号信息</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -w 去掉DWARF调试信息，得到的程序就不能用gdb调试了</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 不建议s和w同时使用。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>install keepalived</title>
<link href="/2019/07/30/tools/install-keepalived_/"/>
<url>/2019/07/30/tools/install-keepalived_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#需求">需求</a></li><li><a href="#源码安装keepalived">源码安装keepalived</a></li><li><a href="#配置负载均衡">配置负载均衡</a></li><li><a href="#配置realserver">配置realserver</a></li><li><a href="#启动keepalived">启动keepalived</a></li><li><a href="#验证">验证</a></li></ul><h1 id="需求"><a href="#需求" class="headerlink" title="需求"></a>需求</h1><p>1.有4台服务器，如下</p><table><thead><tr><th>hostname</th><th>ip</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>test1</td><td>10.0.1.201</td><td>keepalived master</td></tr><tr><td>test2</td><td>10.0.1.202</td><td>keepalived backup</td></tr><tr><td>real1</td><td>10.0.1.203</td><td>realserver 1,安装nginx</td></tr><tr><td>real2</td><td>10.0.1.204</td><td>realserver 2,安装nginx</td></tr></tbody></table><p>2.本次试验的虚拟IP：10.0.1.200</p><p>3.4台服务器同处于一个局域网中<br>4.要求：同一时间只能有一台服务器的nginx处理请求流量，假如现在是real2在处理请求，real1处于standby状态，将real2的nginx关闭，real1自动接管real2的流量</p><h1 id="源码安装keepalived"><a href="#源码安装keepalived" class="headerlink" title="源码安装keepalived"></a>源码安装keepalived</h1><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.0.17.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">tar xf keepalived-2.0.17.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">cd keepalived-2.0.17/</span><br><span class="line">mkdir /opt/keepalived</span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/opt/keepalived</span><br><span class="line">make -j2</span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br><span class="line"># 安装完成</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h1 id="配置负载均衡"><a href="#配置负载均衡" class="headerlink" title="配置负载均衡"></a>配置负载均衡</h1><p>1.修改配置文件<br>/opt/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">! Configuration File for keepalived</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">global_defs {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> router_id LVS_TEST_1</span><br><span class="line"> vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vrrp_instance VI_1 {</span><br><span class="line"> state MASTER</span><br><span class="line"> interface eth0</span><br><span class="line"> virtual_router_id 51</span><br><span class="line"> priority 150</span><br><span class="line"> advert_int 1</span><br><span class="line"> authentication {</span><br><span class="line"> auth_type PASS</span><br><span class="line"> auth_pass 1111</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> virtual_ipaddress {</span><br><span class="line"> 10.0.1.200</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">virtual_server 10.0.1.200 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> delay_loop 6 #设置健康检查时间，单位是秒</span><br><span class="line"> lb_algo fo # 设置负载调度算法，为了满足其中一台服务器只是作热备，这里使用fo算法，非常关键</span><br><span class="line"> lb_kind DR #设置LVS实现LB机制，有NAT、TUNN和DR三个模式可选</span><br><span class="line"> #persistence_timeout 50 #保持客户端的请求在这个时间段内全部发到同一个真实服务器，单位为秒</span><br><span class="line"> protocol TCP</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> real_server 10.0.1.203 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> weight 1</span><br><span class="line"> TCP_CHECK { </span><br><span class="line"> connect_timeout 2 #表示2秒无响应，则超时 </span><br><span class="line"> retry 2 #表示重试次数 </span><br><span class="line"> delay_before_retry 1 #表示重试间隔 </span><br><span class="line"> connect_port 80</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> real_server 10.0.1.204 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> weight 2 # 如果没看错的话，fo算法是从权重最高的之中选一台作为负载服务器</span><br><span class="line"> TCP_CHECK { </span><br><span class="line"> connect_timeout 2 #表示2秒无响应，则超时 </span><br><span class="line"> retry 2 #表示重试次数 </span><br><span class="line"> delay_before_retry 1 #表示重试间隔 </span><br><span class="line"> connect_port 80</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>2.将keepalived的目录/opt/keepalived整个复制到test2,并只修改其中的三项：<br>state，router_id，priority<br>state为backup的服务器，其priority必须要小于master服务器的priority值</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">! Configuration File for keepalived</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">global_defs {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> router_id LVS_TEST_2</span><br><span class="line"> vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vrrp_instance VI_1 {</span><br><span class="line"> state BACKUP</span><br><span class="line"> interface eth0</span><br><span class="line"> virtual_router_id 51</span><br><span class="line"> priority 100</span><br><span class="line"> advert_int 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> authentication {</span><br><span class="line"> auth_type PASS</span><br><span class="line"> auth_pass 1111</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> virtual_ipaddress {</span><br><span class="line"> 10.0.1.200</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">virtual_server 10.0.1.200 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> delay_loop 6 #设置健康检查时间，单位是秒</span><br><span class="line"> lb_algo fo # 设置负载调度算法，为了满足其中一台服务器只是作热备，这里使用fo算法，非常关键</span><br><span class="line"> lb_kind DR #设置LVS实现LB机制，有NAT、TUNN和DR三个模式可选</span><br><span class="line"> #persistence_timeout 50 #保持客户端的请求在这个时间段内全部发到同一个真实服务器，单位为秒</span><br><span class="line"> protocol TCP</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> real_server 10.0.1.203 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> weight 1</span><br><span class="line"> TCP_CHECK { </span><br><span class="line"> connect_timeout 2 #表示2秒无响应，则超时 </span><br><span class="line"> retry 2 #表示重试次数 </span><br><span class="line"> delay_before_retry 1 #表示重试间隔 </span><br><span class="line"> connect_port 80</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> real_server 10.0.1.204 80 {</span><br><span class="line"> weight 2</span><br><span class="line"> TCP_CHECK { </span><br><span class="line"> connect_timeout 2 #表示2秒无响应，则超时 </span><br><span class="line"> retry 2 #表示重试次数 </span><br><span class="line"> delay_before_retry 1 #表示重试间隔 </span><br><span class="line"> connect_port 80</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>3.打开内核转发<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo sed -i 's/#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/net.ipv4.ip_forward=1/' /etc/sysctl.conf</span><br><span class="line">sysctl -p</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h1 id="配置realserver"><a href="#配置realserver" class="headerlink" title="配置realserver"></a>配置realserver</h1><p>1.由于是DR转发，所以realserver需要arp抑制<br>分别在real1和real2上执行<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore </span><br><span class="line">echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce </span><br><span class="line">echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore </span><br><span class="line">echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>2.配置vip到realserver的lo:0接口</p><p>分别在real1和real2上执行<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">VIP=‘10.0.1.200’</span><br><span class="line">ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP</span><br><span class="line">route add -host $VIP dev lo:0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>3.为了快捷，使用docker启动nginx<br>分别在real1和real2上执行:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -v /opt/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx</span><br><span class="line">hostname > /opt/html/index.html</span><br><span class="line"># 为了测试效果，把主机名作为请求返回的结果，以确定是哪个服务器响应的请求</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>docker运行后，验证一下网嶡请求是否能正常返回：<br>curl 10.0.1.203<br>curl 10.0.1.204</p><h1 id="启动keepalived"><a href="#启动keepalived" class="headerlink" title="启动keepalived"></a>启动keepalived</h1><p>分别在test1和test2上执行<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">/opt/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /opt/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h1 id="验证"><a href="#验证" class="headerlink" title="验证"></a>验证</h1><p>1.模拟一切OK的情况<br>curl 10.0.1.200<br>请求N次，返回的结果都为real2的主机名，为符合预期结果：同一时间，只能一台服务器提供服务<br>2.模拟real2的nginx异常退出的情况<br>在real2上执行：docker stop nginx,然后执行：curl 10.0.1.200<br>请求N次，返回的结果都为real1的主机名，为符合预期结果：将real2的nginx关闭，real1自动接管real2的流量</p><p>3.恢复一切正常后，再模拟keepalived master异常退出的情况<br>将test1的keepalived进程杀掉：killall keepalived<br>然后执行N次:curl 10.0.1.200<br>返回的结果都为real2的主机名，为符合预期结果：同一时间，只能一台服务器提供服务</p><p>4.恢复一切正常后，再模拟keepalived master服务器宕机的情况<br>将test1的keepalived进程杀掉：killall keepalived<br>将real2的nginx关闭：docker stop nginx<br>然后执行N次:curl 10.0.1.200<br>返回的结果都为real1的主机名，为符合预期结果：将real2的nginx关闭，real1自动接管real2的流量</p><p>5.恢复一切正常后，再模拟keepalived backup服务器宕机的情况<br>将test2的keepalived进程杀掉：killall keepalived<br>将real2的nginx关闭：docker stop nginx<br>然后执行N次:curl 10.0.1.200<br>返回的结果都为real1的主机名，为符合预期结果：将real2的nginx关闭，real1自动接管real2的流量</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> 工具 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> keepalived </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go gin uploadfile</title>
<link href="/2019/06/13/golang/go-gin-uploadfile_/"/>
<url>/2019/06/13/golang/go-gin-uploadfile_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#uploadfile">uploadfile</a></li></ul><h2 id="uploadfile"><a href="#uploadfile" class="headerlink" title="uploadfile"></a>uploadfile</h2><p>Gin 对接受用户上传的文件做了友好的处理，在 Handler 中可以很简单的实现文件的接收。</p><p>要注意的是，上传文件的大小有限制，通常是 <32MB，你可以使用 router.MaxMultipartMemory更改它。</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//Deferred Cleanup, Checking Errors, and Potential Problems</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//refer to:https://blevesearch.com/news/Deferred-Cleanup,-Checking-Errors,-and-Potential-Problems/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">Close</span><span class="params">(c io.Closer)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">err := c.Close()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatal(err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">router := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置文件上传大小 router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 处理单一的文件上传</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(<span class="string">"/upload"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 拿到这个文件</span></span><br><span class="line">file, header, _ := c.Request.FormFile(<span class="string">"file"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//getType := reflect.TypeOf(header)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//fmt.Println("get Type is :", getType.Name())</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//getValue := reflect.ValueOf(header)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//fmt.Println("get all Fields is:", getValue)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">log.Println(<span class="string">"size:"</span>, header.Size)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fh, err := os.Create(header.Filename)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatal(err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">defer</span> Close(fh)</span><br><span class="line">_, err1 := io.Copy(fh, file)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err1 != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatal(err1)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf(<span class="string">"'%s' uploaded!"</span>, header.Filename))</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 处理多个文件的上传</span></span><br><span class="line">router.POST(<span class="string">"/uploads"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">form, _ := c.MultipartForm()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 拿到集合</span></span><br><span class="line">files := form.File[<span class="string">"upload[]"</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> _, file := <span class="keyword">range</span> files {</span><br><span class="line">log.Println(file.Filename)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf(<span class="string">"%d files uploaded!"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(files)))</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">router.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>用 curl 工具测试一下：</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 单一文件上传</span></span><br><span class="line">$ curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \</span><br><span class="line"> -F <span class="string">"file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip"</span> \</span><br><span class="line"> -H <span class="string">"Content-Type: multipart/form-data"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 多文件上传</span></span><br><span class="line">$ curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/uploads \</span><br><span class="line"> -F <span class="string">"upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip"</span> \</span><br><span class="line"> -F <span class="string">"upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip"</span> \</span><br><span class="line"> -H <span class="string">"Content-Type: multipart/form-data"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> gin </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
<tag> gin </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>gin blog</title>
<link href="/2019/06/06/golang/gin-blog_/"/>
<url>/2019/06/06/golang/gin-blog_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#安装go">安装go</a></li><li><a href="#初始工作区">初始工作区</a></li><li><a href="#初始化项目目录">初始化项目目录</a></li><li><a href="#创建数据库">创建数据库</a></li><li><a href="#编写项目配置包">编写项目配置包</a></li><li><a href="#编写api错误码包">编写API错误码包</a></li><li><a href="#编写工具包">编写工具包</a></li></ul><h2 id="安装go"><a href="#安装go" class="headerlink" title="安装go"></a>安装go</h2><p>参考：go 1.03 环境搭建</p><h2 id="初始工作区"><a href="#初始工作区" class="headerlink" title="初始工作区"></a>初始工作区</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#安装govendor</span><br><span class="line">go get -u github.com/kardianos/govendor</span><br><span class="line">tree $GOPATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>查看GOPATH目录<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$GOPATH</span><br><span class="line">├── bin</span><br><span class="line">│ └── govendor</span><br><span class="line">├── src</span><br><span class="line">│ └── github.com</span><br><span class="line">│ └── kardianos</span><br><span class="line">│ └── govendor</span><br><span class="line">│ ├── appveyor.yml</span><br><span class="line">│ ├...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>安装gin</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin</span><br><span class="line">tree $GOPATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>再次查看GOPATH目录<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$GOPATH</span><br><span class="line">├── bin</span><br><span class="line">│ └── govendor</span><br><span class="line">├── src</span><br><span class="line">│ ├── github.com</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── gin-contrib</span><br><span class="line">│ │ │ └── sse</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── gin-gonic</span><br><span class="line">│ │ │ └── gin</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── golang</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── kardianos</span><br><span class="line">│ │ │ └── govendor</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── mattn</span><br><span class="line">│ │ └── ugorji</span><br><span class="line">│ │ └── go</span><br><span class="line">│ ├── gopkg.in</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── go-playground</span><br><span class="line">│ │ │ └── validator.v8</span><br><span class="line">│ │ └── yaml.v2</span><br><span class="line">│ │ ├── apic.go</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="初始化项目目录"><a href="#初始化项目目录" class="headerlink" title="初始化项目目录"></a>初始化项目目录</h2><p>cat init_dir.sh<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">project_dir=(</span><br><span class="line">conf</span><br><span class="line">middleware</span><br><span class="line">models</span><br><span class="line">pkg</span><br><span class="line">routers</span><br><span class="line">runtime</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">pre_dir='gin-blog'</span><br><span class="line">for dir in ${project_dir[@]};</span><br><span class="line">do</span><br><span class="line">#echo $dir</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -v -p ${pre_dir}/${dir}</span><br><span class="line">done</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd src</span><br><span class="line">bash init_dir.sh</span><br><span class="line">tree gin-blog</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">gin-blog/</span><br><span class="line">├── conf</span><br><span class="line">├── middleware</span><br><span class="line">├── models</span><br><span class="line">├── pkg</span><br><span class="line">├── routers</span><br><span class="line">└── runtime</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>conf：用于存储配置文件<br>middleware：应用中间件<br>models：应用数据库模型<br>pkg：第三方包<br>routers 路由逻辑处理<br>runtime 应用运行时数据</p><h2 id="创建数据库"><a href="#创建数据库" class="headerlink" title="创建数据库"></a>创建数据库</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line">docker stop mysql && docker rm mysql</span><br><span class="line">docker run --restart=<span class="string">"always"</span> --name mysql -v /data/mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql -v /etc/mysql:/etc/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Pw123456 -p 3306:3306 -d mysql:5.7</span><br><span class="line">docker <span class="built_in">exec</span> -it mysql /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">mysql -uroot -p</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>创建库<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS blog default charset utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;</span><br><span class="line">use blog;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>标签表<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE TABLE `blog_tag` (</span><br><span class="line"> `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,</span><br><span class="line"> `name` varchar(100) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '标签名称',</span><br><span class="line"> `created_on` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '创建时间',</span><br><span class="line"> `created_by` varchar(100) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '创建人',</span><br><span class="line"> `modified_on` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '修改时间',</span><br><span class="line"> `modified_by` varchar(100) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '修改人',</span><br><span class="line"> `deleted_on` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0',</span><br><span class="line"> `state` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '状态 0为禁用、1为启用',</span><br><span class="line"> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)</span><br><span class="line">) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='文章标签管理';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>文章表<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE TABLE `blog_article` (</span><br><span class="line"> `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,</span><br><span class="line"> `tag_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '标签ID',</span><br><span class="line"> `title` varchar(100) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '文章标题',</span><br><span class="line"> `desc` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '简述',</span><br><span class="line"> `content` text,</span><br><span class="line"> `created_on` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,</span><br><span class="line"> `created_by` varchar(100) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '创建人',</span><br><span class="line"> `modified_on` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '修改时间',</span><br><span class="line"> `modified_by` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '修改人',</span><br><span class="line"> `deleted_on` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0',</span><br><span class="line"> `state` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '状态 0为禁用1为启用',</span><br><span class="line"> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)</span><br><span class="line">) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='文章管理';</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>认证表<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CREATE TABLE `blog_auth` (</span><br><span class="line"> `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,</span><br><span class="line"> `username` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '账号',</span><br><span class="line"> `password` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '密码',</span><br><span class="line"> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)</span><br><span class="line">) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">INSERT INTO `blog`.`blog_auth` (`id`, `username`, `password`) VALUES (null, 'test', 'test123456');</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="编写项目配置包"><a href="#编写项目配置包" class="headerlink" title="编写项目配置包"></a>编写项目配置包</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">go get -u github.com/go-ini/ini</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在gin-blog的conf目录下新建app.ini文件，写入内容：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#debug or release</span><br><span class="line">RUN_MODE = debug</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[app]</span><br><span class="line">PAGE_SIZE = 10</span><br><span class="line">JWT_SECRET = 164ebd68</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[server]</span><br><span class="line">HTTP_PORT = 8000</span><br><span class="line">READ_TIMEOUT = 60</span><br><span class="line">WRITE_TIMEOUT = 60</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[database]</span><br><span class="line">TYPE = mysql</span><br><span class="line">USER = root</span><br><span class="line">PASSWORD = Pw123456</span><br><span class="line">#127.0.0.1:3306</span><br><span class="line">HOST = 127.0.0.1:3306</span><br><span class="line">NAME = blog</span><br><span class="line">TABLE_PREFIX = blog_</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>建立调用配置的setting模块，在gin-blog的pkg目录下新建setting目录，新建setting.go文件，写入内容：<br>setting.go<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> setting</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"log"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"time"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"github.com/go-ini/ini"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> (</span><br><span class="line">Cfg *ini.File</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">RunMode <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">HTTPPort <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">ReadTimeout time.Duration</span><br><span class="line">WriteTimeout time.Duration</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PageSize <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">JwtSecret <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> err error</span><br><span class="line">Cfg, err = ini.Load(<span class="string">"conf/app.ini"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"Fail to parse 'conf/app.ini': %v"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LoadBase()</span><br><span class="line">LoadServer()</span><br><span class="line">LoadApp()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">LoadBase</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">RunMode = Cfg.Section(<span class="string">""</span>).Key(<span class="string">"RUN_MODE"</span>).MustString(<span class="string">"debug"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">LoadServer</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">sec, err := Cfg.GetSection(<span class="string">"server"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"Fail to get section 'server': %v"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">RunMode = Cfg.Section(<span class="string">""</span>).Key(<span class="string">"RUN_MODE"</span>).MustString(<span class="string">"debug"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">HTTPPort = sec.Key(<span class="string">"HTTP_PORT"</span>).MustInt(<span class="number">8000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">ReadTimeout = time.Duration(sec.Key(<span class="string">"READ_TIMEOUT"</span>).MustInt(<span class="number">60</span>)) * time.Second</span><br><span class="line">WriteTimeout = time.Duration(sec.Key(<span class="string">"WRITE_TIMEOUT"</span>).MustInt(<span class="number">60</span>)) * time.Second</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">LoadApp</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">sec, err := Cfg.GetSection(<span class="string">"app"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line">log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"Fail to get section 'app': %v"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">JwtSecret = sec.Key(<span class="string">"JWT_SECRET"</span>).MustString(<span class="string">"!@)*#)!@U#@*!@!)"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">PageSize = sec.Key(<span class="string">"PAGE_SIZE"</span>).MustInt(<span class="number">10</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>当前目录结构<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">../gin-blog/</span><br><span class="line">├── conf</span><br><span class="line">│ └── app.ini</span><br><span class="line">├── middleware</span><br><span class="line">├── models</span><br><span class="line">├── pkg</span><br><span class="line">│ └── setting</span><br><span class="line">│ └── setting.go</span><br><span class="line">├── routers</span><br><span class="line">└── runtime</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="编写API错误码包"><a href="#编写API错误码包" class="headerlink" title="编写API错误码包"></a>编写API错误码包</h2><p>建立错误码的e模块，在gin-blog的pkg目录下新建e目录，新建code.go和msg.go文件，写入内容：<br> code.go：<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> e</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> (</span><br><span class="line">SUCCESS = <span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR = <span class="number">500</span></span><br><span class="line">INVALID_PARAMS = <span class="number">400</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_EXIST_TAG = <span class="number">10001</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_NOT_EXIST_TAG = <span class="number">10002</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_NOT_EXIST_ARTICLE = <span class="number">10003</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_CHECK_TOKEN_FAIL = <span class="number">20001</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_CHECK_TOKEN_TIMEOUT = <span class="number">20002</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_TOKEN = <span class="number">20003</span></span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH = <span class="number">20004</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>msg.go:<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> e</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> MsgFlags = <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span> {</span><br><span class="line">SUCCESS : <span class="string">"ok"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR : <span class="string">"fail"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">INVALID_PARAMS : <span class="string">"请求参数错误"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_EXIST_TAG : <span class="string">"已存在该标签名称"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_NOT_EXIST_TAG : <span class="string">"该标签不存在"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_NOT_EXIST_ARTICLE : <span class="string">"该文章不存在"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_CHECK_TOKEN_FAIL : <span class="string">"Token鉴权失败"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_CHECK_TOKEN_TIMEOUT : <span class="string">"Token已超时"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH_TOKEN : <span class="string">"Token生成失败"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">ERROR_AUTH : <span class="string">"Token错误"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">GetMsg</span><span class="params">(code <span class="keyword">int</span>)</span> <span class="title">string</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">msg, ok := MsgFlags[code]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> ok {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> msg</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> MsgFlags[ERROR]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="编写工具包"><a href="#编写工具包" class="headerlink" title="编写工具包"></a>编写工具包</h2><p>在gin-blog的pkg目录下新建util目录<br>拉取com的依赖包<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">go get -u github.com/Unknwon/com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> gin </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
<tag> go-project </tag>
<tag> gin </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 3.37 面向对象</title>
<link href="/2019/05/31/golang/go-4-02-%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/31/golang/go-4-02-%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#同名字段和结构体匿名字段">同名字段和结构体匿名字段</a></li><li><a href="#结构体指针类型匿名字段">结构体指针类型匿名字段</a></li><li><a href="#面向过程与面向对象的区别">面向过程与面向对象的区别</a></li><li><a href="#方法表达式">方法表达式</a></li><li><a href="#接口定义和实现">接口定义和实现</a></li><li><a href="#多态的表现">多态的表现</a></li><li><a href="#接口继承">接口继承</a></li></ul><h2 id="同名字段和结构体匿名字段"><a href="#同名字段和结构体匿名字段" class="headerlink" title="同名字段和结构体匿名字段"></a>同名字段和结构体匿名字段</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> person <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">person <span class="comment">//只有类型，没有变量名，是匿名字段，继承了person的成员</span></span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> s student <span class="comment">//声明一个变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 就近原则：如果在本作用域中找到此成员，就操作此成员，如果没有找到，找到继承的字段</span></span><br><span class="line">s.name = <span class="string">"mike"</span> <span class="comment">//student name 属于同名字段，就近原则操作本作用域字段</span></span><br><span class="line">s.sex = <span class="string">'m'</span> <span class="comment">//person sex 就近原则，本作用域没有找到，操作person的字段</span></span><br><span class="line">s.age = <span class="number">18</span> <span class="comment">//person age 就近原则，本作用域没有找到，操作person的字段</span></span><br><span class="line">s.addr = <span class="string">"bj"</span> <span class="comment">//student add 就近原则，本作用域找到，操作student字段</span></span><br><span class="line">s.person.name = <span class="string">"jack"</span> <span class="comment">//person name 显式操作person字段</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"s = %+v\n"</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结构体指针类型匿名字段"><a href="#结构体指针类型匿名字段" class="headerlink" title="结构体指针类型匿名字段"></a>结构体指针类型匿名字段</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> person <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">*person <span class="comment">//指针类型</span></span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//直接使用取地址初始化指针类型</span></span><br><span class="line">s1 := student{&person{<span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>}, <span class="number">666</span>, <span class="string">"bj"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(s1.name, s1.sex, s1.age, s1.id, s1.addr)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//方法二：先定义变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> s student</span><br><span class="line">s.person = <span class="built_in">new</span>(person) <span class="comment">// 分配空间</span></span><br><span class="line">s.name = <span class="string">"yoyo"</span></span><br><span class="line">s.sex = <span class="string">'f'</span></span><br><span class="line">s.age = <span class="number">19</span></span><br><span class="line">s.addr = <span class="string">"sz"</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(s.name, s.sex, s.age, s.id, s.addr)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="面向过程与面向对象的区别"><a href="#面向过程与面向对象的区别" class="headerlink" title="面向过程与面向对象的区别"></a>面向过程与面向对象的区别</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 面向过程，实现2个数相加</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">Add01</span><span class="params">(a, b <span class="keyword">int</span>)</span> <span class="title">int</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> a + b</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> v <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="comment">// 面向对象，方法：给某个类型绑定一个函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 面向对象，把两个象相加</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// tmp为接收者，another为形参名，代表另一个对象，最后一个v代表反回值（对象）类型，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp v)</span> <span class="title">Add02</span><span class="params">(another v)</span> <span class="title">v</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> tmp + another</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> result <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">a := <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">b := <span class="number">20</span></span><br><span class="line">result = Add01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"result = "</span>, result)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj v = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">r := obj.Add02(<span class="number">100</span>)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"obj result = "</span>, r)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="方法表达式"><a href="#方法表达式" class="headerlink" title="方法表达式"></a>方法表达式</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> person <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(p person)</span> <span class="title">setInfoValue</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"setInfoValue:%p ,%v\n"</span>, &p, p)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(p *person)</span> <span class="title">setInfoPointer</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"setInfoPointer:%p ,%v\n"</span>, p, p)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">p := person{<span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>}</span><br><span class="line">f1 := p.setInfoPointer <span class="comment">//方法值</span></span><br><span class="line">f1() <span class="comment">// 隐藏接收者</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">f2 := (person).setInfoValue <span class="comment">// 方法表达式</span></span><br><span class="line">f2(p) <span class="comment">//显示把接受者传递进去</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">f3 := (*person).setInfoPointer</span><br><span class="line">f3(&p) <span class="comment">//显示把接受者传递进去</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="接口定义和实现"><a href="#接口定义和实现" class="headerlink" title="接口定义和实现"></a>接口定义和实现</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Human <span class="keyword">interface</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 方法，只有声明，没有实现，由别的类型（自定义类型）实现</span></span><br><span class="line">sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Student实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Student)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Student [%s,%d] sayhi\n"</span>, tmp.name, tmp.id)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Teacher <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">group <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Teacher实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Teacher)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Teacher [%s,%s] sayhi\n"</span>, tmp.addr, tmp.group)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> MyStr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Mystr实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *MyStr)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"MyStr [%s] sayhi\n"</span>, *tmp)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义接口类型的变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> i Human</span><br><span class="line">s := Student{<span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="number">666</span>}</span><br><span class="line">i = &s <span class="comment">// 只要是实现了此接口方法的类型，那么这个类型的变量（接收者类型）就可以给接口实例赋值</span></span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">t := &Teacher{<span class="string">"bj"</span>,<span class="string">"go"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">i = t</span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> str MyStr = <span class="string">"HELLO STR"</span></span><br><span class="line">i = &str</span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="多态的表现"><a href="#多态的表现" class="headerlink" title="多态的表现"></a>多态的表现</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">whoSayHi</span><span class="params">(i Human)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Human <span class="keyword">interface</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 方法，只有声明，没有实现，由别的类型（自定义类型）实现</span></span><br><span class="line">sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Student实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Student)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Student [%s,%d] sayhi\n"</span>, tmp.name, tmp.id)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Teacher <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">group <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Teacher实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Teacher)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Teacher [%s,%s] sayhi\n"</span>, tmp.addr, tmp.group)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> MyStr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Mystr实现了此方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *MyStr)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"MyStr [%s] sayhi\n"</span>, *tmp)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s := &Student{<span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="number">666</span>}</span><br><span class="line">t := &Teacher{<span class="string">"bj"</span>, <span class="string">"go"</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> str MyStr = <span class="string">"HELLO STR"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//调用同一个函数，不同的表现，多态(polymorphic)，多种形态</span></span><br><span class="line">whoSayHi(s)</span><br><span class="line">whoSayHi(t)</span><br><span class="line">whoSayHi(&str)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 创建一个切片</span></span><br><span class="line">x := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]Human, <span class="number">3</span>)</span><br><span class="line">x[<span class="number">0</span>] = s</span><br><span class="line">x[<span class="number">0</span>] = t</span><br><span class="line">x[<span class="number">0</span>] = &str</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//第一个返回下标，第二个返回下标所对应的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> _, i := <span class="keyword">range</span> x {</span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="接口继承"><a href="#接口继承" class="headerlink" title="接口继承"></a>接口继承</h2><p>4.22<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Human <span class="keyword">interface</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 方法，只有声明，没有实现，由别的类型（自定义类型）实现</span></span><br><span class="line">sayhi()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Person <span class="keyword">interface</span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//Human // 匿名字段，继承了sayhi()</span></span><br><span class="line">sing(lrc <span class="keyword">string</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Student实现了sayhi方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Student)</span> <span class="title">sayhi</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Student [%s,%d] sayhi\n"</span>, tmp.name, tmp.id)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Student实现了sing方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="params">(tmp *Student)</span> <span class="title">sing</span><span class="params">(lrc <span class="keyword">string</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Student [%s,%d] sing %s\n"</span>, tmp.name, tmp.id, lrc)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> i Person</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">s := &Student{<span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="number">666</span>} <span class="comment">// Student实现了sayhi方法，那么s就可以给接口实例i赋值</span></span><br><span class="line">i = s</span><br><span class="line">i.sayhi() <span class="comment">// 继承来的方法</span></span><br><span class="line">i.sing(<span class="string">"学生歌..."</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 3.37 struct</title>
<link href="/2019/05/31/golang/go-3-37-struct_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/31/golang/go-3-37-struct_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#struct普通变量初始化">struct普通变量初始化</a></li><li><a href="#struct指针变量初始化">struct指针变量初始化</a></li><li><a href="#结构体成员的使用指针变量">结构体成员的使用:指针变量</a></li><li><a href="#结构体比较和赋值">结构体比较和赋值</a></li><li><a href="#结构体做函数参数值传递">结构体做函数参数：值传递</a></li><li><a href="#结构体做函数参数地址传递">结构体做函数参数：地址传递</a></li></ul><h2 id="struct普通变量初始化"><a href="#struct普通变量初始化" class="headerlink" title="struct普通变量初始化"></a>struct普通变量初始化</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义一个结构体类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 顺序初始化结构体,每个成员必须初始化</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> s1 student = student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"bj"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1 = "</span>, s1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 指定成员初始化，没有初始化的成员，自动赋值为0</span></span><br><span class="line">s2 := student{name: <span class="string">"mike"</span>, addr: <span class="string">"bj"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s2 = "</span>, s2)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="struct指针变量初始化"><a href="#struct指针变量初始化" class="headerlink" title="struct指针变量初始化"></a>struct指针变量初始化</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 顺序初始化结构体,每个成员必须初始化，别忘了&</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> p1 *student = &student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"bj"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"p1 = "</span>, p1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 指定成员初始化，没有初始化的成员，自动赋值为0</span></span><br><span class="line">p2 := &student{name: <span class="string">"mike"</span>, addr: <span class="string">"bj"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"p2 = "</span>, p2)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结构体成员的使用-指针变量"><a href="#结构体成员的使用-指针变量" class="headerlink" title="结构体成员的使用:指针变量"></a>结构体成员的使用:指针变量</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> m{</span><br><span class="line">id intm</span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 指针有合法指向后才能操作成员</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义一个普通的结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> s student</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义一个指针变量，保存s的地址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> p1 *student</span><br><span class="line">p1 = &s</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 能过指针操作成员，p1.id和(*p1).id完全等价，只能使用.运算</span></span><br><span class="line">p1.id = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">(*p1).name = <span class="string">"mike"</span></span><br><span class="line">p1.sex = <span class="string">'m'</span></span><br><span class="line">p1.age = <span class="number">18</span></span><br><span class="line">p1.addr = <span class="string">"bj"</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"p1 = "</span>, p1)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s.id = "</span>, s.id) <span class="comment">// 普通变量操作</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过new申请一个结构体</span></span><br><span class="line">p2 := <span class="built_in">new</span>(student)</span><br><span class="line">p2.id = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">p2.name = <span class="string">"Penny"</span></span><br><span class="line">p2.sex = <span class="string">'f'</span></span><br><span class="line">p2.age = <span class="number">19</span></span><br><span class="line">p2.addr = <span class="string">"bj"</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"p2 = "</span>, p2)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>打印结果：</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p1 = &{1 mike 109 18 bj}</span><br><span class="line">s.id = 1</span><br><span class="line">p2 = &{2 Penny 102 19 bj}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结构体比较和赋值"><a href="#结构体比较和赋值" class="headerlink" title="结构体比较和赋值"></a>结构体比较和赋值</h2><p>比较：<br>如果结构体的所有成员都是可以比较的，那么结构体也是可以比较的，<br>那么两个结构体将可以使用==或!=运算符进行比较，但不支持 < 或 > 。</p><p>赋值：<br>同类型的两个结构体变量可以相互赋值</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义一个结构体类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s1 := student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"sz"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">s2 := student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"sz"</span>}</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1 == s2"</span>, s1 == s2)</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1 != s2"</span>, s1 != s2)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> tmp student</span><br><span class="line"> tmp = s2</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(<span class="string">"tmp = "</span>, tmp)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结构体做函数参数：值传递"><a href="#结构体做函数参数：值传递" class="headerlink" title="结构体做函数参数：值传递"></a>结构体做函数参数：值传递</h2><p>值传递，形参无法改变实参</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义一个结构体类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> student <span class="keyword">struct</span> {</span><br><span class="line">id <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">name <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">sex <span class="keyword">byte</span></span><br><span class="line">age <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">addr <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">test01</span><span class="params">(s student)</span></span> { <span class="comment">//值传递，形参无法改变实参</span></span><br><span class="line">s.id = <span class="number">666</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"test01: s = "</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s := student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"sz"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">test01(s)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:s ="</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结构体做函数参数：地址传递"><a href="#结构体做函数参数：地址传递" class="headerlink" title="结构体做函数参数：地址传递"></a>结构体做函数参数：地址传递</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">test02</span><span class="params">(s *student)</span></span> { <span class="comment">//地址传递（引用传递），形参可以改变实参</span></span><br><span class="line">s.id = <span class="number">666</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"test02: s = "</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s := student{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">"mike"</span>, <span class="string">'m'</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="string">"sz"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">test01(&s)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:s ="</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go project 家庭财务收支记录</title>
<link href="/2019/05/26/golang/go-project-%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E8%B4%A2%E5%8A%A1%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/26/golang/go-project-%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E8%B4%A2%E5%8A%A1%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#面向过程的方式编写">面向过程的方式编写</a></li><li><a href="#面向对象的方式编写">面向对象的方式编写</a></li></ul><h2 id="面向过程的方式编写"><a href="#面向过程的方式编写" class="headerlink" title="面向过程的方式编写"></a>面向过程的方式编写</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">var choice string // 用户输入</span><br><span class="line">loop := true // 控制是否退出for循环</span><br><span class="line">flag := false // 当有收支行为是，置为true</span><br><span class="line">var money float64 // 发生收支行为的金额</span><br><span class="line">var note string // 发生收支行为的说明</span><br><span class="line">var balance float64 // 余额</span><br><span class="line">detail := "收支\t收支金额\t帐户余额\t说明" // 记录所有收支明细</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">for {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("\n--------------家庭收支记帐软件--------------")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("1-收支明细")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("2-登记收入")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("3-登记支出")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("4-退出程序")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("请选择(1-4):")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&choice)</span><br><span class="line">switch choice {</span><br><span class="line">case "1":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("\n--------------当前收支明细记录--------------")</span><br><span class="line">if flag {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(detail)</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("还没有收支明细，来一笔吧")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">case "2":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次收入金额：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&money)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次收入说明：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&note)</span><br><span class="line">balance += money</span><br><span class="line">detail += fmt.Sprintf("\n收入\t%v\t%v\t%v", money, balance, note)</span><br><span class="line">flag = true</span><br><span class="line">case "3":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次支出金额：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&money)</span><br><span class="line">if money <= balance {</span><br><span class="line">balance -= money</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次支出说明：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&note)</span><br><span class="line">detail += fmt.Sprintf("\n支出\t%v\t%v\t%v", money, balance, note)</span><br><span class="line">flag = true</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("您的余额不足，不能完成此笔支出")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">case "4":</span><br><span class="line">for {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("确定退出系统吗y/n？")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&choice)</span><br><span class="line">if choice == "y" || choice == "n" {</span><br><span class="line">break</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("您的输入有误")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">if choice == "y" {</span><br><span class="line">loop = false</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">default:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("输入不正确，请输入正确选项")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">if loop == false {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("感谢您使用家庭收支记账软件")</span><br><span class="line">break</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="面向对象的方式编写"><a href="#面向对象的方式编写" class="headerlink" title="面向对象的方式编写"></a>面向对象的方式编写</h2><p><strong>目录结构：</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">family_account/</span><br><span class="line">├── main.go</span><br><span class="line">└── util</span><br><span class="line"> └── family_account.go</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p><strong>util/family_account.go</strong></p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package util</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">type familyAccount struct {</span><br><span class="line">choice string // 用户输入</span><br><span class="line">loop bool // 控制是否退出for循环</span><br><span class="line">flag bool // 当有收支行为是，置为true</span><br><span class="line">money float64 // 发生收支行为的金额</span><br><span class="line">note string // 发生收支行为的说明</span><br><span class="line">balance float64 // 余额</span><br><span class="line">detail string</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func NewFamilyAccount() *familyAccount {</span><br><span class="line">return &familyAccount{</span><br><span class="line">choice: "", // 用户输入</span><br><span class="line">loop: true, // 控制是否退出for循环</span><br><span class="line">flag: false, // 当有收支行为是，置为true</span><br><span class="line">money: 0.0, // 发生收支行为的金额</span><br><span class="line">note: "", // 发生收支行为的说明</span><br><span class="line">balance: 0.0, // 余额</span><br><span class="line">detail: "收支\t收支金额\t帐户余额\t说明", // 记录所有收支明细</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func (this *familyAccount) showdetails() {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("\n--------------当前收支明细记录--------------")</span><br><span class="line">if this.flag {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(this.detail)</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("还没有收支明细，来一笔吧")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func (this *familyAccount) income() {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次收入金额：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.money)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次收入说明：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.note)</span><br><span class="line">this.balance += this.money</span><br><span class="line">this.detail += fmt.Sprintf("\n收入\t%v\t%v\t%v", this.money, this.balance, this.note)</span><br><span class="line">this.flag = true</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">func (this *familyAccount) pay() {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次支出金额：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.money)</span><br><span class="line">if this.money <= this.balance {</span><br><span class="line">this.balance -= this.money</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("本次支出说明：")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.note)</span><br><span class="line">this.detail += fmt.Sprintf("\n支出\t%v\t%v\t%v", this.money, this.balance, this.note)</span><br><span class="line">this.flag = true</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("您的余额不足，不能完成此笔支出")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func (this *familyAccount) exit() {</span><br><span class="line">for {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("确定退出系统吗y/n？")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.choice)</span><br><span class="line">if this.choice == "y" || this.choice == "n" {</span><br><span class="line">break</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("您的输入有误")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">if this.choice == "y" {</span><br><span class="line">this.loop = false</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">func (this *familyAccount) MainMenu() {</span><br><span class="line">for {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("\n--------------家庭收支记帐软件--------------")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("1-收支明细")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("2-登记收入")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("3-登记支出")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("4-退出程序")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("请选择(1-4):")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&this.choice)</span><br><span class="line">switch this.choice {</span><br><span class="line">case "1":</span><br><span class="line">this.showdetails()</span><br><span class="line">case "2":</span><br><span class="line">this.income()</span><br><span class="line">case "3":</span><br><span class="line">this.pay()</span><br><span class="line">case "4":</span><br><span class="line">this.exit()</span><br><span class="line">default:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("输入不正确，请输入正确选项")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">if this.loop == false {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("感谢您使用家庭收支记账软件")</span><br><span class="line">break</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><strong>main.go</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line"> "family_account/util"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">util.NewFamilyAccount().MainMenu()</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
<tag> go-project </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 3.31 map</title>
<link href="/2019/05/25/golang/go-3-31-map_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/25/golang/go-3-31-map_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#map的基本使用">map的基本使用</a></li><li><a href="#map遍列">map遍列</a></li><li><a href="#delete删除key">delete删除key</a></li><li><a href="#map作函数参数">map作函数参数</a></li></ul><h2 id="map的基本使用"><a href="#map的基本使用" class="headerlink" title="map的基本使用"></a>map的基本使用</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> m1 <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="comment">// var声明一个map</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m1 = "</span>, m1)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"len(m1) = "</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(m1)) <span class="comment">//map只有len,没有cap</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可以通过make创建</span></span><br><span class="line">m2 := <span class="built_in">make</span>(<span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m2 = "</span>, m2)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"len(m2) = "</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(m2))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可以通过make创建,指定长度，但是一个元素也没有,长度仍然为0,相当于指定的容量</span></span><br><span class="line">m3 := <span class="built_in">make</span>(<span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>, <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">m3[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">"a"</span> <span class="comment">//map操作</span></span><br><span class="line">m3[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"a"</span></span><br><span class="line">m3[<span class="number">3</span>] = <span class="string">"a"</span></span><br><span class="line">m3[<span class="number">4</span>] = <span class="string">"a"</span></span><br><span class="line">m3[<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">"b"</span> <span class="comment">// 键值是唯一的，如果键的值已经存在，再次赋值就修改，如果不存在，则增加</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m3 = "</span>, m3)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"len(m3) = "</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(m3))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// map初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">m4 := <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>{<span class="number">1</span>: <span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="string">"b"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m4 = "</span>, m4)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"len(m4) = "</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(m4))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="map遍列"><a href="#map遍列" class="headerlink" title="map遍列"></a>map遍列</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">m := <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>{<span class="number">1</span>: <span class="string">"aaa"</span>, <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="string">"bbb"</span>, <span class="number">3</span>: <span class="string">"ccc"</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//通过range返回key,value键值对</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> key, value := <span class="keyword">range</span> m {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"%d ===> %s\n"</span>, key, value)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如何判断一个key是否存在</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 返回值value为key 0 对应的值，返回值ok为key 0是否存在的条件，返回值ok为true,表示存在</span></span><br><span class="line">value, ok := m[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> ok == <span class="literal">true</span> {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m[1]="</span>, value)</span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">else</span>{</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"m[0] not exists"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="delete删除key"><a href="#delete删除key" class="headerlink" title="delete删除key"></a>delete删除key</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> m := <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>{<span class="number">1</span>: <span class="string">"aaa"</span>, <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="string">"bbb"</span>, <span class="number">3</span>: <span class="string">"ccc"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">key := <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">delete</span>(m, key)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(m)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="map作函数参数"><a href="#map作函数参数" class="headerlink" title="map作函数参数"></a>map作函数参数</h2><p>map作函数参数时是引用传递</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">mondify_key</span><span class="params">(m <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">delete</span>(m, <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">m[<span class="number">3</span>] = <span class="string">"ddd"</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">m := <span class="keyword">map</span>[<span class="keyword">int</span>]<span class="keyword">string</span>{<span class="number">1</span>: <span class="string">"aaa"</span>, <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="string">"bbb"</span>, <span class="number">3</span>: <span class="string">"ccc"</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(m)</span><br><span class="line">mondify_key(m) <span class="comment">// 作函数参数</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(m)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 3.08 数组</title>
<link href="/2019/05/22/golang/go-3-08-%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/22/golang/go-3-08-%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#数组">数组</a></li><li><a href="#基本操作">基本操作</a></li><li><a href="#二维数组">二维数组</a></li><li><a href="#数组支持比较">数组支持比较</a></li><li><a href="#同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值">同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值</a></li><li><a href="#随机数的使用">随机数的使用</a></li><li><a href="#冒泡排序代码的实现">冒泡排序代码的实现</a></li><li><a href="#数组作函数参数">数组作函数参数</a></li><li><a href="#数组指针作函数参数">数组指针作函数参数</a></li><li><a href="#数组与切片的区别">数组与切片的区别</a></li><li><a href="#切片的创建">切片的创建</a></li><li><a href="#切片截取">切片截取</a></li><li><a href="#append函数的使用">append函数的使用</a></li><li><a href="#copy函数的使用">copy函数的使用</a></li><li><a href="#切片作函数参数">切片作函数参数</a></li><li><a href="#取出数字的每一位">取出数字的每一位</a></li></ul><h2 id="数组"><a href="#数组" class="headerlink" title="数组"></a>数组</h2><p>数组是同一个类型的数据集合</p><h2 id="基本操作"><a href="#基本操作" class="headerlink" title="基本操作"></a>基本操作</h2><p>初始化与遍列<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a [<span class="number">10</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="comment">//只是声明，未初始化，未初始化的数组元素默认为0</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b [<span class="number">6</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> = [<span class="number">6</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>, <span class="number">40</span>} <span class="comment">// 部份初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"b = "</span>, b)</span><br><span class="line">c := [<span class="number">6</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>, <span class="number">40</span>} <span class="comment">// 部份初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"c = "</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">d := [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">40</span>, <span class="number">50</span>} <span class="comment">// 全部初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"d = "</span>, d)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> e := [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">0</span>: <span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">2</span>: <span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="number">4</span>: <span class="number">10</span>} <span class="comment">// 指定下标为0,2,4的元素初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"e = "</span>, e)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//通过下标获取元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="built_in">len</span>(b); i++ {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"index:b[%d] = %d\n"</span>, i, b[i])</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通过range遍列数组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i, data := <span class="keyword">range</span> b {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"range:b[%d] = %d\n"</span>, i, data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="二维数组"><a href="#二维数组" class="headerlink" title="二维数组"></a>二维数组</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 有多少个[]，就是多少维</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 有多少个[],就用多少个循环</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a [<span class="number">3</span>][<span class="number">4</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="comment">//只是声明，未初始化，未初始化的数组元素默认为0</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">data := <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">3</span>; i++ {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> j := <span class="number">0</span>; j < <span class="number">4</span>; j++ {</span><br><span class="line">data++</span><br><span class="line">a[i][j] = data</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 二维数组初始化部分元素</span></span><br><span class="line"> b := [<span class="number">3</span>][<span class="number">4</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>}}</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(<span class="string">"b = "</span>, b)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 二维数组指定元素初始化</span></span><br><span class="line"> c := [<span class="number">3</span>][<span class="number">4</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">2</span>: {<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>: <span class="number">100</span>}}</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(<span class="string">"c = "</span>, c)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="数组支持比较"><a href="#数组支持比较" class="headerlink" title="数组支持比较"></a>数组支持比较</h2><p>只支持：==，！=</p><h2 id="同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值"><a href="#同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值" class="headerlink" title="同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值"></a>同类型且同长度的数组可以赋值</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a := [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">3</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">b = a</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"b = "</span>, b)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="随机数的使用"><a href="#随机数的使用" class="headerlink" title="随机数的使用"></a>随机数的使用</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"math/rand"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"time"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 设置随机种子，只需要设置一次</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置随机的种子，如果种子不变，则每次产生的随机数都一样</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 所以以时间的变化设置变化的种子，以产生不同的随机数</span></span><br><span class="line">rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">5</span>; i++ {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"rand = "</span>, rand.Intn(<span class="number">100</span>)) <span class="comment">// 产生100以内的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"rand = "</span>, rand.Int()) <span class="comment">// 产生很大的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="冒泡排序代码的实现"><a href="#冒泡排序代码的实现" class="headerlink" title="冒泡排序代码的实现"></a>冒泡排序代码的实现</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">a := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">34</span>, <span class="number">330</span>, <span class="number">56</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">23</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="built_in">len</span>(a)<span class="number">-1</span>; i++ {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> j := <span class="number">0</span>; j < <span class="built_in">len</span>(a)-i<span class="number">-1</span>; j++ { <span class="comment">//每一轮把最大的最到放到后面</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> a[j] > a[j+<span class="number">1</span>] {</span><br><span class="line">a[j], a[j+<span class="number">1</span>] = a[j+<span class="number">1</span>], a[j]</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"math/rand"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"time"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a [<span class="number">10</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="built_in">len</span>(a); i++ {</span><br><span class="line">a[i] = rand.Intn(<span class="number">100</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="built_in">len</span>(a)<span class="number">-1</span>; i++ {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> j := i + <span class="number">1</span>; j < <span class="built_in">len</span>(a); j++ {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> a[i] < a[j] {</span><br><span class="line">a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="数组作函数参数"><a href="#数组作函数参数" class="headerlink" title="数组作函数参数"></a>数组作函数参数</h2><p>数组作为函数参数，是值拷贝</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">modify</span><span class="params">(a [5]<span class="keyword">int</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">a[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">666</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"modify: a= "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> = [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">modify(a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="数组指针作函数参数"><a href="#数组指针作函数参数" class="headerlink" title="数组指针作函数参数"></a>数组指针作函数参数</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// p代表指针所指的内存地址，就是实参a</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">modify_pointer</span><span class="params">(p *[5]<span class="keyword">int</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">(*p)[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">888</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"modify_pointer: p= "</span>, *p)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> = [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">modify_pointer(&a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main modify_pointer:a = "</span>, a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="数组与切片的区别"><a href="#数组与切片的区别" class="headerlink" title="数组与切片的区别"></a>数组与切片的区别</h2><p>数组[]是是固定的一个常量，数组不能修改长度(len)和容量(cap)<br>切片[]中为空时，或者为…时，切片的长度（len）或容量（cap）可以不固定</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">a := [<span class="number">5</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"a:len(a)=%d,cap(a)=%d\n"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(a), <span class="built_in">cap</span>(a))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">s := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">23</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"s:len(s)=%d,cap(s)=%d\n"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(s), <span class="built_in">cap</span>(s))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//给切片追加一个成员，长度自动加1,容量自动增加到原来的2倍</span></span><br><span class="line">s = <span class="built_in">append</span>(s, <span class="number">1000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"s:s=%v\n"</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"s:len(s)=%d,cap(s)=%d\n"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(s), <span class="built_in">cap</span>(s))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="切片的创建"><a href="#切片的创建" class="headerlink" title="切片的创建"></a>切片的创建</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 自动推导类型，创建并初始化</span></span><br><span class="line">s1 := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1="</span>, s1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 使用make创建切片,格式：make([]类型，长度，容量)</span></span><br><span class="line">s2 := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">10</span>)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"len=%d,cap = %d\n"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(s2), <span class="built_in">cap</span>(s2))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 没有指定容量，那么容量长度一样</span></span><br><span class="line">s3 := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"len=%d,cap = %d\n"</span>, <span class="built_in">len</span>(s3), <span class="built_in">cap</span>(s3))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="切片截取"><a href="#切片截取" class="headerlink" title="切片截取"></a>切片截取</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s1 := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s[n]: s1[1] = "</span>, s1[<span class="number">1</span>]) <span class="comment">// 截取索引位置为n的成员</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1[:]: s1[:] = "</span>, s1[:]) <span class="comment">// 从0到最后一个索引成员的截取</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1[low:]: s1[1:] = "</span>, s1[<span class="number">1</span>:]) <span class="comment">// 从low到len(s1)-1处所获得的切片</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1[:high]: s1[:3] = "</span>, s1[:<span class="number">3</span>]) <span class="comment">// 从0到high所获得的切片:len=high</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1[low:high]: s1[2:4] = "</span>, s1[<span class="number">2</span>:<span class="number">4</span>]) <span class="comment">// 从low到high获取的切片：len=high-low</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1[low:high:max]: s1[2:4:5] = "</span>, s1[<span class="number">2</span>:<span class="number">4</span>:<span class="number">5</span>]) <span class="comment">// 从low到high获取的切片:len=high-low,cap = max-low</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 切片长度总是 <= 切片容量： len(s) < cap(s)</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 切片容量总是 >= 切片长度: cap(s) >= len(s)</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>不管切片如何操作，最终都是操作的底层数组<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s = "</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">s1 := s[<span class="number">2</span>:<span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s[2:4] = s1 = "</span>, s1)</span><br><span class="line">s1[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">666</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s1 = "</span>, s1)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s = "</span>, s)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="append函数的使用"><a href="#append函数的使用" class="headerlink" title="append函数的使用"></a>append函数的使用</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> s [] <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">s = <span class="built_in">append</span>(s,<span class="number">1</span>) <span class="comment">// 追加一个元素</span></span><br><span class="line">s = <span class="built_in">append</span>(s,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>) <span class="comment">// 追加3个元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// append会智能的增加底层数组的容量：一旦超过原底层数组容量，通常以2倍的容量重新分配底层数组，并复制原来的数据</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="copy函数的使用"><a href="#copy函数的使用" class="headerlink" title="copy函数的使用"></a>copy函数的使用</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">src_slice := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>}</span><br><span class="line">dst_slice := []<span class="keyword">int</span>{<span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">6</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">copy</span>(dst_slice, src_slice) <span class="comment">//注意目标在前，源在后</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(dst_slice) <span class="comment">// 只是相同索引的 目标成员 被替换为 源切片成员</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="切片作函数参数"><a href="#切片作函数参数" class="headerlink" title="切片作函数参数"></a>切片作函数参数</h2><p>切片作函数参数，传递的是引用,函数中对传入的变量的修改会作用于函数之外的变量值</p><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">slice_args</span><span class="params">(s []<span class="keyword">int</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">666</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">slice_args(s) <span class="comment">// 切片作函数参数，传递的是引用，所以值会被调用函数改变</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(s)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="取出数字的每一位"><a href="#取出数字的每一位" class="headerlink" title="取出数字的每一位"></a>取出数字的每一位</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"math/rand"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"time"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">GetNum</span><span class="params">(s []<span class="keyword">int</span>, num <span class="keyword">int</span>)</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">s[<span class="number">0</span>] = num / <span class="number">1000</span> <span class="comment">// 取千位</span></span><br><span class="line">s[<span class="number">1</span>] = num % <span class="number">1000</span> / <span class="number">100</span> <span class="comment">// 取百位</span></span><br><span class="line">s[<span class="number">2</span>] = num % <span class="number">1000</span> % <span class="number">100</span> / <span class="number">10</span> <span class="comment">// 取百位</span></span><br><span class="line">s[<span class="number">3</span>] = num % <span class="number">1000</span> % <span class="number">100</span> % <span class="number">10</span> <span class="comment">// 取百位</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line">rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())</span><br><span class="line">num := rand.Intn(<span class="number">1000</span>) <span class="comment">//创建一个1000以内的随机数</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"main:num ="</span>, num)</span><br><span class="line">s := <span class="built_in">make</span>([]<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="number">4</span>) <span class="comment">//创建一个保存4个成员的切片</span></span><br><span class="line">GetNum(s, num) <span class="comment">//将切片与数字传入函数</span></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(<span class="string">"s="</span>, s) <span class="comment">// 得到随机数的每一位，保存到切片之中</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 3.02 指针</title>
<link href="/2019/05/21/golang/go-3-02-%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/21/golang/go-3-02-%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#变量内存和指针地址">变量内存和指针地址</a></li><li><a href="#指针的基本使用">指针的基本使用</a></li><li><a href="#不要操作没有合法指向的内存">不要操作没有合法指向的内存</a></li><li><a href="#new函数的使用">new函数的使用</a></li><li><a href="#值传递与地址传递">值传递与地址传递</a></li></ul><h2 id="变量内存和指针地址"><a href="#变量内存和指针地址" class="headerlink" title="变量内存和指针地址"></a>变量内存和指针地址</h2><p>指针是一个代表着某个内存地址的值。这个内存地址往往是在内存中存储的另一个变量的值的起始位置。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">// 每个变量有两层含义：变量的内存， 变量的地址</span><br><span class="line">var a int = 10</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("a = %d \n", a) // 变量的内存</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("&a = %v \n", &a) // 取地址，取变量a的内存地址</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>打个比喻帮助理解：<br>内存 -> 想像成教室<br>&a -> 想像成教室的门牌号<br>教室 存放 桌子<br>内存存放数据： a = 10</p><h2 id="指针的基本使用"><a href="#指针的基本使用" class="headerlink" title="指针的基本使用"></a>指针的基本使用</h2><p>保存某个变量的地址，需要指针类型<br>如：*int保存int的地址，**int保存*int的地址<br>声明指针类型:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main(){</span><br><span class="line"> var a int = 10</span><br><span class="line"> var p *int //声明p为指针类型</span><br><span class="line">p = &a</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("p = %v, &a = %v \n", p, &a)</span><br><span class="line">*p = 666 // *p操作的不是p的内存，是p所指向的内存（就是a）</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("*p = %v, a=%v\n", *p, a)</span><br><span class="line">var q **int // 声明一个指针的指针q</span><br><span class="line">q = &p // 把p的内存地址赋值给q</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("q = %v,&p = %v\n", q, &p)</span><br><span class="line"> var b int = 20</span><br><span class="line">*q = &b // 使用*q操作p的值，即让p指向b的内存地址</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("*p= %v", *p) //由于p的指向变成了b的地址,所以这里*p就变成了b的值</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="不要操作没有合法指向的内存"><a href="#不要操作没有合法指向的内存" class="headerlink" title="不要操作没有合法指向的内存"></a>不要操作没有合法指向的内存</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">// 不要操作没有合法指向的内存（空批针）</span><br><span class="line">var p *int</span><br><span class="line">p = nil</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("p = %v\n", p)</span><br><span class="line">*p = 666 // panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference</span><br><span class="line"> // 这样操作没有合法向的内存会崩溃</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="new函数的使用"><a href="#new函数的使用" class="headerlink" title="new函数的使用"></a>new函数的使用</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">var p *int // 声明p为指针类型</span><br><span class="line">p = new(int) // p 指向合法内存,有合法内存后，可以操作内存</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf("p = %v\n", p)</span><br><span class="line">*p = 666 //可以操作内存</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("*p = %v \n", *p)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="值传递与地址传递"><a href="#值传递与地址传递" class="headerlink" title="值传递与地址传递"></a>值传递与地址传递</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func swap(a, b int) {</span><br><span class="line">a, b = b, a</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("swap:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func swap02(p1, p2 *int) {</span><br><span class="line">*p1, *p2 = *p2, *p1</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("swap02:*p1=%d,*p2=%d\n", *p1, *p2)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">var a, b int = 10, 20</span><br><span class="line">swap(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("main:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b)</span><br><span class="line">swap02(&a, &b) //通过地址交换，从而改变了a,b的内容</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("main:a=%d,b=%d\n", a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 2.19 调用</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-2-19-%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-2-19-%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#defer">defer</a></li><li><a href="#defer与匿名函数结合">defer与匿名函数结合</a></li><li><a href="#获取取命令行参数">获取取命令行参数</a></li><li><a href="#包的导入">包的导入</a></li><li><a href="#给导入的包起别名">给导入的包起别名</a></li><li><a href="#导入包的使用">导入包的使用</a></li><li><a href="#关于包的约定">关于包的约定</a></li><li><a href="#下划线引包">下划线引包</a></li></ul><h2 id="defer"><a href="#defer" class="headerlink" title="defer"></a>defer</h2><p>如果一个函数中有多个defer,它们会以LIFO(先进后出)的顺序调用，<br>即使其中有defer调用过程中发生错误，这些调用依旧会执行</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">defer fmt.Println("in defer") //延迟调用，在main函数结束前调用</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func test(x int) {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(100 / x)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">defer fmt.Println("in defer") //延迟调用，在main函数结束前调用</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main")</span><br><span class="line">defer fmt.Println("aa")</span><br><span class="line">defer test(0) //这个调用会出现panic，但是后面的defer调用依旧会执行</span><br><span class="line">defer fmt.Println("bb")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="defer与匿名函数结合"><a href="#defer与匿名函数结合" class="headerlink" title="defer与匿名函数结合"></a>defer与匿名函数结合</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 10</span><br><span class="line">b := 20</span><br><span class="line">defer func(a, b int) {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in defer func a=", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in defer func b=", b)</span><br><span class="line">}(a, b) //只是传入参数，但未执行，所以执行结果是a=10,b=20,都是未改变的值</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a = 110</span><br><span class="line">b = 220</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main a=", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main b=", b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 10</span><br><span class="line">b := 20</span><br><span class="line">defer func() {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in defer func a=", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in defer func b=", b)</span><br><span class="line">}() // 匿名调用 ，调用的是最近变量，所以这里是调用的改变后的a,b的值:110,220</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a = 110</span><br><span class="line">b = 220</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main a=", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("in main b=", b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="获取取命令行参数"><a href="#获取取命令行参数" class="headerlink" title="获取取命令行参数"></a>获取取命令行参数</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">"os"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">list := os.Args</span><br><span class="line">for i, data := range list {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("os.Args[%v]= %v\n", i, data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="包的导入"><a href="#包的导入" class="headerlink" title="包的导入"></a>包的导入</h2><p>导入的包必须使用，否则编译不能通过</p><h2 id="给导入的包起别名"><a href="#给导入的包起别名" class="headerlink" title="给导入的包起别名"></a>给导入的包起别名</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">io "fmt" //别名放于包名之前，用空格分隔</span><br><span class="line">"os"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">list := os.Args</span><br><span class="line">for i, data := range list {</span><br><span class="line">io.Printf("os.Args[%v]= %v\n", i, data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="导入包的使用"><a href="#导入包的使用" class="headerlink" title="导入包的使用"></a>导入包的使用</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">. "fmt" // 使用点代替导入的包史，引用时直接使用不用再写包名</span><br><span class="line">. "os"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">list := Args // 不写包名，直接使用</span><br><span class="line">for i, data := range list {</span><br><span class="line">Printf("os.Args[%v]= %v\n", i, data) // 不写包名</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="关于包的约定"><a href="#关于包的约定" class="headerlink" title="关于包的约定"></a>关于包的约定</h2><p>1）分文件编程（多个源文件），必须放在src目录<br>2）设置GOPATH环境变量，$GOPATH环境变量必须包括到src的上一级目录<br>3) 同一个目录，包名必须一样<br>4）go env查看go相关的环境路径<br>5) 同一个目录，调用别的文件的函数，无需包名引用，直接调用即可</p><h2 id="下划线引包"><a href="#下划线引包" class="headerlink" title="下划线引包"></a>下划线引包</h2><p>有时，用户可能需要导入一个包，但是不需要引用这个包里的标识符，在这种情况下，可以使用空白标识符_来重命名这个导入<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line"> _ "fmt"</span><br><span class="line"> )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>这个操作其实是引用该包，而不直接使用包里的函数，而是调用了该包的init函数</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 2.04 函数</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-2-04-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-2-04-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#普通函数">普通函数</a></li><li><a href="#不定参数函数">不定参数函数</a></li><li><a href="#固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时形参只能放最后">固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时，形参只能放最后</a></li><li><a href="#有返回值函数给返回值起变量名">有返回值函数,给返回值起变量名</a></li><li><a href="#有返回值函数未给返回值起变量名">有返回值函数,未给返回值起变量名</a></li><li><a href="#递归函数调用流程">递归函数调用流程</a></li><li><a href="#使用type定义函数为一种类型">使用type定义函数为一种类型</a></li><li><a href="#匿名函数">匿名函数</a></li></ul><p>函数定义说明：<br>1）函数由关键字func开始声明<br>2）函数首字母小写即为private, 首字母大写即为public<br>3）不支持默认参数</p><h2 id="普通函数"><a href="#普通函数" class="headerlink" title="普通函数"></a>普通函数</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func MyFunc01(a, b int) {</span><br><span class="line">// 等价于func MyFunc01(a int, b int) {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">MyFunc01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="不定参数函数"><a href="#不定参数函数" class="headerlink" title="不定参数函数"></a>不定参数函数</h2><p>函数的传递参数的个数不定，类型确定为同一种类型<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 传递的参数可能是0个或多个</span><br><span class="line">func MyFunc01(args ...int) {</span><br><span class="line">for _, data := range args {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">MyFunc01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时，形参只能放最后"><a href="#固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时，形参只能放最后" class="headerlink" title="固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时，形参只能放最后"></a>固定参数与不定参数函数同时写时，形参只能放最后</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func MyFunc01(a int, args ...int) {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("a = ", a)</span><br><span class="line">for _, data := range args {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("args element value:", data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">MyFunc01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="有返回值函数-给返回值起变量名"><a href="#有返回值函数-给返回值起变量名" class="headerlink" title="有返回值函数,给返回值起变量名"></a>有返回值函数,给返回值起变量名</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func MyFunc01(a, b int) (result_1, result_2 int) { // 给返回值起变量名</span><br><span class="line">result_1, result_2 = a, b</span><br><span class="line">return</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">c, d := MyFunc01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(c)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(d)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="有返回值函数-未给返回值起变量名"><a href="#有返回值函数-未给返回值起变量名" class="headerlink" title="有返回值函数,未给返回值起变量名"></a>有返回值函数,未给返回值起变量名</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func MyFunc01(a, b int) (int, int) { // 不给返回值起变量名，只有返回类型</span><br><span class="line">return a,b</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">c, d := MyFunc01(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(c)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(d)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="递归函数调用流程"><a href="#递归函数调用流程" class="headerlink" title="递归函数调用流程"></a>递归函数调用流程</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func MyFunc01(a int) {</span><br><span class="line">if a == 1 {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("a =", a)</span><br><span class="line">return //终止函数调用</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">MyFunc01(a - 1)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("a =", a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 3</span><br><span class="line">MyFunc01(a)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>执行结果：<br>a = 1<br>a = 2<br>a = 3</p><h2 id="使用type定义函数为一种类型"><a href="#使用type定义函数为一种类型" class="headerlink" title="使用type定义函数为一种类型"></a>使用type定义函数为一种类型</h2><p>函数也是一种数据类型，通过type给一个函数类型起名</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func Add(a, b int) int {</span><br><span class="line">return a + b</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func Minus(a, b int) int {</span><br><span class="line">return a - b</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">type FuncType func(int, int) int // 使用type关键字定义一种函数类型，命名为Functype</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func Calc(a, b int, calc FuncType) int {</span><br><span class="line">return calc(a, b)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 1</span><br><span class="line">b := 2</span><br><span class="line">result := Calc(a, b, Add)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("calc result is: %v\n", result)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">result = Calc(a, b, Minus)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("calc result is: %v\n", result)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="匿名函数"><a href="#匿名函数" class="headerlink" title="匿名函数"></a>匿名函数</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 3</span><br><span class="line">str := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">func() { //匿名函数：没有函数名称及函数声明</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("a = ", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("str = ", str)</span><br><span class="line">str = "mike" // 由于闭包引用方式捕获外部变量 ，所以这里会改变函数之外的变量</span><br><span class="line">}() // 使用()调用匿名函数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(str)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>带参数，带返回值的匿名函数</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 3</span><br><span class="line">str := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">c, d := func(a int, b string) (c int, d string) { //带参数和返回值</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("a = ", a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("str = ", b)</span><br><span class="line">a = 10</span><br><span class="line">c = a</span><br><span class="line">d = "mike"</span><br><span class="line">return</span><br><span class="line">}(a, str) //调用匿名函数，传入参数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(str)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(c)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(d)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 1.31 流程控制</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-31-%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-31-%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#if语句">if语句</a></li><li><a href="#switch">switch</a></li><li><a href="#for循环">for循环</a></li><li><a href="#continue跳出本次循环进入下一次循环">continue跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环</a></li><li><a href="#break跳出循环如果多层嵌套循环跳出最近的那个内循环">break跳出循环，如果多层嵌套循环，跳出最近的那个内循环</a></li></ul><h2 id="if语句"><a href="#if语句" class="headerlink" title="if语句"></a>if语句</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/* 定义局部变量 */</span><br><span class="line">var d int = 10</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/* 使用 if 语句判断布尔表达式 */</span><br><span class="line">if d == 10 {</span><br><span class="line">/* 如果条件为 true 则执行以下语句 */</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("d == 10")</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("d != 10")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> //if 中的局部变量</span><br><span class="line"> // d的作用域只在if的范围内有效</span><br><span class="line"> if d:=10 ;d == 10 {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("d == 10")</span><br><span class="line"> } else {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("d != 10")</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var e int = 9</span><br><span class="line">if e == 10 {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("d == 10")</span><br><span class="line">} else if e > 10 {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("e > 10")</span><br><span class="line">} else if e < 10 {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("e < 10")</span><br><span class="line">} else {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println("这是不可能的")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="switch"><a href="#switch" class="headerlink" title="switch"></a>switch</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">var num int</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("please input floor number:")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&num)</span><br><span class="line">switch num { //switch 后面是变量本身</span><br><span class="line">// switch num := 5; num { //switch 支持一个初始化语句，用;分隔</span><br><span class="line">case 1, 5:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("case is 1 or 5")</span><br><span class="line">fallthrough // 不跳出switch语句，后面的条件无条件地执行</span><br><span class="line">case 2:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("case is :", 2)</span><br><span class="line">case 3:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("case is :", 3)</span><br><span class="line">case 4:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("case is :", 4)</span><br><span class="line">default:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("this is default case")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// case 判断一个表达式</span><br><span class="line">var grade string</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("please input grade:")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&grade)</span><br><span class="line">switch {</span><br><span class="line">case grade == "A":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("优秀!\n")</span><br><span class="line">case grade == "B", grade == "C":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("良好\n")</span><br><span class="line">fallthrough // 不跳出switch语句，下一句case无条件地执行</span><br><span class="line">case grade == "D":</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("及格\n")</span><br><span class="line">fallthrough // 不跳出switch语句，下一句case无条件地执行</span><br><span class="line">case grade == "F":</span><br><span class="line">break //跳出switch</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("不及格\n")</span><br><span class="line">default:</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("差\n")</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("你输入的grade:%s\n", grade)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="for循环"><a href="#for循环" class="headerlink" title="for循环"></a>for循环</h2><p>格式：<br>for 初始条件；判断条件；条件变化 {</p><p>}<br>或使用range迭代，下标从0开始<br>for index,data := range iterable_obj {</p><p>}<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sum := 0</span><br><span class="line">for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {</span><br><span class="line"> sum = sum + i</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(sum)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">str := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">for i, data := range str {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf("The No. %d element is: %c\n", i, data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>使用_丢弃返回的下标<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">str := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">for _, data := range str {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(data)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>丢弃返回元素，再通过下标取元素<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">str := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">for i, _ := range str {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("%c\n", str[i])</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">//等价于：</span><br><span class="line">for i := range str {</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("%c\n", str[i])</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>for后面不写任何内容，表示条件永远为值，死循环<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Println(i)</span><br><span class="line"> if i == 99999 {</span><br><span class="line"> break</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> i++</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="continue跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环"><a href="#continue跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环" class="headerlink" title="continue跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环"></a>continue跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环</h2><h2 id="break跳出循环，如果多层嵌套循环，跳出最近的那个内循环"><a href="#break跳出循环，如果多层嵌套循环，跳出最近的那个内循环" class="headerlink" title="break跳出循环，如果多层嵌套循环，跳出最近的那个内循环"></a>break跳出循环，如果多层嵌套循环，跳出最近的那个内循环</h2>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 1.25 类型转换</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-25-%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-25-%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#不兼容类型">不兼容类型</a></li><li><a href="#in-转-string">in 转 string</a></li><li><a href="#string-转-int">string 转 int</a></li><li><a href="#字符类型本质就是整形">字符类型，本质就是整形</a></li><li><a href="#int-转-float32">int 转 float32</a></li><li><a href="#string到float64">string到float64</a></li><li><a href="#string到float32">string到float32</a></li><li><a href="#float64-转成-int">float64 转成 int</a></li></ul><h2 id="不兼容类型"><a href="#不兼容类型" class="headerlink" title="不兼容类型"></a>不兼容类型</h2><p>不能转换的类型，叫不兼容类型<br>如：bool不能转为int，整型也不能转为bool<br>0就是假，非0就是真</p><h2 id="in-转-string"><a href="#in-转-string" class="headerlink" title="in 转 string"></a>in 转 string</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line"> "strconv"</span><br><span class="line"> "fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line"> t := strconv.Itoa(123) //整型转字条串</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="string-转-int"><a href="#string-转-int" class="headerlink" title="string 转 int"></a>string 转 int</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">i, _ := strconv.Atoi("100")</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(i)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="字符类型，本质就是整形"><a href="#字符类型，本质就是整形" class="headerlink" title="字符类型，本质就是整形"></a>字符类型，本质就是整形</h2><p>如：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">var ch byte</span><br><span class="line">ch = 'a'</span><br><span class="line">var t int</span><br><span class="line">t = int(ch) //类型转换，把ch的值取出来，转成int再赋值给t</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println("t = ", t)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("t = %c", t) // 格式化为字符再输出</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="int-转-float32"><a href="#int-转-float32" class="headerlink" title="int 转 float32"></a>int 转 float32</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var sum int = 17</span><br><span class="line">var count int = 5</span><br><span class="line">var mean float32</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mean = float32(sum)/float32(count)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("mean 的值为: %f\n",mean)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="string到float64"><a href="#string到float64" class="headerlink" title="string到float64"></a>string到float64</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">float,err := strconv.ParseFloat(string,64)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="string到float32"><a href="#string到float32" class="headerlink" title="string到float32"></a>string到float32</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">float,err := strconv.ParseFloat(string,32)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="float64-转成-int"><a href="#float64-转成-int" class="headerlink" title="float64 转成 int"></a>float64 转成 int</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var a float64</span><br><span class="line">a = 1.9</span><br><span class="line">b := int(a)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Println(a, b)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 1.16 格式化输出和用户输入</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-16-%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-16-%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#格式化输出">格式化输出</a></li><li><a href="#接受用户输入">接受用户输入</a></li></ul><h2 id="格式化输出"><a href="#格式化输出" class="headerlink" title="格式化输出"></a>格式化输出</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 10</span><br><span class="line">b := "abc"</span><br><span class="line">c := 'a'</span><br><span class="line">d := 3.14</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("%T,%T,%T,%T\n", c, b, c, d) // %T 操作变量所属的类型</span><br><span class="line">//%d 整形格式</span><br><span class="line">//%s 字符串格式</span><br><span class="line">//%c 字符格式</span><br><span class="line">//%f 浮点格式</span><br><span class="line">// %v 自动匹配格式输出</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("a = %d,b = %s,c = %c,d = %f\n", a, b, c, d)</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("a = %v,b = %v,c = %v,d = %v\n", a, b, c, d)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="接受用户输入"><a href="#接受用户输入" class="headerlink" title="接受用户输入"></a>接受用户输入</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">var input_num int</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("please input numbers:")</span><br><span class="line"> //阻塞，等待用户输入</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Scan(&input_num) // 注意，这里是取input_num的内存地址</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Print("input_num = ", input_num)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 1.07 变量</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-07-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-07-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#变量名命名规范">变量名命名规范：</a></li><li><a href="#关键字">关键字</a></li><li><a href="#变量声明">变量声明</a></li><li><a href="#关于输出格式">关于输出格式</a></li><li><a href="#注意">注意：</a></li></ul><h2 id="变量名命名规范："><a href="#变量名命名规范：" class="headerlink" title="变量名命名规范："></a>变量名命名规范：</h2><p>1）组成只能是：字母，数字，下划线<br>2）不能以数字开头<br>3）名字不能是关键字<br>4）区分大小写</p><h2 id="关键字"><a href="#关键字" class="headerlink" title="关键字"></a>关键字</h2><p>下面列举了 Go 代码中会使用到的 25 个关键字或保留字：</p><table><thead><tr><th>——–</th><th>———–</th><th>——</th><th>———</th><th>——</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>break</td><td>default</td><td>func</td><td>interface</td><td>select</td></tr><tr><td>case</td><td>defer</td><td>go</td><td>map</td><td>struct</td></tr><tr><td>chan</td><td>else</td><td>goto</td><td>package</td><td>switch</td></tr><tr><td>const</td><td>fallthrough</td><td>if</td><td>range</td><td>type</td></tr><tr><td>continue</td><td>for</td><td>import</td><td>return</td><td>var</td></tr></tbody></table><p>除了以上介绍的这些关键字，Go 语言还有 36 个预定义标识符：</p><table><thead><tr><th>——</th><th>——-</th><th>——-</th><th>——-</th><th>——</th><th>——-</th><th>———</th><th>———-</th><th>——-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>append</td><td>bool</td><td>byte</td><td>cap</td><td>close</td><td>complex</td><td>complex64</td><td>complex128</td><td>uint16</td></tr><tr><td>copy</td><td>false</td><td>float32</td><td>float64</td><td>imag</td><td>int</td><td>int8</td><td>int16</td><td>uint32</td></tr><tr><td>int32</td><td>int64</td><td>iota</td><td>len</td><td>make</td><td>new</td><td>nil</td><td>panic</td><td>uint64</td></tr><tr><td>print</td><td>println</td><td>real</td><td>recover</td><td>string</td><td>true</td><td>uint</td><td>uint8</td><td>uintptr</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="变量声明"><a href="#变量声明" class="headerlink" title="变量声明"></a>变量声明</h2><p>1）声明格式：var 变量名 类型<br>2）变量声明后，必须要使用<br>3）只是声明，没有初始化的变量，默认值为0<br>4）同一个 {} 中的变量名是唯一的<br>5）可以同时声明多个变量，如var a,b,c int</p><p>变量声明举例：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var a int</span><br><span class="line">var b int = 10</span><br><span class="line">c := 20 //自动推导类型</span><br><span class="line">i,j := 10,20 //多重变量赋值</span><br><span class="line">i,j = j,i //变量交换</span><br><span class="line">var tmp</span><br><span class="line">tmp,_ = i,j // _为匿名变量，丢弃数据，不处理</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>代码示例：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import (</span><br><span class="line">"fmt"</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">func main() {</span><br><span class="line">a := 10</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf("c type is %T\n", a)</span><br><span class="line">// %T打印变量的所属的类型</span><br><span class="line"> // fmt.Printf 不换行输出，如果需要换行，则需要手动增加 \n 到输出之字符串的末尾</span><br><span class="line"> // fmt.Println 自动换行输出</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="关于输出格式"><a href="#关于输出格式" class="headerlink" title="关于输出格式"></a>关于输出格式</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">%d 整形格式</span><br><span class="line">%s 字符串格式</span><br><span class="line">%c 字符格式</span><br><span class="line">%f 浮点格式</span><br><span class="line">%v 自动匹配格式输出</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="注意："><a href="#注意：" class="headerlink" title="注意："></a>注意：</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在liteIDE中编译运行代码时，源代码的文件不能*_test.go结尾，</span><br><span class="line">否则编译不过，报错：</span><br><span class="line">go build <dir>: no non-test Go files in <dir></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>go 1.03 环境搭建</title>
<link href="/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-03-%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA_/"/>
<url>/2019/05/17/golang/go-1-03-%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA_/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#go开发环境搭建">go开发环境搭建</a><ul><li><a href="#下载go安装包">下载go安装包</a></li><li><a href="#下载开发ide我使用liteide">下载开发IDE，我使用liteIDE</a></li><li><a href="#安装下载好的包-解压到需要的路径即可">安装下载好的包–解压到需要的路径即可</a></li><li><a href="#设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录">设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录</a></li><li><a href="#缺少libstdcso6而摄错">缺少libstdc++.so.6而摄错</a></li><li><a href="#go命令">go命令</a></li><li><a href="#go的目录结构">go的目录结构</a></li></ul></li></ul><h1 id="go开发环境搭建"><a href="#go开发环境搭建" class="headerlink" title="go开发环境搭建"></a>go开发环境搭建</h1><h2 id="下载go安装包"><a href="#下载go安装包" class="headerlink" title="下载go安装包"></a>下载go安装包</h2><p>官网下载页面：<br><a href="https://golang.org/dl/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://golang.org/dl/</a><br>中文社区下载页面：<br><a href="https://studygolang.com/dl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://studygolang.com/dl</a><br>linux系统，下载链接：<br><a href="https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz</a><br>安装文档介绍：<br><a href="http://docs.studygolang.com/doc/install" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://docs.studygolang.com/doc/install</a></p><h2 id="下载开发IDE，我使用liteIDE"><a href="#下载开发IDE，我使用liteIDE" class="headerlink" title="下载开发IDE，我使用liteIDE"></a>下载开发IDE，我使用liteIDE</h2><p>下载页面：<a href="http://liteide.org/cn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://liteide.org/cn/</a><br>选一个下载地址：<a href="https://github.com/visualfc/liteide/releases/download/x36/liteidex36.linux64-qt5.5.1.tar.gz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/visualfc/liteide/releases/download/x36/liteidex36.linux64-qt5.5.1.tar.gz</a></p><h2 id="安装下载好的包–解压到需要的路径即可"><a href="#安装下载好的包–解压到需要的路径即可" class="headerlink" title="安装下载好的包–解压到需要的路径即可"></a>安装下载好的包–解压到需要的路径即可</h2><p>golang:<br>sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.12.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz</p><p>liteide:<br>sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf liteidex36.linux64-qt5.5.1.tar.gz</p><h2 id="设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录"><a href="#设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录" class="headerlink" title="设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录"></a>设置系统环境变量和创建开发工程目录</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"># 创建开发代码的工程目录，并追加到GOPATH环境变量</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p ~/go/src</span><br><span class="line">echo 'export GOPATH=$HOME/go' >> ~/.bashrc</span><br><span class="line"># 把go的安装目录追加到PATH环境变量</span><br><span class="line">echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc</span><br><span class="line">source ~/.bashrc</span><br><span class="line"># 使用go version 验证go安装是否成功</span><br><span class="line">go version</span><br><span class="line"># 追加liteide的安装路径到PATH环境变量</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/liteide/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="缺少libstdc-so-6而摄错"><a href="#缺少libstdc-so-6而摄错" class="headerlink" title="缺少libstdc++.so.6而摄错"></a>缺少libstdc++.so.6而摄错</h2><p>如果是在ubuntu14.04上运行liteIDE，可以会遇到如下报错<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">liteide: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /usr/local/liteide/bin/../lib/libQt5Core.so.5)</span><br><span class="line">liteide: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /usr/local/liteide/bin/../lib/libicui18n.so.55)</span><br><span class="line">liteide: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /usr/local/liteide/bin/../lib/libicuuc.so.55)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>解决办法：<br>从ubuntu18的机器上找到libstdc++.so.6，复制到 /usr/local/liteide/lib/libstdc++.so.6<br>再启动即可</p><p>参考链接：<a href="https://github.com/visualfc/liteide/issues/961" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/visualfc/liteide/issues/961</a></p><h2 id="go命令"><a href="#go命令" class="headerlink" title="go命令"></a>go命令</h2><p>go build xxx.go<br>此命令只会编译代码，不能运行可执行程序<br>go run xxx.go<br>此命令只会执行go文件，不会编译成可执行程序</p><h2 id="go的目录结构"><a href="#go的目录结构" class="headerlink" title="go的目录结构"></a>go的目录结构</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">goproject/</span><br><span class="line">└── src</span><br><span class="line"> └── gocode</span><br><span class="line"> └── project01</span><br><span class="line"> ├── main</span><br><span class="line"> └── package_name_dir</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这样的结构，那么就设定GOPATH=xxxxx/goproject</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> golang </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> go </tag>
<tag> golang </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>recommand_bwhost</title>
<link href="/2019/03/18/other/recommand_bwhost/"/>
<url>/2019/03/18/other/recommand_bwhost/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="VPS推荐链接"><a href="#VPS推荐链接" class="headerlink" title="VPS推荐链接"></a>VPS推荐链接</h1><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">https://open.work.weixin.qq.com/wwopen/mpnews?mixuin=3kAlBgAABwC8DWdcAAAUAA&mfid=WW0323-0pMx0gAABwCyNzOp44Cc9AeLIJ43a&idx=0&sn=8c4812ceb9b1de4118f37b61b6398482</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">https://bandwagonhost.com/aff.php?aff=45216</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> 其它 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> vps </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>install confluence</title>
<link href="/2017/03/23/tools/install-confluence/"/>
<url>/2017/03/23/tools/install-confluence/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="#准备工作">准备工作</a></li><li><a href="#启动confluence">启动confluence</a></li><li><a href="#破解">破解</a></li></ul><h1 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h1><p>1.创建目录<br>mkdir -p /data/atlassian/confluence/{conf_home,conf_install}<br>2.修改权限<br>chown -R daemon:daemon /data/atlassian/confluence<br>3.创建启动脚本，并修改权限<br>cat /opt/run_confluence.sh<br>chmod +x /opt/run_confluence.sh</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">name="confluence-container"</span><br><span class="line">docker stop ${name} && docker rm -v ${name}</span><br><span class="line">/usr/bin/docker run --restart=always -d --name "confluence-container" \</span><br><span class="line"> -p "8090:8090" \</span><br><span class="line"> -v "/data/atlassian/confluence/conf_home:/var/atlassian/confluence" \</span><br><span class="line"> cptactionhank/atlassian-confluence:5.8.10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h1 id="启动confluence"><a href="#启动confluence" class="headerlink" title="启动confluence"></a>启动confluence</h1><p>1./opt/run_confluence.sh</p><p>2.使用浏览器打开192.168.0.93:8090,选择Production Installation，并占击Next<br><img src="/assets/markdown-img-paste-20180814140754458.png" alt="access_confluence_page1"></p><p>3.记录下Server ID,如：BI31-0PSH-5SYG-6OX8<br>4.暂时停止confluence<br>docker stop confluence-container</p><p>5.查找docker中的atlassian-extras-decoder-v2-3.2.jar<br>find /data/docker/local-storage/docker/ -name “atlassian-extras-decoder-v2-3.2.jar”</p><p>/data/docker/local-storage/docker/aufs/diff/983d62f805befea70fd9c46019a356e3c762b9c929c20ec6c5c37ec0855b091b/usr/local/atlassian/confluence/confluence/WEB-INF/lib/atlassian-extras-decoder-v2-3.2.jar</p><h1 id="破解"><a href="#破解" class="headerlink" title="破解"></a>破解</h1><p>1.重命名atlassian-extras-decoder-v2-3.2.jar为 atlassian-extras-2.4.jar<br>2.解压confluence5.1-crack.zip<br>进入confluence5.1-crack/iNViSiBLE$，执行：keygen.sh</p><p>3.输入name:test1234,这个可以随意，输入之前记录的Server ID</p><p>4.把重新生成的文件重命名，并替换回原路径</p><p>5.单击复制key到剪贴板</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">AAABMA0ODAoPeJxtkMlqwzAQQO/6CkHPCl6SxgQEVWzRmnoJtVOao+JOUoGjBC2m+fsqcX0phbnM9</span><br><span class="line">ngzD60DzNwRh3MfqzhZRUucNi2OgjBBGZhOy4uVZ0XTszr0DlQHqHKnPej6sDWgDSUhSjWI21AmL</span><br><span class="line">NDbJgkSEs6R37Gis5U4AbVgbBjFc9R50MxX5eCL2sE0xUsheyrVII3c9/BkOlAwUz3ig+jdnU8Po</span><br><span class="line">jcwEgrp+wba6wXu/LQuS/6W5qxAHqQsKOFd+fdF6uvoFcdLEkYkWoyA6Yq0d8aCrs6fYGiAGl7RX</span><br><span class="line">b3FJXvluOSY4YZleMOqjM1QrY9CSTPKyOpdNnJdcNxyVqIG9AA6z+g6j0MSbJoXsmh2z+Sx/kjQr</span><br><span class="line">63vFnk2Zf/LbZzuvoSBP8/8ATV6iRMwLAIUC/RpFxXPfEauHjG2QJ3yZ3rukxICFCHDIGkAmCgee</span><br><span class="line">NteYVIYb725rgNrX02f7</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>6.启动conflucen,打开<a href="http://ip:8090,填写上一步复制的key" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://ip:8090,填写上一步复制的key</a><br>7.本文只是记录安装体验过程，商业用途请支持正版</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> 工具 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> confluence </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>3-hexo使用说明</title>
<link href="/2017/03/23/3-hexo-instruction/"/>
<url>/2017/03/23/3-hexo-instruction/</url>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>下面如果没有特殊说明， <code>_config.yml</code> 都指主题配置文件，即 <code>3-hexo</code> 目录下</p></blockquote><h2 id="自定义首页"><a href="#自定义首页" class="headerlink" title="自定义首页"></a>自定义首页</h2><p>可查看这篇文章： </p><h2 id="blog快捷键"><a href="#blog快捷键" class="headerlink" title="blog快捷键"></a>blog快捷键</h2><p>可查看这篇文章： </p><h2 id="更换头像"><a href="#更换头像" class="headerlink" title="更换头像"></a>更换头像</h2><p>两种方式：</p><ol><li>替换 <code>source/img/avatar.jpg</code> 图片。</li><li>修改 <code>_config.yml</code> 中头像的配置记录</li></ol><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 你的头像url</span><br><span class="line">avatar: /img/avatar.jpg</span><br><span class="line">favicon: /img/avatar.jpg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="设置链接图标"><a href="#设置链接图标" class="headerlink" title="设置链接图标"></a>设置链接图标</h2><p>如下，如果没有连接，则不展示图标。<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#链接图标，链接为空则不显示</span><br><span class="line">link:</span><br><span class="line"> rss: /atom.xml</span><br><span class="line"> github: https://github.com/yelog</span><br><span class="line"> facebook: https://www.facebook.com/faker.tops</span><br><span class="line"> twitter:</span><br><span class="line"> linkedin:</span><br><span class="line"> instagram:</span><br><span class="line"> reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/yelog/</span><br><span class="line"> weibo: http://weibo.com/u/2307534817</span><br><span class="line"> email: [email protected]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="开启关于页面"><a href="#开启关于页面" class="headerlink" title="开启关于页面"></a>开启<code>关于</code>页面</h2><ol><li><p>在 <code>hexo</code> 根目录执行以下，创建 <code>关于</code> 页面</p><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hexo new page <span class="string">"about"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>位置： <code>source/aoubt/index.md</code> ，根据需要进行编辑。</p></li><li>在主题中开启显示：修改主题根目录 <code>_config.yml</code> 中的 <code>about</code> 的 <code>on</code> 为 <code>true</code>，如下所示<figure class="highlight yml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">menu:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr"> about:</span> <span class="comment"># '关于' 按钮</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr"> on:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># 是否显示</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr"> url:</span> <span class="string">/about</span> <span class="comment"># 跳转链接</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr"> type:</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="comment"># 跳转类型 1：站内异步跳转 2：当前页面跳转 3：打开新的tab页</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="配置评论系统"><a href="#配置评论系统" class="headerlink" title="配置评论系统"></a>配置评论系统</h2><p>目前添加了三种评论系统 <strong>disqus、多说、网易云跟帖</strong></p><blockquote><p><code>日志：</code> 2017-03-21：多说将于2017-06-01正式关停服务</p></blockquote><h3 id="启用评论"><a href="#启用评论" class="headerlink" title="启用评论"></a>启用评论</h3><p>以 <code>disqus</code> 为例；</p><ol><li>关掉其他两个评论（设置on: false）</li><li>启用 <code>disqus</code> ,设置on: true</li><li>登陆 <code>disqus</code> 注册，得到shortname，填入shortname。</li><li>重启 <code>hexo</code>。</li></ol><h3 id="meta区显示评论数"><a href="#meta区显示评论数" class="headerlink" title="meta区显示评论数"></a>meta区显示评论数</h3><p>开启设置 <code>_config.yml</code><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">comment_count: true</span><br><span class="line"># 文章标题下方显示评论数</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p><img src="http://img.xiangzhangshugongyi.com/FlDHXpVnJ-ECFCehRBoKkQMlqj_R.png" alt="开启效果"></p><h3 id="评论区预加载"><a href="#评论区预加载" class="headerlink" title="评论区预加载"></a>评论区预加载</h3><p>开启设置 <code>_config.yml</code><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">preload_comment: false</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><ol><li>false: 当点击评论条等区域时再加载评论模块</li><li>true: 页面加载时加载评论区</li></ol><p><img src="http://img.xiangzhangshugongyi.com/FrYn2xsPMLBizQZ_p_mCa-hJYTG_.png" alt="关闭效果"></p><h2 id="样式设置"><a href="#样式设置" class="headerlink" title="样式设置"></a>样式设置</h2><h3 id="代码高亮"><a href="#代码高亮" class="headerlink" title="代码高亮"></a>代码高亮</h3><p>首先要关闭hexo根目录下<code>_config.yml</code>中的高亮设置：<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">highlight:</span><br><span class="line"> enable: false</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>配置主题下<code>_config.yml</code>中的高亮设置：<br>可以根据提示，配置喜欢的高亮主题<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">highlight:</span><br><span class="line"> on: true # true开启代码高亮</span><br><span class="line"> lineNum: true # true显示行号</span><br><span class="line"> theme: darcula</span><br><span class="line"># 代码高亮主题,效果可以查看 https://highlightjs.org/static/demo/</span><br><span class="line"># 支持主题：</span><br><span class="line"># sublime : 参考sublime的高亮主题</span><br><span class="line"># darcula : 参考idea中的darcula的主题</span><br><span class="line"># atom-dark : 参考Atom的dark主题</span><br><span class="line"># atom-light : 参考Atom的light主题</span><br><span class="line"># github : 参考GitHub版的高亮主题</span><br><span class="line"># github-gist : GitHub-Gist主题</span><br><span class="line"># brown-paper : 牛皮纸效果</span><br><span class="line"># gruvbox-light : gruvbox的light主题</span><br><span class="line"># gruvbox-dark ： gruvbox的dark主题</span><br><span class="line"># rainbow :</span><br><span class="line"># railscasts :</span><br><span class="line"># sunburst :</span><br><span class="line"># kimbie-dark :</span><br><span class="line"># kimbie-light :</span><br><span class="line"># school-book : 纸张效果</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h3 id="MathJax数学公式"><a href="#MathJax数学公式" class="headerlink" title="MathJax数学公式"></a>MathJax数学公式</h3><p>修改 <code>_config.yml</code><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># MathJax 数学公式支持</span><br><span class="line">mathjax:</span><br><span class="line"> on: true #是否启用</span><br><span class="line"> per_page: false # 若只渲染单个页面，此选项设为false，页面内加入 mathjax: true</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>考虑到页面的加载速度，支持渲染单个页面。<br>设置 <code>per_page: false</code> ,在需要渲染的页面内 加入 <code>mathjax: true</code></p><blockquote><p><strong><code>注意:</code></strong><br>由于hexo的MarkDown渲染器与MathJax有冲突，可能会造成矩阵等使用不正常。所以在使用之前需要修改两个地方<br>编辑 <code>node_modules\marked\lib\marked.js</code> 脚本</p></blockquote><ol><li><p>将451行 ，这一步取消了对 <code>\\,\{,\}</code> 的转义(escape)</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">escape</span>: <span class="regexp">/^\\([\\`*{}\[\]()# +\-.!_>])/</span>,</span><br><span class="line">改为</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">escape</span>: <span class="regexp">/^\\([`*\[\]()# +\-.!_>])/</span>,</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>将459行，这一步取消了对斜体标记 <code>_</code> 的转义</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">em: <span class="regexp">/^\b_((?:[^_]|__)+?)_\b|^\*((?:\*\*|[\s\S])+?)\*(?!\*)/</span>,</span><br><span class="line">改为</span><br><span class="line">em:<span class="regexp">/^\*((?:\*\*|[\s\S])+?)\*(?!\*)/</span>,</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h3 id="表格样式"><a href="#表格样式" class="headerlink" title="表格样式"></a>表格样式</h3><p>目前提供了3中样式，修改 <code>_config.yml</code><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">table: green_title</span><br><span class="line"># table 的样式</span><br><span class="line"># 为空时类似github的table样式</span><br><span class="line"># green 绿色样式</span><br><span class="line"># green_title 头部为青色的table样式</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h3 id="文章列表的hover样式"><a href="#文章列表的hover样式" class="headerlink" title="文章列表的hover样式"></a>文章列表的hover样式</h3><p>鼠标移入的背景色和文字颜色变动，设置 <code>_config.yml</code><br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#文章列表 鼠标移上去的样式, 为空时使用默认效果</span><br><span class="line">article_list:</span><br><span class="line"> hover:</span><br><span class="line"> background: '#e2e0e0' # 背景色:提供几种：'#c1bfc1' '#fbf4a8'</span><br><span class="line"> color: # 文字颜色 提供几种：'#ffffff'</span><br><span class="line"># 注意：由于颜色如果包含#，使用单引号 ' 引起来</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="开启字数统计"><a href="#开启字数统计" class="headerlink" title="开启字数统计"></a>开启字数统计</h2><ol><li>开启此功能需先安装插件，在 hexo根目录 执行 <code>npm i hexo-wordcount --save</code></li><li>修改 <code>_config.yml</code></li></ol><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">word_count: true</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="多作者模式"><a href="#多作者模式" class="headerlink" title="多作者模式"></a>多作者模式</h2><p>可查看这篇文章： </p><h2 id="文章排序及置顶"><a href="#文章排序及置顶" class="headerlink" title="文章排序及置顶"></a>文章排序及置顶</h2><p>可查看这篇文章： </p><h2 id="关于写文章"><a href="#关于写文章" class="headerlink" title="关于写文章"></a>关于写文章</h2><h3 id="如何写"><a href="#如何写" class="headerlink" title="如何写"></a>如何写</h3><p>每篇文章最好写上文集和标签，方便筛选和查看。<br>一般推荐一篇文章设置一个文集，一个或多个标签<br><code>categories</code>:文集，为左侧列表<br><code>tags</code>:标签，通过#来筛选<br>例如 本篇文章的设置<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">---</span><br><span class="line">title: 3-hexo使用说明</span><br><span class="line">date: 2017-03-23 15:13:47</span><br><span class="line">categories:</span><br><span class="line">- 工具</span><br><span class="line">tags:</span><br><span class="line">- hexo</span><br><span class="line">- 3-hexo</span><br><span class="line">---</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h3 id="写作"><a href="#写作" class="headerlink" title="写作"></a>写作</h3><p>1.设置模板，blog根目录 <code>scaffolds/post.md</code><br>加入categories,tags等，这样以后通过 <code>hexo new</code> 生成的模板就不用写这两个单词了。<br>当然，你也可以写入任何你每个文章中都会有的部分。<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">---</span><br><span class="line">title: {{ title }}</span><br><span class="line">date: {{ date }}</span><br><span class="line">categories:</span><br><span class="line">tags:</span><br><span class="line">---</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><h2 id="技巧"><a href="#技巧" class="headerlink" title="技巧"></a>技巧</h2><h3 id="快捷命令"><a href="#快捷命令" class="headerlink" title="快捷命令"></a>快捷命令</h3><p>其实就通过alias，触发一些命令的集合<br>在 <code>~/.bashrc</code> 文件中添加<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> hs=<span class="string">'hexo clean && hexo g && hexo s'</span> <span class="comment">#启动本地服务</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> hd=<span class="string">'hexo clean && hexo g && hexo d'</span> <span class="comment">#部署博客</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p><p>甚至你也可以加入备份文章的命令，可以自由发挥。</p><h3 id="博客备份（快捷命令升级版）"><a href="#博客备份（快捷命令升级版）" class="headerlink" title="博客备份（快捷命令升级版）"></a>博客备份（快捷命令升级版）</h3><p>为了保证我们写的文章不丢失、快速迁移博客，都需要备份我们的blog。</p><ol><li>博客根目录，执行 <code>git init</code> 创建 git 仓库。</li><li>在 github（或其他托管平台、自建远程仓库等） 创建仓库并和本地仓库建立联系。</li><li>在 <code>~/.bashrc</code> 文件中添加<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> hs=<span class="string">'hexo clean && hexo g && hexo s'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> hd=<span class="string">'hexo clean && hexo g && hexo d && git add . && git commit -m "update" && git push -f'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><p>这样，我们在执行 <code>hd</code> 进行部署时，就一同将博客进行备份了</p>]]></content>
<categories>
<category> 工具 </category>
</categories>
<tags>
<tag> hexo </tag>
<tag> 3-hexo </tag>
</tags>
</entry>
</search>