- Measurement view with large digits, ideal for field application.
- Multiple measurement units: Sievert, rem, cpm (counts per minute), cps (counts per second).
- Configurable averaging for performing surveys.
- Offline and live data logging with data compression.
- Compatibility with the GeigerLog data logging software.
- Configurable pulse indication with optional thresholding: pulse clicks (off, quiet, loud), pulse LED (on supported devices), display flashes (on display sleep) and haptic pulses (on supported devices).
- Dead-time measurement.
- Customizable Geiger-Müller tube settings: conversion factor, instantaneous rate averaging (adaptive fast, adaptive precision, 60 seconds, 30 seconds and 10 seconds), dead-time compensation, background compensation, high voltage generator PWM frequency and duty cycle (on supported devices).
- Preconfigured high voltage profiles (on supported devices).
- Tube fault alarm.
- Statistics for tracking device usage and state.
- User interface based on the OpenBridge 5.0 design system.
- Anti-aliased text rendering on color screens.
radpro-toolfor low-level access to the device from a computer.- Power-on self-test and safety watchdog.
- Game: nuclear chess (on supported devices).
For proper tracking of dose, always power off the device using the keyboard. Avoid removing the batteries to power off the device.
Rad Pro supports the following measurement modes:
The instantaneous rate is estimated by dividing the number of pulses within the instantaneous rate averaging period, minus one, by the time between the first and last pulse within that period.
The secondary view can be switched between an instantaneous rate bar view (logarithmic, with each tick representing a factor of 10, and 1 µSv/h and 10 µSv/h alert zones), a time view that displays the length of the averaging period, an instantaneous rate max view, and an instantaneous rate cpm (counts per minute) view.
The confidence interval estimates the range of values that contain the true, actual instantaneous rate with a 95% probability, assuming a constant level of radiation.
An example: suppose you measure an instantaneous rate of 1.000 µSv/h with a confidence interval of ±40%. This means that the true, actual level of radiation has a 95% probability of falling within the interval [0.600 µSv/h, 1.400 µSv/h] (40% below and above the measured value). This also means that there is a 5% chance that the true level of radiation is outside this interval. As the confidence interval becomes smaller, the certainty of your measurement increases.
The average rate is estimated by dividing the number of pulses within the averaging period, minus one, by the time between the first and last pulse within that period.
The secondary view can be switched between a time view that displays the length of the averaging period, an average rate cpm (counts per minute) view, and a counts view.
The confidence interval assumes a constant level of radiation over the averaging period.
Averaging can be indefinite, or limited by a configurable time or confidence level. When averaging finishes, the device will flash and emit a beep, signaling the completion of the measurement.
To reset averaging, read the device's installation instructions.
An example: suppose you averaged background radiation for 1 minute, resulting in a measurement of 0.210 µSv/h with a confidence interval of ±36%. This means that the actual level of radiation has a 95% probability of falling within the interval [0.134 µSv/h, 0.286 µSv/h] (36% below and above the measured value). Suppose you consider this confidence interval too high, so you repeat the measurement with 30-minute averaging. Your new measurement is 0.154 µSv/h with a confidence interval of ±7.7%, which you might consider now much more acceptable.
The cumulative dose is calculated from the number of pulses in the time period.
The secondary view can be switched between a time view that displays the length of the time period, and a counts view.
To reset cumulative dose, read the device's installation instructions.
The history is calculated from the instantaneous rate, sampled once per second. The plot displays 1 µSv/h and 10 µSv/h alert zones.
The view can be switched between a 10-minute view, a 60-minute view and a 24-hours view.
To reset history, read the device's installation instructions.
The conversion factor specifies the relationship between cpm (counts per minute) and the level of radiation in µSv/h. It is specific to the type of radiation being detected and the particular characteristics of the tube.
Rad Pro comes with default conversion factors for various Geiger-Müller tubes:
- J305: 153.8 cpm/µSv/h
- J321: 153.8 cpm/µSv/h
- J613: 30.0 cpm/µSv/h
- J614: 30.0 cpm/µSv/h
- M4011: 153.8 cpm/µSv/h
- SBM-20: 153.8 cpm/µSv/h
You can also set a custom conversion factor by going to the settings, selecting “Geiger tube”, “Conversion Factor”, and choosing an appropriate value from the list.
Rad Pro lets you log cumulative dose count, from which both rate and dose can be derived.
To start logging, ensure that the time zone, date and time of your device are correctly set, and enable data logging in the settings. Data is automatically logged in the background. When the memory becomes full, older data is overwritten.
To establish a USB data connection, some devices require enabling “Data mode” in the settings. To save power, disable “Data mode” when you are finished.
To download the data logs or log data live to a computer, use the GeigerLog data logging software. “CPS” data is the low-level counts per second value. To average the data, use the “MvAvg” function.
Please note that data is not logged during the download process.
Rad Pro offers several options for adjusting the instantaneous rate averaging period:
- “Adaptive fast” is the fastest option, capable of responding quickly to increased levels of radiation, at the expense of lower precision. It is best for users who need quick radiation alerts. It aims for a ±50% confidence interval; at increased levels of radiation, it limits the averaging period to a maximum of 5 seconds. You can check the “adaptive fast” response curves here: instantaneousaveraging-adaptivefast.ipynb
- “Adaptive precision” tends to be a bit slower, but achieves higher precision at increased levels of radiation. It is best for users who deem precision more important than fast response. At lower levels of radiations, it aims for a ±50% confidence interval, as the “Adaptive fast” option; at increased levels of radiation, it uses a fixed 5 second averaging period. You can check the “adaptive precision” response curves here: instantaneousaveraging-adaptiveprecision.ipynb
- “60 seconds”, “30 seconds” and “10 seconds” use fixed averaging periods. They can produce higher precision than the adaptive options, but have a much slower response.
Dead time is the period of time during which the Geiger-Müller tube is unable to detect another radiation event immediately after detecting one. This occurs because the tube becomes saturated after each radiation event, typically for 50-200 µs. Consequently, measurements of high levels of radiation will be inaccurate as the tube fails to register the counts during the dead-time period.
Rad Pro lets you add these missed counts by applying dead-time compensation.
To use dead-time compensation you need to measure the dead time first. You can do this by going to Rad Pro's settings, selecting “Statistics” and monitoring the “Dead time” value. Dead time is estimated by measuring the shortest time interval between pulses. Obtaining an accurate result requires several hours under normal levels of radiation. To accelerate this process, use a radioactive source.
Rad Pro employs the non-paralyzable model for dead-time compensation:
where
Dead-time compensation is applied to instantaneous rate, average rate, cumulative dose and history. It is not applied to tube life pulse count nor data logs.
Geiger-Müller tubes, being composed of matter, inherently contain atoms prone to radioactive decay. Consequently, the tubes themselves emit radiation. This intrinsic radiation will depend on factors such as tube type, size, and production batch.
Rad Pro lets you remove these extra counts by applying background compensation.
Background compensation is applied to instantaneous rate, average rate, cumulative dose and history. It is not applied to tube life pulse count nor data logs.
(on supported devices)
HV profiles let you control the high voltage supplied to the Geiger-Müller tube. Rad Pro includes several pre-configured profiles that let you balance power consumption and accuracy.
You can also define your own HV profile. WARNING: Wrong profile settings may damage the tube from overvoltage, as well as the switching transistor from overcurrent.
Setting up a custom HV profile requires measuring the high voltage at the tube. To accomplish this, connect a 1 GΩ resistor in series to the positive terminal of a high-quality multimeter (with a 10 MΩ input impedance). Ensure the resistor is clean to prevent spurious currents. Set the multimeter to the 20 V range. Connect the negative terminal of the multimeter to ground, and the free end of the resistor to the tube's anode. The high voltage corresponds approximately to the multimeter reading multiplied by a factor of (1000 MΩ + 10 MΩ) / 10 MΩ = 101. WARNING: High voltage can be lethal.
An HV profile consists of a PWM frequency and duty cycle. Typically, higher frequency values produce lower voltage ripple (voltage variations in time) but consume more power. Conversely, lower frequency values require less power, but may sacrifice measurement accuracy.
Rad Pro triggers a fault alarm if no pulses are detected within a five-minute interval. This may occur due to a malfunctioning high-voltage generator, or a defective Geiger-Müller tube.
Rad Pro also triggers a fault alarm if the Geiger-Müller tube becomes saturated due to high radiation levels, or shorted due to a malfunction.
The random generator produces 16 symbols per run. If additional symbols are required, simply return to the menu and initiate a new run.
The generator produces random bits by comparing the time interval between two successive pulses. To avoid bias, every second bit is flipped. The generator stores random data in a 128-bit buffer.
Random symbols are generated from the bits using the Fast Dice Roller algorithm. “Alphanumeric” uses approximately 6 bits per symbol, “Full ASCII” uses 7 bits, “20-sided dice” uses 5 bits, “Hexadecimal”, “Decimal” and “12-sided dice” use 4 bits, “8-sided dice” and “6-sided dice” use 3 bits, “4-sided dice” uses 2 bits, and “Coin flip” uses 1 bit.
For faster bit generation, use a radioactive source.
radpro-tool gives you low-level access to your device from a computer, allowing you to download data logs, log data live, submit data live to radiation monitoring websites, get device information and sync the device's clock.
To use radpro-tool, install Python, PIP. You must also install the necessary requirements by running the following command in a terminal:
pip install -r tools/requirements.txt
To get help about radpro-tool, run the following command in a terminal:
python tools/radpro-tool.py --help
To sync the clock of a Rad Pro device connected to COM13:
python tools/radpro-tool.py --port COM13
To download the data log to the file datalog.csv:
python tools/radpro-tool.py --port COM13 --download-datalog datalog.csv
To log pulse data live to the file live.csv every 60 seconds:
python tools/radpro-tool.py --port COM13 --log-pulsedata live.csv --period 60
To submit data live to the https://gmcmap.com website:
python tools/radpro-tool.py --port COM13 --submit-gmcmap [USER_ACCOUNT_ID] [GEIGER_COUNTER_ID]
To communicate with Rad Pro through a USB serial port, read the communications protocol description.
Q: Why does my device's date and time reset every time I turn it on?
A: This happens when your device's real-time clock is not powered during power-off. On the FNIRSI GC-01, most likely the backup battery (a CR1220) needs replacement.
Q: When I power on my device, Rad Pro stays quite some time (up to 60 seconds) on the splash screen.
A: Some microprocessors need quite some time to start the real-time clock. If this happens every time you turn on your device, check the previous question.
Q: Why are the instantaneous rate measurements so noisy?
A: There are two conflicting objectives when measuring instantaneous rate: low measurement noise, and fast response. You can reduce noise by choosing an instantaneous rate averaging option that increases the averaging period, at the expense of a slower response.
Q: My device is missing counts.
A: Background compensation, if enabled, removes counts. Check if this feature is activated.
Q: I enabled clicks but am not hearing any.
A: If you've enabled pulse thresholding, pulse indication will only occur above a certain radiation level threshold. Check if this feature is activated.