buildah-run - Run a command inside of the container.
buildah run [options] [--] container command
Launches a container and runs the specified command in that container using the container's root filesystem as a root filesystem, using configuration settings inherited from the container's image or as specified using previous calls to the buildah config command. To execute buildah run within an interactive shell, specify the --tty option.
--add-history
Add an entry to the history which will note what command is being invoked. Defaults to false.
Note: You can also override the default value of --add-history by setting the
BUILDAH_HISTORY environment variable. export BUILDAH_HISTORY=true
--cap-add=CAP_xxx
Add the specified capability to the set of capabilities which will be granted to the specified command. Certain capabilities are granted by default; this option can be used to add more beyond the defaults, which may have been modified by --cap-add and --cap-drop options used with the buildah from invocation which created the container.
--cap-drop=CAP_xxx
Drop the specified capability from the set of capabilities which will be granted to the specified command. The CAP_CHOWN, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_FOWNER, CAP_FSETID, CAP_KILL, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, CAP_SETFCAP, CAP_SETGID, CAP_SETPCAP, and CAP_SETUID capabilities are granted by default; this option can be used to remove them from the defaults, which may have been modified by --cap-add and --cap-drop options used with the buildah from invocation which created the container. The list of default capabilities is managed in containers.conf(5).
If a capability is specified to both the --cap-add and --cap-drop options, it will be dropped, regardless of the order in which the options were given.
--cgroupns how
Sets the configuration for the cgroup namespaces for the container.
The configured value can be "" (the empty string) or "private" to indicate
that a new cgroup namespace should be created, or it can be "host" to indicate
that the cgroup namespace in which buildah itself is being run should be reused.
--contextdir directory
Allows setting context directory for current RUN invocation. Specifying a context
directory causes RUN context to consider context directory as root directory for
specified source in --mount of type 'bind'.
--device=device
Add a host device, or devices under a directory, to the environment in which the command will be run. The optional permissions parameter can be used to specify device permissions, using any one or more of r for read, w for write, and m for mknod(2).
Example: --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm.
Note: if host-device is a symbolic link then it will be resolved first. The container will only store the major and minor numbers of the host device.
The device to share can also be specified using a Container Device Interface (CDI) specification (https://github.com/cncf-tags/container-device-interface).
Note: if the user only has access rights via a group, accessing the device from inside a rootless container will fail. The crun(1) runtime offers a workaround for this by adding the option --annotation run.oci.keep_original_groups=1.
--env, -e env=value
Temporarily add a value (e.g. env=value) to the environment for the running
process. Unlike buildah config --env, the environment will not persist to
later calls to buildah run or to the built image. Can be used multiple times.
--hostname
Set the hostname inside of the running container.
--ipc how
Sets the configuration for the IPC namespaces for the container.
The configured value can be "" (the empty string) or "private" to indicate
that a new IPC namespace should be created, or it can be "host" to indicate
that the IPC namespace in which buildah itself is being run should be reused,
or it can be the path to an IPC namespace which is already in use by another
process.
--isolation type
Controls what type of isolation is used for running the process. Recognized types include oci (OCI-compatible runtime, the default), rootless (OCI-compatible runtime invoked using a modified configuration, with --no-new-keyring added to its create invocation, reusing the host's network and UTS namespaces, and creating private IPC, PID, mount, and user namespaces; the default for unprivileged users), and chroot (an internal wrapper that leans more toward chroot(1) than container technology, reusing the host's control group, network, IPC, and PID namespaces, and creating private mount and UTS namespaces, and creating user namespaces only when they're required for ID mapping).
Note: You can also override the default isolation type by setting the
BUILDAH_ISOLATION environment variable. export BUILDAH_ISOLATION=oci
--mount=type=TYPE,TYPE-SPECIFIC-OPTION[,...]
Attach a filesystem mount to the container
Current supported mount TYPES are bind, cache, secret and tmpfs.
e.g.
type=bind,source=/path/on/host,destination=/path/in/container
type=tmpfs,tmpfs-size=512M,destination=/path/in/container
type=cache,target=/path/in/container
Common Options:
· src, source: mount source spec for bind and volume. Mandatory for bind. If `from` is specified, `src` is the subpath in the `from` field.
· dst, destination, target: mount destination spec.
· ro, read-only: true or false (default).
Options specific to bind:
· bind-propagation: shared, slave, private, rshared, rslave, or rprivate(default). See also mount(2). <sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>
. bind-nonrecursive: do not setup a recursive bind mount. By default it is recursive.
· from: stage or image name for the root of the source. Defaults to the build context.
· z: Set shared SELinux label on mounted destination. Use if SELinux is enabled on host machine.
· Z: Set private SELinux label on mounted destination. Use if SELinux is enabled on host machine.
Options specific to tmpfs:
· tmpfs-size: Size of the tmpfs mount in bytes. Unlimited by default in Linux.
· tmpfs-mode: File mode of the tmpfs in octal. (e.g. 700 or 0700.) Defaults to 1777 in Linux.
· tmpcopyup: Path that is shadowed by the tmpfs mount is recursively copied up to the tmpfs itself.
Options specific to secret:
· id: the identifier for the secret passed into the `buildah bud --secret` or `podman build --secret` command.
Options specific to cache:
· id: Create a separate cache directory for a particular id.
· mode: File mode for new cache directory in octal. Default 0755.
· ro, readonly: read only cache if set.
· uid: uid for cache directory.
· gid: gid for cache directory.
· from: stage name for the root of the source. Defaults to host cache directory.
· z: Set shared SELinux label on mounted destination. Enabled by default if SELinux is enabled on the host machine.
· Z: Set private SELinux label on mounted destination. Use if SELinux is enabled on host machine.--network, --net=mode
Sets the configuration for the network namespace for the container.
Valid mode values are:
- none: no networking. Invalid if using --dns, --dns-opt, or --dns-search;
- host: use the host network stack. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure;
- ns:path: path to a network namespace to join;
- private: create a new namespace for the container (default)
- <network name|ID>: Join the network with the given name or ID, e.g. use
--network mynetto join the network with the name mynet. Only supported for rootful users. - slirp4netns[:OPTIONS,...]: use slirp4netns(1) to create a user network stack. This is the default for rootless containers. It is possible to specify these additional options, they can also be set with
network_cmd_optionsin containers.conf:- allow_host_loopback=true|false: Allow slirp4netns to reach the host loopback IP (default is 10.0.2.2 or the second IP from slirp4netns cidr subnet when changed, see the cidr option below). The default is false.
- mtu=MTU: Specify the MTU to use for this network. (Default is
65520). - cidr=CIDR: Specify ip range to use for this network. (Default is
10.0.2.0/24). - enable_ipv6=true|false: Enable IPv6. Default is true. (Required for
outbound_addr6). - outbound_addr=INTERFACE: Specify the outbound interface slirp binds to (ipv4 traffic only).
- outbound_addr=IPv4: Specify the outbound ipv4 address slirp binds to.
- outbound_addr6=INTERFACE: Specify the outbound interface slirp binds to (ipv6 traffic only).
- outbound_addr6=IPv6: Specify the outbound ipv6 address slirp binds to.
- pasta[:OPTIONS,...]: use pasta(1) to create a user-mode networking
stack.
This is only supported in rootless mode.
By default, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and routes, as well as the pod interface name, are copied from the host. If port forwarding isn't configured, ports are forwarded dynamically as services are bound on either side (init namespace or container namespace). Port forwarding preserves the original source IP address. Options described in pasta(1) can be specified as comma-separated arguments.
In terms of pasta(1) options, --config-net is given by default, in order to configure networking when the container is started, and --no-map-gw is also assumed by default, to avoid direct access from container to host using the gateway address. The latter can be overridden by passing --map-gw in the pasta-specific options (despite not being an actual pasta(1) option).
Also, -t none and -u none are passed to disable automatic port forwarding based on bound ports. Similarly, -T none and -U none are given to disable the same functionality from container to host.
Some examples:- pasta:--map-gw: Allow the container to directly reach the host using the gateway address.
- pasta:--mtu,1500: Specify a 1500 bytes MTU for the tap interface in the container.
- pasta:--ipv4-only,-a,10.0.2.0,-n,24,-g,10.0.2.2,--dns-forward,10.0.2.3,-m,1500,--no-ndp,--no-dhcpv6,--no-dhcp,
equivalent to default slirp4netns(1) options: disable IPv6, assign
10.0.2.0/24to thetap0interface in the container, with gateway10.0.2.3, enable DNS forwarder reachable at10.0.2.3, set MTU to 1500 bytes, disable NDP, DHCPv6 and DHCP support. - pasta:-I,tap0,--ipv4-only,-a,10.0.2.0,-n,24,-g,10.0.2.2,--dns-forward,10.0.2.3,--no-ndp,--no-dhcpv6,--no-dhcp, equivalent to default slirp4netns(1) options with Podman overrides: same as above, but leave the MTU to 65520 bytes
- pasta:-t,auto,-u,auto,-T,auto,-U,auto: enable automatic port forwarding based on observed bound ports from both host and container sides
- pasta:-T,5201: enable forwarding of TCP port 5201 from container to host, using the loopback interface instead of the tap interface for improved performance
--no-hostname
Do not create the /etc/hostname file in the container for RUN instructions.
By default, Buildah manages the /etc/hostname file, adding the container's own hostname. When the --no-hostname option is set, the image's /etc/hostname will be preserved unmodified if it exists.
--no-hosts
Do not create the /etc/hosts file in the container for RUN instructions.
By default, Buildah manages /etc/hosts, adding the container's own IP address. --no-hosts disables this, and the image's /etc/hosts will be preserved unmodified.
--no-pivot
Do not use pivot root to jail process inside rootfs. This should be used whenever the rootfs is on top of a ramdisk.
Note: You can make this option the default by setting the BUILDAH_NOPIVOT
environment variable. export BUILDAH_NOPIVOT=true
--pid how
Sets the configuration for the PID namespace for the container.
The configured value can be "" (the empty string) or "private" to indicate
that a new PID namespace should be created, or it can be "host" to indicate
that the PID namespace in which buildah itself is being run should be reused,
or it can be the path to a PID namespace which is already in use by another
process.
--runtime path
The path to an alternate OCI-compatible runtime. Default is runc, or crun when machine is configured to use cgroups V2.
Note: You can also override the default runtime by setting the BUILDAH_RUNTIME
environment variable. export BUILDAH_RUNTIME=/usr/bin/crun
--runtime-flag flag
Adds global flags for the container runtime. To list the supported flags, please
consult the manpages of the selected container runtime.
Note: Do not pass the leading -- to the flag. To pass the runc flag --log-format json
to buildah run, the option given would be --runtime-flag log-format=json.
--tty, --terminal, -t
By default a pseudo-TTY is allocated only when buildah's standard input is
attached to a pseudo-TTY. Setting the --tty option to true will cause a
pseudo-TTY to be allocated inside the container connecting the user's "terminal"
with the stdin and stdout stream of the container. Setting the --tty option to
false will prevent the pseudo-TTY from being allocated.
--user user[:group]
Set the user to be used for running the command in the container. The user can be specified as a user name or UID, optionally followed by a group name or GID, separated by a colon (':'). If names are used, the container should include entries for those names in its /etc/passwd and /etc/group files.
--uts how
Sets the configuration for the UTS namespace for the container.
The configured value can be "" (the empty string) or "private" to indicate
that a new UTS namespace should be created, or it can be "host" to indicate
that the UTS namespace in which buildah itself is being run should be reused,
or it can be the path to a UTS namespace which is already in use by another
process.
--volume, -v source:destination:options
Create a bind mount. If you specify, -v /HOST-DIR:/CONTAINER-DIR, Buildah
bind mounts /HOST-DIR in the host to /CONTAINER-DIR in the Buildah
container. The OPTIONS are a comma delimited list and can be:
- [rw|ro]
- [U]
- [z|Z]
- [
[r]shared|[r]slave|[r]private] [1]
The CONTAINER-DIR must be an absolute path such as /src/docs. The HOST-DIR
must be an absolute path as well. Buildah bind-mounts the HOST-DIR to the
path you specify. For example, if you supply /foo as the host path,
Buildah copies the contents of /foo to the container filesystem on the host
and bind mounts that into the container.
You can specify multiple -v options to mount one or more mounts to a container.
Write Protected Volume Mounts
You can add the :ro or :rw suffix to a volume to mount it read-only or
read-write mode, respectively. By default, the volumes are mounted read-write.
See examples.
Chowning Volume Mounts
By default, Buildah does not change the owner and group of source volume directories mounted into containers. If a container is created in a new user namespace, the UID and GID in the container may correspond to another UID and GID on the host.
The :U suffix tells Buildah to use the correct host UID and GID based on the UID and GID within the container, to change the owner and group of the source volume.
Labeling Volume Mounts
Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume content mounted into a container. Without a label, the security system might prevent the processes running inside the container from using the content. By default, Buildah does not change the labels set by the OS.
To change a label in the container context, you can add either of two suffixes
:z or :Z to the volume mount. These suffixes tell Buildah to relabel file
objects on the shared volumes. The z option tells Buildah that two containers
share the volume content. As a result, Buildah labels the content with a shared
content label. Shared volume labels allow all containers to read/write content.
The Z option tells Buildah to label the content with a private unshared label.
Only the current container can use a private volume.
By default bind mounted volumes are private. That means any mounts done
inside container will not be visible on the host and vice versa. This behavior can
be changed by specifying a volume mount propagation property.
When the mount propagation policy is set to shared, any mounts completed inside
the container on that volume will be visible to both the host and container. When
the mount propagation policy is set to slave, one way mount propagation is enabled
and any mounts completed on the host for that volume will be visible only inside of the container.
To control the mount propagation property of the volume use the :[r]shared,
:[r]slave or :[r]private propagation flag. The propagation property can
be specified only for bind mounted volumes and not for internal volumes or
named volumes. For mount propagation to work on the source mount point (the mount point
where source dir is mounted on) it has to have the right propagation properties. For
shared volumes, the source mount point has to be shared. And for slave volumes,
the source mount has to be either shared or slave. [1]
Use df <source-dir> to determine the source mount and then use
findmnt -o TARGET,PROPAGATION <source-mount-dir> to determine propagation
properties of source mount, if findmnt utility is not available, the source mount point
can be determined by looking at the mount entry in /proc/self/mountinfo. Look
at optional fields and see if any propagation properties are specified.
shared:X means the mount is shared, master:X means the mount is slave and if
nothing is there that means the mount is private. [1]
To change propagation properties of a mount point use the mount command. For
example, to bind mount the source directory /foo do
mount --bind /foo /foo and mount --make-private --make-shared /foo. This
will convert /foo into a shared mount point. The propagation properties of the source
mount can be changed directly. For instance if / is the source mount for
/foo, then use mount --make-shared / to convert / into a shared mount.
--workingdir directory
Temporarily set the working directory for the running process. Unlike
buildah config --workingdir, the workingdir will not persist to later
calls to buildah run or the built image.
NOTE: End parsing of options with the -- option, so that other
options can be passed to the command inside of the container.
buildah run containerID -- ps -auxw
buildah run --hostname myhost containerID -- ps -auxw
buildah run containerID -- sh -c 'echo $PATH'
buildah run --runtime-flag log-format=json containerID /bin/bash
buildah run --runtime-flag debug containerID /bin/bash
buildah run --tty containerID /bin/bash
buildah run --tty=false containerID ls /
buildah run --volume /path/on/host:/path/in/container:ro,z containerID sh
buildah run -v /path/on/host:/path/in/container:z,U containerID sh
buildah run --mount type=bind,src=/tmp/on:host,dst=/in:container,ro containerID sh
buildah(1), buildah-from(1), buildah-config(1), namespaces(7), pid_namespaces(7), crun(1), runc(8), containers.conf(5)
1: The Buildah project is committed to inclusivity, a core value of open source. The master and slave mount propagation terminology used here is problematic and divisive, and should be changed. However, these terms are currently used within the Linux kernel and must be used as-is at this time. When the kernel maintainers rectify this usage, Buildah will follow suit immediately.