Compare major-minor specifiers when filtering interpreters (#11952)

## Summary

If we're looking at (e.g.) `python3.12`, and we have a `requires-python:
">=3.12.7, <3.13"`, then checking if the range includes `3.12` will
return `false`. Instead, we need to look at the lower- and upper-bound
major-minors of the `requires-python`.

Closes #11825.

Author: charliermarsh

crates/uv-python/src/discovery.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ use which::{which, which_all};
 use uv_cache::Cache;
 use uv_fs::which::is_executable;
 use uv_fs::Simplified;
-use uv_pep440::{Prerelease, Version, VersionSpecifier, VersionSpecifiers};
+use uv_pep440::{
+    release_specifiers_to_ranges, LowerBound, Prerelease, UpperBound, Version, VersionSpecifier,
+    VersionSpecifiers,
+};
 use uv_static::EnvVars;
 use uv_warnings::warn_user_once;
 
@@ -2178,7 +2181,23 @@ impl VersionRequest {
                 (*self_major, *self_minor) == (major, minor)
             }
             Self::Range(specifiers, _) => {
-                specifiers.contains(&Version::new([u64::from(major), u64::from(minor)]))
+                let range = release_specifiers_to_ranges(specifiers.clone());
+                let Some((lower, upper)) = range.bounding_range() else {
+                    return true;
+                };
+                let version = Version::new([u64::from(major), u64::from(minor)]);
+
+                let lower = LowerBound::new(lower.cloned());
+                if !lower.major_minor().contains(&version) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                let upper = UpperBound::new(upper.cloned());
+                if !upper.major_minor().contains(&version) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                true
             }
             Self::MajorMinorPrerelease(self_major, self_minor, _, _) => {
                 (*self_major, *self_minor) == (major, minor)

crates/uv/tests/it/python_find.rs

@@ -663,3 +663,47 @@ fn python_find_venv_invalid() {
     ----- stderr -----
     "###);
 }
+
+/// See: <https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/11825>
+#[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn python_required_python_major_minor() {
+    let context: TestContext = TestContext::new_with_versions(&["3.11", "3.12"]);
+
+    // Find the Python 3.11 executable.
+    let path = &context.python_versions.first().unwrap().1;
+
+    // Symlink it to `python3.11`.
+    fs_err::create_dir_all(context.temp_dir.child("child")).unwrap();
+    std::os::unix::fs::symlink(path, context.temp_dir.child("child").join("python3.11")).unwrap();
+
+    // Find `python3.11`, which is `>=3.11.4`.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_find().arg(">=3.11.4, <3.12").env(EnvVars::UV_TEST_PYTHON_PATH, context.temp_dir.child("child").path()), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    [TEMP_DIR]/child/python3.11
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+
+    // Find `python3.11`, which is `>3.11.4`.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_find().arg(">3.11.4, <3.12").env(EnvVars::UV_TEST_PYTHON_PATH, context.temp_dir.child("child").path()), @r###"
+    success: true
+    exit_code: 0
+    ----- stdout -----
+    [TEMP_DIR]/child/python3.11
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    "###);
+
+    // Fail to find any matching Python interpreter.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.python_find().arg(">3.11.255, <3.12").env(EnvVars::UV_TEST_PYTHON_PATH, context.temp_dir.child("child").path()), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    error: No interpreter found for Python >3.11.[X], <3.12 in virtual environments, managed installations, or search path
+    "###);
+}