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Build Arduino Leonardo Kyb

Amiga 500 Keyboard - Arduino Leonardo

Welcome to the Amiga 500 Keyboard interfacing project! This guide will help you connect and map the iconic Amiga 500 keyboard to an Arduino Leonardo, allowing you to bring new life to this classic piece of hardware. By following the instructions provided, you can retrofit the Amiga 500 keyboard for modern applications while preserving its unique layout and feel.

For a demonstration of the original Amiga 500 keyboard in action, visit the Amiga Undead GitHub repository.

Wiring Information

This section describes the wiring for connecting the Amiga 500 keyboard to an Arduino Leonardo.

To connect the Amiga 500 keyboard to the Arduino Leonardo, refer to the following table:

Connector Pin Function Wire Color Arduino Leonardo IO Pin
1 KBDATA Black 8
2 KBCLK Brown 9
3 KBRST Red 10
4 5V Orange 5V
5 NC - -
6 GND Green GND
7 LED1 Blue 5V
8 LED2 Purple -
  • KBDATA (Black, Pin 1): Connects to Arduino Leonardo digital pin 8. This line transmits data from the keyboard to the Arduino.
  • KBCLK (Brown, Pin 2): Connects to Arduino Leonardo digital pin 9. This line provides the clock signal for synchronization.
  • KBRST (Red, Pin 3): Connects to Arduino Leonardo digital pin 10. This line allows the Arduino to send a reset signal to the keyboard.
  • 5V (Orange, Pin 4): Connects to the 5V power supply on the Arduino.
  • NC (Pin 5): Not connected.
  • GND (Green, Pin 6): Connects to the GND pin on the Arduino.
  • LED1 (Blue, Pin 7): Connects to 5V for indicating power.
  • LED2 (Purple, Pin 8): Not connected.

Amiga 500 Keyboard Layout

Amiga 500 Keyboard Layout

Credit: AmigaOS Wiki

Help Key Special Functions

The Help key on the Amiga 500 keyboard is used as a modifier in this implementation, enabling additional functions when combined with other keys. Below are the available combinations and their corresponding functions.

Key Combination Function
Help + F1 F11
Help + F2 F12
Help + NumL (on numpad) Toggle NumLock
Help + Scr L (on numpad) Toggle ScrollLock
Help + Ptr Sc (on numpad) Print Screen
Help + Ins (on numpad) Insert
Help + Del (on numpad) Delete
Help + Pg Dn (on numpad) Page Down
Help + Pg Up (on numpad) Page Up
Help + Home (on numpad) Home
Help + End (on numpad) End
Help + F3 Mute
Help + F4 Volume Down
Help + F5 Volume Up
Help + F6 Play/Pause
Help + F7 Stop
Help + F8 Previous Track
Help + F9 Next Track
Help + F10 Application/Special Key

Important Note about NumLock

When NumLock is turned off, the following keys on the numeric keypad function as navigation keys by default:

  • Insert, Delete, Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down.
  • The arrow keys on the numeric keypad (2, 4, 6, and 8) also function as cursor movement keys.

With NumLock turned on, these keys will function as standard numeric keys instead. Con be conbined with Help key for alternative function.

Key Function Descriptions

  • Help: Activates specific special functions or multimedia controls when used in combination with other keys.
  • Help + Navigation Keys:
    • Help + Ins: Insert.
    • Help + Del: Delete.
    • Help + Pg Dn: Page Down.
    • Help + Pg Up: Page Up.
    • Help + Home: Home.
    • Help + End: End.
  • Help + F3 to F10: Controls multimedia functions:
    • Help + F3: Mute the system audio.
    • Help + F4: Decrease the volume.
    • Help + F5: Increase the volume.
    • Help + F6: Toggle Play/Pause for media.
    • Help + F7: Stop media playback.
    • Help + F8: Go to the previous track.
    • Help + F9: Go to the next track.
    • Help + F10: Application or Special Key, can be used for opening context menus or other system functions.
  • Help + F1 and F2: Standard F11 and F12 functions.

This wiring and mapping setup allows the Amiga 500 keyboard to interface with the Arduino Leonardo effectively, bringing additional functionality with the Help key for multimedia and navigation control. The setup is ideal for retrofitting the keyboard for modern applications while retaining its unique layout and feel.

Build and Upload Guide

This guide will help you compile and upload the Amiga 500 Keyboard converter code to an Arduino Leonardo. Choose between the Arduino CLI (for command-line users) or the Arduino IDE (beginner-friendly) to get started.

Option 1: Arduino CLI (Command Line)

This method is ideal for users comfortable with the command line. Arduino CLI allows for efficient building and uploading.

Requirements

  • Arduino Leonardo connected via USB
  • Arduino CLI installed

Steps

  1. Install Arduino CLI:

    curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | sh
sudo mv bin/arduino-cli /usr/local/bin/

  2. Configure Arduino CLI:

    arduino-cli config init
arduino-cli core update-index
arduino-cli core install arduino:avr
arduino-cli lib install "Keyboard"

  3. Connect Arduino Leonardo via USB and identify the port:

    arduino-cli board list
    • Note your board’s port (e.g., /dev/ttyACM0) and FQBN (arduino:avr:leonardo).

  4. Compile the Sketch: Navigate to the directory containing your .ino file (e.g., Amiga500-USB-Keyboard-Leonardo.ino) and run:

    arduino-cli compile --fqbn arduino:avr:leonardo Amiga500-USB-Keyboard-Leonardo.ino

  5. Upload the Sketch:

    arduino-cli upload -p /dev/ttyACM0 --fqbn arduino:avr:leonardo Amiga500-USB-Keyboard-Leonardo.ino
    • Replace /dev/ttyACM0 with your actual port if different.

  6. Test the Uploaded Sketch:

    • Connect your Amiga 500 keyboard and verify functionality in a text editor.

Option 2: Arduino IDE (Beginner-Friendly)

The Arduino IDE provides a graphical interface for writing, compiling, and uploading Arduino sketches.

Steps

  1. Install the Arduino IDE:

  2. Install the Keyboard Library:

    • In the Arduino IDE, go to Tools > Manage Libraries....
    • In the Library Manager, search for "Keyboard" and install the Keyboard library.

  3. Open Your Sketch:

    • Launch the Arduino IDE.
    • Go to File > New, paste your code, and save it as Amiga500-USB-Keyboard-Leonardo.ino.

  4. Select Board and Port:

    • Go to Tools > Board > Arduino Leonardo.
    • Go to Tools > Port and select the port for your Arduino Leonardo.

  5. Compile and Upload:

    • Click Verify (checkmark icon) to compile.
    • Click Upload (arrow icon) to upload the sketch to the board.

  6. Test the Keyboard:

    • Connect your Amiga 500 keyboard to the Arduino Leonardo.
    • Open a text editor and verify functionality.

Additional Notes

  • Linux Permissions: If you encounter permission issues on Linux, add your user to the dialout group:

    sudo usermod -a -G dialout $USER

    Log out and back in for changes to take effect.

  • Troubleshooting:

    • Ensure correct board and port selection.
    • Double-check wiring connections.

TODO

  • Implement 4 slots for macro recording and replay
  • Add auto-repeat keys function
  • Create some predefined useful macros