command_line.md

title
Command line stuff

List (ls)

ls [options] [paths]

Format

Switch	Description
-1	One entry per line
-l	Long view
-o	Long view (without groups)
-C	Multicolumn (sorted horizontally)
-x	Multicolumn (sorted vertically)
---
-F	Add / after directories
-G	Color
{:.shortcuts}

Options

| -R | Recurse | | -a | Include hidden (dotfiles) | | -A | Include hidden (but not . and ..) | {:.shortcuts}

Sorting

Switch	Description
-r	reverse order
-S	sort by size
-t	sort by time modified
-u	sort by time accessed
-U	sort by time created
-c	sort by time status was changed
---
-h	Human-readable size (3k)
{:.shortcuts}

Tail

tail [-F | -f | -r] [-bN | -cN | -nN] [file ...]

Modes

| -f | follow | | -F | follow by filename (accounts for log rotation) | | -r | Reverse order | {:.shortcuts}

Options

| -bN | N*512 bytes | | -cN | N bytes | | -nN | N lines | | +N | Start from line N | {:.shortcuts}

Sudo

sudo [options] <command>

Listing

| -l | List allowed commands | {:.shortcuts}

Options

| -A | Use $SUDO_ASKPASS | | -b | Run in background | | -E | Preserve environment | | -H | use target's $HOME | | -n | Don't prompt for password | | -P | Preserve group vector | | -S | Read password from stdin | {:.shortcuts}

File descriptors

| -C fd | Close all open file descriptors | {:.shortcuts}

Prompt

| -p prompt | Custom prompt (-p "%p password:") | {:.shortcuts}

Interactive

Switch	Description
-i [cmd]	Interactive shell without variables
-s [cmd]	Interactive shell
----
-u user	run as this user
-g group	run as this group
{:.shortcuts}

Timestamp

| -v | revalidate timestamp for 5 mins | | -k | invalidate timestamp | | -K | just like -k | {:.shortcuts}

wc (Word count)

... | wc [options]

| -c | Bytes | | -l | Lines | | -m | Characters (incl multi-byte) | | -w | Words | {:.shortcuts}

Search-and-replace in all files

perl -p -i -e 's/hello/HELLO/g' **/*

Grep

grep [options] [pattern] [file ...]

Options

Switch	Description
-A num	Print num lines of training context
----
-G	--basic-regexp (default)
-E	--extended-regexp
-P	--perl-regexp
----
-f file	--file (Get patterns for file)
-F	--fixed-strings
----
-h	--no-filename
-H	--with-filename
----
-l	--files-with-matches (just print filenames)
-L	--files-without-match
----
-r, -R	--recursive
-v	--invert-match
-i	--ignore-case
{:.shortcuts}

Synonyms

egrep  =>  grep -E
fgrep  =>  grep -F