Initial Code Upload

Initial upload of all code to GitHub

Author: Judahmeek

C Sharp/Alt Char.cs

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+/*
+
+ https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/alternating-characters
+ 
+Problem Statement
+
+Shashank likes strings in which consecutive characters are different. For example, he likes ABABA, while he doesn't like ABAA. Given a string containing characters A and B only, he wants to change it into a string he likes. To do this, he is allowed to delete the characters in the string.
+
+Your task is to find the minimum number of required deletions.
+
+Input Format
+
+The first line contains an integer T, i.e. the number of test cases. 
+The next T lines contain a string each.
+
+Output Format
+
+For each test case, print the minimum number of deletions required.
+
+Constraints
+
+1≤T≤10 
+1≤ length of string ≤105
+Sample Input
+
+5
+AAAA
+BBBBB
+ABABABAB
+BABABA
+AAABBB
+
+Sample Output
+
+3
+4
+0
+0
+4
+
+Explanation
+
+AAAA ⟹ A, 3 deletions
+BBBBB ⟹ B, 4 deletions
+ABABABAB ⟹ ABABABAB, 0 deletions
+BABABA ⟹ BABABA, 0 deletions
+AAABBB ⟹ AB, 4 deletions
+
+*/
+
+// I left the default hackerrank using statements. Had this been development code, I would have restricted using statements to minimize chances of namespace collisions.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+class Solution {
+    static void Main(String[] args) {
+        int sent = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
+        for( ; sent > 0; sent-=1){
+            String target = Console.ReadLine();
+            int count = 0;
+            int length = target.Length - 1;
+            for(int i = 0; i<length; ++i){
+                if(target[i] == target[i + 1])
+                    ++count;
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine(count);
+        }
+    }
+}

C++/Basic file IO.cpp

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+/*
+
+Incomplete class assignment that I assisted another student with file I/O
+
+/************************************************************************************************************
+The file semgrades4.txt contains data for an unknown number of students in this format:
+Line 1:		student name			
+Line 2: 		six int quiz grades separated by a blank space
+Line 3:		at least one (but possibly up to six) int project grades, separated by a blank space 
+            			and terminated by -1
+Line 4:  	two int exam grades
+Line 5:  	int number of absences
+
+Example of file entries:
+
+Michael Palin
+ 70  30  70  80  85  90 
+100 -1
+ 75  85
+4
+Eric Idle
+ 75  80  70  75  80  70
+ 70  80  90 100 -1
+ 70  88
+0
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+//************************************************************************************************************
+// Global Declarations
+
+
+// file input object
+ifstream inFile ("semgrades4.txt");		// input file stream variable
+void testTest (ifstream&);
+const int totalClasses = 30;
+const int totalQuizzes = 6;
+const int maxProjects = 6;
+const int totalExams = 2;
+
+//functional prototype
+int getInt(ifstream&);
+
+// struct
+	class Student		// class for class variable 
+	{
+		public:
+		string studentName;					// Student name variable
+		int quizGrades[totalQuizzes];				// quiz grades array
+		int projGrades[maxProjects];				// project grades array	
+		int totalProjects;	
+		int examGrades[totalExams];
+		int absences;
+		float courseAvg;
+		float adjustedAvg;
+				
+		public:
+		void readIn (ifstream &inFile);		// read in function
+		void printAll ();
+		
+	};
+	// class variable defined within main
+
+//**************************************************************************************************************
+// Local/ Main
+
+int main() {
+
+testTest (inFile);
+
+Student sOne = Student();
+
+while (inFile.peek() != EOF){
+	sOne.readIn(inFile);
+	sOne.printAll();
+}
+
+
+	
+return 0;
+
+}
+//****************************************************************************************
+
+// Function definitions
+
+void testTest (ifstream &infile){
+
+// inFile test	
+	if (inFile.fail()){ 
+		cout << "Error has occured, file not sucessfully opened. " << endl; 
+	}
+		else {
+		 	cout << "File has opened sucessfully. " << endl ; 
+		}
+		 	 
+};
+
+void Student::readIn (ifstream &inFile){			
+	
+	int i, j;
+	getline(inFile, studentName);
+	for(i = 0; i < totalQuizzes; ++i){
+		quizGrades[i] = getInt(inFile);
+	}
+	for(i = 0; i < maxProjects; ++i){
+		j = getInt(inFile);
+		if(j == -1){
+			totalProjects = i;
+			i = maxProjects;
+		}
+		else{
+			projGrades[i] = j;
+		}
+	}
+	for(i = 0; i < totalExams; ++i){
+		examGrades[i] = getInt(inFile);
+	}
+	absences = getInt(inFile); 	
+}
+
+int getInt(ifstream &inFile){
+	
+	int sign = 1;
+	int magnitude = 0;
+	char c;
+	
+	inFile.get(c);	
+	while(c < '0' || c > '9'){
+		if(c == '-'){
+			c = inFile.peek();
+			if(c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+				sign = -1;
+		}
+			
+		inFile.get(c);
+	}
+	
+	while(c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+		magnitude *= 10;
+		magnitude += (c - '0');
+		inFile.get(c);
+	}
+	
+	return sign * magnitude;
+};
+
+void Student:: printAll(){
+	
+	cout << studentName << endl;
+	
+	int i;
+	cout << "Quizz Grades: ";
+	for(i = 0; i < totalQuizzes; ++i){
+		cout << quizGrades[i] << ' ';
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+	
+	cout << "Project Grades: ";
+	for(i = 0; i < totalProjects; ++i){
+		cout << projGrades[i] << ' ';
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+	
+	cout << "Exam Grades: ";
+	for(i = 0; i < totalExams; ++i){
+		cout << examGrades[i] << ' ';
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+	
+	cout << absences << endl;
+	
+};
+

C++/C++ Summary/C++ Summary.cpp

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+Activating a program
+/*In order to run this program, you must link all the files together through a makefile, run the files through a
+compiler and a linker, and then run the resulting executible file.*/
+
+Linking modules/headers/etc
+#include <cstdlib> //#include links header and implementation files
+#include exampleImpl.h
+#include exampleImpl.cpp
+
+namespaces
+using std::cin; //includes object from std namespace, to include all std variables use "using namespace std;"
+using newType = existingType; //preferred way to create type aliases
+typedef existingType newType; //old way to create type aliases
+
+program structure
+void function(int parameter); /*function prototype, provides the compiler with a "name" for the function
+variable types: char, int, double, bool, void, nullptr
+type casting: (type) variable*/ IMPORTANT!!! In C++, the explicit keyword is your best friend. Put it in front of every variable possible.
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ //every program must have one and only one main function. char* argv[] is an array of char pointers
+}
+
+operators //Can be overloaded: returnType leftOperand/Namespace::operator=( type rightOperand )
+assignment: =
+arithmetic; +, -, *, /, %
+bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
+compound assignment: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, ^=, |=, <<=, >>=
+in/decrement: ++, --
+comparison: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
+logical: !, &&, ||
+conditional: statement ? ifTrue : ifFalse
+Special operators: sizeof(x), typedef(x)
+ 
+Input from Standard input
+cin >> stringVariable;
+
+Output to standard output
+cout << "String";
+
+Input from file
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+ifstream myFile;
+myFile.open("path/to/file");
+if(myFile.is_open){
+	while(!myFile.eof()){
+		myFile >> stringVar;
+		//do things
+	}
+}
+
+Output to file
+ofstream myFile;
+//same as above
+	myFile << stringVar;
+}
+myFile.close;
+
+variable scope: package, file, function, block, class/"static"
+Flow control: if, else, switch
+Repetition: while, do while, for, for-each
+Functions: pass by value, pass by reference
+overloading: returnType namespace::sameFunctionName( different parameters){};
+
+Array initialization// elementVariable = arrayName[index]; 
+type foo[number];
+type bar[number] = {element1, element2, etc...};
+
+//C style arrays are not self aware, so if you pass one as a function argument, you should also pass the size of the array.
+
+Strings: finding substrings, concatenation, comparison
+
+Objects: initialization, modification, deletion
+object = new constructor() or struct //struct structure: struct name {dataType dataMember, otherType otherMember, etc... }
+delete object; //calls object's destructor
+
+Structs
+unions: different types sharing the same memory address
+enum struct: array of constants
+
+Standard objects: vectors, lists, stacks, deques, queques, maps, sets
+
+Inheritance: multiple inheritance //covered in example.h
+polymorphism: /*using a baseClass pointer aimed at a derivedClass, you can call any method that the baseClass has. If the method has been overwritten by the derivedClass, then that
+behavior will be implemented instead*/ C++'s virtual method = java's abstract method. If a virtual method =0 / has no implementation, then the class is abstract
+
+Exception Handling:
+try, catch(exception e), catch(...)
+
+Special Features:
+generics
+template <class T>
+returnType function(T arg){ //classes can also be templates: class Example{T genericDataMember; }
+}
+
+pointers //variables that contain memory addresses of variables or objects
+object *pointer = &object; //& is an operator which returns the address of object
+objectsAddress = pointer;
+object = *pointer;
+object **seriousPointer = &pointer; //just keep adding asterisks
+returnType (*functionPointer) (parameters) = functionName; //pointers can point to functions as well
+pointer = null; //killing a pointer
+
+const
+const int = 1; //constant variables can not be modified after initialization
+const int* const pointer = &x; //constant pointer to const int. either const could be removed
+
+type-casting //Since C++ is strongly typed, type casting is required more often then not
+dynamic_cast <newType> (oldType) //Strictest cast. Uses runtime type info to confirm type safety
+static_cast same //Allows casts between any related classes. No safety checks
+reinterpret_cast same //Allows any type of casting. Dangerous
+const_cast same //Should only be used to make a non constant variable constant so said variable can be used with constant functions

C++/C++ Summary/C++ Summary.hpp

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+#ifndef EXAMPLE_H //a preprocessor directive to minimize excess linking
+#define EXAMPLE_H //other useful directive include #ifdef, #if, #else, #elif, and #undef
+
+/*classes can also be const, which means its data members are read only once initialized*/ derivedClass Example: public baseClass, public otherBaseClass?
+//multiple inheritance is possible in C++ although not recommended
+{
+	friend objects or functions;
+public:
+	function prototypes and data members; //data members and methods can be referenced by either class.name or by class->name
+	Example(); //Constructor
+	~Example(); //Destructor
+protected:
+	same;
+private:
+	same;
+	memberObject;
+	returnType privateMethod(parameters); //methods can also be const, which means they do not modify any data members
+};
+
+/*Every class has 6 implicit methods: constructor (C::C()), destructor (C::~C()),
+copy constructor (C::C(const C)), copy assignment (C& operator= (const C)), move constructor (C::C(C&&)),
+and move assignment (C& operator= (C&&)). These methods can be explicitly modified, defaulted, or deleted.*/
+
+#endif