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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +layout: intro |
| 3 | +theme: neversink |
| 4 | +color: bowdoin |
| 5 | +routerMode: hash |
| 6 | +favicon: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9260792 |
| 7 | +--- |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +## Intellectual Property Protections <twemoji-locked /> |
| 10 | +#### Module 2: Intellectual Property |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +<br> |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +<hr><br> |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +Christopher Martin - _Bowdoin College_ <a href="https://bowdoin.edu/" class="ns-c-iconlink"><mdi-open-in-new /></a> |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +--- |
| 20 | +layout: section |
| 21 | +color: bowdoin |
| 22 | +--- |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +## Last class, we came to the conclusion it is important to protect IP.. |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +<br> |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +### However, we also determined different things need to be protected in different ways... |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +<twemoji-thinking-face v-drag="[836,374,96,89]" /> |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +--- |
| 33 | +layout: top-title |
| 34 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 35 | +--- |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +:: title :: |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +# Trade Secret |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +:: content :: |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +# The first way IP can be protected is as a ==Trade Secret==! |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +### A trade secret is a confidential piece of intellectual property that gives an individual or company a competitive advantage! |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +<br> |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +### In order for IP to qualify as a trade secret, it must meet the following three criteria as defined by the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) of 1996. |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +- #### The IP is must be information is that has either actual or potential economic value and is not generally known.. |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +- #### The IP must have value to others who cannot legitimately obtain the information.. |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +- #### The IP must be subject to _reasonable efforts_ to maintain its secrecy.. |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +### <u>Trade secret protections don't expire if these three criteria are maintained!</u> |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +<br> |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +<twemoji-shushing-face v-drag="[877,143,96,89]" /> |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +--- |
| 64 | +layout: top-title |
| 65 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 66 | +--- |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +:: title :: |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +# Trade Secret Weaknesses |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +:: content :: |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +### ==Reverse engineering== is an allowed method to discover a trade secret! |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +<br> |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +### May be compromised when employees leave a company or if a falling out occurs resulting in information being leaked! |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | +- #### ==Non-disclosure agreements== (NDAs) are legally enforceable contracts that create a confidential relationship between parties where one party has sensitive information and another party will gain access to that information |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +- #### NDAs count as showing _reasonable efforts_ towards maintain secrecy.. |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | +- #### However, human memory cannot be erased! An improved idea may be brought to a new company. |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | +### ==What is an example of a trade secret?== |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +--- |
| 89 | +layout: top-title |
| 90 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 91 | +--- |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +:: title :: |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +# Trade Secret Law |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +:: content :: |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +## The ==Economic Espionage Act (EEA) of 1996== criminalizes trade theft under two sets of circumstances. <u>Economic espionage</u> and the <u>theft of trade interstate or foreign</u> are prosecuted by the Department of Justice and are punishable by imprisonment and/or fines. |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +<br> |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +## The ==Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA) of 2016== amended the EEA to establish a private civil cause of action for the misappropriation of a trade secret. |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +<br> |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +### ==Have you ever had to sign an NDA?== |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +<br> |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +### ==How will NDAs and Trade Secrets affect / protect you?== |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +--- |
| 114 | +layout: top-title |
| 115 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 116 | +--- |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | +:: title :: |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +# Trademark™ and Service Mark℠ |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +:: content :: |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +# The second way is with a ==Trademark== or ==Service Mark==! |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +### Trademarks are used to identify goods while Service Marks are used to identify services! |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +- The ™ symbol is used to identify an unregistered trademark! |
| 130 | + |
| 131 | +- The ℠ symbol is used to identify an unregistered servicemark! |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | +- The ® symbol is used to identify a federally registered trademark or service mark! |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +<br> |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +### Trademarks and service marks are registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office but it is up to the company to defend / protect the mark. |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +<br> |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | +### This gives companies the ability to establish a “brand name” which gives confidence / preference to customers! |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +--- |
| 145 | +layout: top-title |
| 146 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 147 | +--- |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | +:: title :: |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +# Trademark Weaknesses |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +:: content :: |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | +## So long as the mark is defended, the protection never expires! |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | +<br> |
| 159 | + |
| 160 | +### However, if brand's name becomes common noun, the mark may be lost! |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +- Companies can advertise to protect their trademarks keeping them known |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +- However, companies need to actively monitor their use and contact those who misuse them! |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | +<br> |
| 167 | + |
| 168 | +#### The ==Lanham Act of 1946== is the primary federal trademark statute of law in the United States. The Act prohibits several activities, including trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and false advertising! |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +<br> |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +#### ==What are some examples of a brand's name being so popular it is used as a noun?== |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +<br> |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | +#### ==How will trademarks and service marks affect / protect you?== |
| 177 | + |
| 178 | +--- |
| 179 | +layout: top-title |
| 180 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 181 | +--- |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +:: title :: |
| 184 | + |
| 185 | +# Patent |
| 186 | + |
| 187 | +:: content :: |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | +# The third way IP can be protected is with a ==Patent==! |
| 190 | + |
| 191 | +### Patents offers protection for a limited period of time to the creators of machines, systems, and other inventions. |
| 192 | + |
| 193 | +<br> |
| 194 | + |
| 195 | +## They require a public document that provides detailed description of an invention! |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +<br> |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +## They provide owners with exclusive rights for 20 years! |
| 200 | + |
| 201 | +<br> |
| 202 | + |
| 203 | +### ==Patent licensing== assigns the ownership of a patent to a third party such that they can make, use, and sell your invention either exclusively or non-exclusively, for an amount of pre-decided royalties. |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | +#### Allows an individual to make profit by selling the idea to a company! |
| 206 | + |
| 207 | +--- |
| 208 | +layout: top-title |
| 209 | +color: bowdoin-title |
| 210 | +--- |
| 211 | + |
| 212 | +:: title :: |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +# Patent Weaknesses |
| 215 | + |
| 216 | +:: content :: |
| 217 | + |
| 218 | +# Getting a patent is a very lengthy process defined by the Patent Act (35 U.S. Code). |
| 219 | + |
| 220 | +<br> |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +# Your invention must be completely unique! It can not have been described, used, or patented by someone else! |
| 223 | +### Requires a patent attorney and time to get! |
| 224 | + |
| 225 | +<br> |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | +# It is possible to apply for an International Patent but the process is more complex and your US patent is public! |
| 228 | + |
| 229 | +<br> |
| 230 | + |
| 231 | +### ==How will trademarks and service marks affect / protect you?== |
| 232 | + |
| 233 | +<twemoji-astonished-face v-drag="[856,397,96,89]" /> |
| 234 | + |
| 235 | +--- |
| 236 | +layout: section |
| 237 | +color: bowdoin |
| 238 | +--- |
| 239 | + |
| 240 | +# Questions? |
| 241 | + |
| 242 | +<twemoji-thinking-face v-drag="[813,227,96,89]" /> |
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