feat: add No.310,752

Author: BaffinLee

301-400/310. Minimum Height Trees.md

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+# 310. Minimum Height Trees
+
+- Difficulty: Medium.
+- Related Topics: Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search, Graph, Topological Sort.
+- Similar Questions: Course Schedule, Course Schedule II, Collect Coins in a Tree, Count Pairs of Connectable Servers in a Weighted Tree Network.
+
+## Problem
+
+A tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by *exactly* one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.
+
+Given a tree of `n` nodes labelled from `0` to `n - 1`, and an array of `n - 1` `edges` where `edges[i] = [ai, bi]` indicates that there is an undirected edge between the two nodes `ai` and `bi` in the tree, you can choose any node of the tree as the root. When you select a node `x` as the root, the result tree has height `h`. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height (i.e. `min(h)`)  are called **minimum height trees** (MHTs).
+
+Return **a list of all **MHTs'** root labels**. You can return the answer in **any order**.
+
+The **height** of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.
+
+ 
+Example 1:
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/09/01/e1.jpg)
+
+```
+Input: n = 4, edges = [[1,0],[1,2],[1,3]]
+Output: [1]
+Explanation: As shown, the height of the tree is 1 when the root is the node with label 1 which is the only MHT.
+```
+
+Example 2:
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2020/09/01/e2.jpg)
+
+```
+Input: n = 6, edges = [[3,0],[3,1],[3,2],[3,4],[5,4]]
+Output: [3,4]
+```
+
+ 
+**Constraints:**
+
+
+	
+- `1 <= n <= 2 * 104`
+	
+- `edges.length == n - 1`
+	
+- `0 <= ai, bi < n`
+	
+- `ai != bi`
+	
+- All the pairs `(ai, bi)` are distinct.
+	
+- The given input is **guaranteed** to be a tree and there will be **no repeated** edges.
+
+
+
+## Solution
+
+```javascript
+/**
+ * @param {number} n
+ * @param {number[][]} edges
+ * @return {number[]}
+ */
+var findMinHeightTrees = function(n, edges) {
+    if (!edges.length) return [0];
+    var map = Array(n).fill(0).map(() => new Map());
+    for (var i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) {
+        map[edges[i][0]].set(edges[i][1], true);
+        map[edges[i][1]].set(edges[i][0], true);
+    }
+    var arr = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (map[i].size === 1) {
+            arr.push(i);
+        }
+    }
+    while (n > 2) {
+        n -= arr.length;
+        var newArr = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+            var j = Array.from(map[arr[i]].keys())[0];
+            map[j].delete(arr[i]);
+            if (map[j].size === 1) {
+                newArr.push(j);
+            }
+        }
+        arr = newArr;
+    }
+    return arr;
+};
+```
+
+**Explain:**
+
+Delete every leaf untill there is only one or two nodes.
+
+**Complexity:**
+
+* Time complexity : O(n).
+* Space complexity : O(n).

701-800/752. Open the Lock.md

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+# 752. Open the Lock
+
+- Difficulty: Medium.
+- Related Topics: Array, Hash Table, String, Breadth-First Search.
+- Similar Questions: Reachable Nodes With Restrictions.
+
+## Problem
+
+You have a lock in front of you with 4 circular wheels. Each wheel has 10 slots: `'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'`. The wheels can rotate freely and wrap around: for example we can turn `'9'` to be `'0'`, or `'0'` to be `'9'`. Each move consists of turning one wheel one slot.
+
+The lock initially starts at `'0000'`, a string representing the state of the 4 wheels.
+
+You are given a list of `deadends` dead ends, meaning if the lock displays any of these codes, the wheels of the lock will stop turning and you will be unable to open it.
+
+Given a `target` representing the value of the wheels that will unlock the lock, return the minimum total number of turns required to open the lock, or -1 if it is impossible.
+
+ 
+Example 1:
+
+```
+Input: deadends = ["0201","0101","0102","1212","2002"], target = "0202"
+Output: 6
+Explanation: 
+A sequence of valid moves would be "0000" -> "1000" -> "1100" -> "1200" -> "1201" -> "1202" -> "0202".
+Note that a sequence like "0000" -> "0001" -> "0002" -> "0102" -> "0202" would be invalid,
+because the wheels of the lock become stuck after the display becomes the dead end "0102".
+```
+
+Example 2:
+
+```
+Input: deadends = ["8888"], target = "0009"
+Output: 1
+Explanation: We can turn the last wheel in reverse to move from "0000" -> "0009".
+```
+
+Example 3:
+
+```
+Input: deadends = ["8887","8889","8878","8898","8788","8988","7888","9888"], target = "8888"
+Output: -1
+Explanation: We cannot reach the target without getting stuck.
+```
+
+ 
+**Constraints:**
+
+
+	
+- `1 <= deadends.length <= 500`
+	
+- `deadends[i].length == 4`
+	
+- `target.length == 4`
+	
+- target **will not be** in the list `deadends`.
+	
+- `target` and `deadends[i]` consist of digits only.
+
+
+
+## Solution
+
+```javascript
+/**
+ * @param {string[]} deadends
+ * @param {string} target
+ * @return {number}
+ */
+var openLock = function(deadends, target) {
+    if (target === '0000') return 0;
+    var arr = ['0000'];
+    var visited = { '0000': true };
+    var deadendsMap = {};
+    for (var i = 0; i < deadends.length; i++) {
+        if (deadends[i] === '0000') return -1;
+        deadendsMap[deadends[i]] = true;
+    }
+    var res = 0;
+    while (arr.length) {
+        var newArr = [];
+        res += 1;
+        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+            var nexts = getNexts(arr[i]);
+            for (var j = 0; j < nexts.length; j++) {
+                if (nexts[j] === target) return res;
+                if (!visited[nexts[j]] && !deadendsMap[nexts[j]]) {
+                    newArr.push(nexts[j]);
+                    visited[nexts[j]] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        arr = newArr;
+    }
+    return -1;
+};
+
+var getNexts = function(str) {
+    var res = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+        var num = Number(str[i]);
+        res.push(str.slice(0, i) + (num === 9 ? 0 : num + 1) + str.slice(i + 1));
+        res.push(str.slice(0, i) + (num === 0 ? 9 : num - 1) + str.slice(i + 1));
+    }
+    return res;
+};
+```
+
+**Explain:**
+
+nope.
+
+**Complexity:**
+
+* Time complexity : O(n).
+* Space complexity : O(n).