Change mm to MM, interrupts to Interrupts

Author: mudongliang

Concepts/linux-cpu-1.md

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Where the `percpu_alloc_setup` function sets the `pcpu_chosen_fc` variable depen
 enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO;
 ```
 
-If the `percpu_alloc` parameter is not given to the kernel command line, the `embed` allocator will be used which embeds the first percpu chunk into bootmem with the [memblock](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/linux-mm-1.html). The last allocator is the first chunk `page` allocator which maps the first chunk with `PAGE_SIZE` pages.
+If the `percpu_alloc` parameter is not given to the kernel command line, the `embed` allocator will be used which embeds the first percpu chunk into bootmem with the [memblock](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/linux-mm-1.html). The last allocator is the first chunk `page` allocator which maps the first chunk with `PAGE_SIZE` pages.
 
 As I wrote above, first of all we make a check of the first chunk allocator type in the `setup_per_cpu_areas`. We check that first chunk allocator is not page:
 

Initialization/linux-initialization-4.md

@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ This function starts from the reserving memory block for the kernel `_text` and
 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text), (unsigned long)__bss_stop - (unsigned long)_text);
 ```
 
-You can read about `memblock` in the [Linux kernel memory management Part 1.](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/linux-mm-1.html). As you can remember `memblock_reserve` function takes two parameters:
+You can read about `memblock` in the [Linux kernel memory management Part 1.](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/linux-mm-1.html). As you can remember `memblock_reserve` function takes two parameters:
 
 * base physical address of a memory block;
 * size of a memory block.

Initialization/linux-initialization-6.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ After this we can see call of the:
 	memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
 ```
 
-function. This function is defined in the same [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c) source code file and remaps memory for the `setup_data` and reserved memory block for the `setup_data` (more about `setup_data` you can read in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html) and about `ioremap` and `memblock` you can read in the [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html)).
+function. This function is defined in the same [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c) source code file and remaps memory for the `setup_data` and reserved memory block for the `setup_data` (more about `setup_data` you can read in the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html) and about `ioremap` and `memblock` you can read in the [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html)).
 
 In the next step we can see following conditional statement:
 
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ for (; pmd < last_pmd; pmd++, vaddr += PMD_SIZE) {
 }
 ```
 
-After this we set the limit for the `memblock` allocation with the `memblock_set_current_limit` function (read more about `memblock` you can in the [Linux kernel memory management Part 2](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/mm/linux-mm-2.md)), it will be `ISA_END_ADDRESS` or `0x100000` and fill the `memblock` information according to `e820` with the call of the `memblock_x86_fill` function. You can see the result of this function in the kernel initialization time:
+After this we set the limit for the `memblock` allocation with the `memblock_set_current_limit` function (read more about `memblock` you can in the [Linux kernel memory management Part 2](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/MM/linux-mm-2.md)), it will be `ISA_END_ADDRESS` or `0x100000` and fill the `memblock` information according to `e820` with the call of the `memblock_x86_fill` function. You can see the result of this function in the kernel initialization time:
 
 ```
 MEMBLOCK configuration:
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ Links
 * [Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt)
 * [APIC](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller)
 * [CPU masks](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/cpumask.html)
-* [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html)
+* [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html)
 * [PCI](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_PCI)
 * [e820](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E820)
 * [System Management BIOS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_BIOS)

Initialization/linux-initialization-7.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Kernel initialization. Part 7.
 The End of the architecture-specific initialization, almost...
 ================================================================================
 
-This is the seventh part of the Linux Kernel initialization process which covers insides of the `setup_arch` function from the [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c#L861). As you can know from the previous [parts](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/index.html), the `setup_arch` function does some architecture-specific (in our case it is [x86_64](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64)) initialization stuff like reserving memory for kernel code/data/bss, early scanning of the [Desktop Management Interface](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Management_Interface), early dump of the [PCI](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI) device and many many more. If you have read the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/%20linux-initialization-6.html), you can remember that we've finished it at the `setup_real_mode` function. In the next step, as we set limit of the [memblock](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/linux-mm-1.html) to the all mapped pages, we can see the call of the `setup_log_buf` function from the [kernel/printk/printk.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/kernel/printk/printk.c).
+This is the seventh part of the Linux Kernel initialization process which covers insides of the `setup_arch` function from the [arch/x86/kernel/setup.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/arch/x86/kernel/setup.c#L861). As you can know from the previous [parts](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/index.html), the `setup_arch` function does some architecture-specific (in our case it is [x86_64](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64)) initialization stuff like reserving memory for kernel code/data/bss, early scanning of the [Desktop Management Interface](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Management_Interface), early dump of the [PCI](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI) device and many many more. If you have read the previous [part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/%20linux-initialization-6.html), you can remember that we've finished it at the `setup_real_mode` function. In the next step, as we set limit of the [memblock](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/linux-mm-1.html) to the all mapped pages, we can see the call of the `setup_log_buf` function from the [kernel/printk/printk.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/kernel/printk/printk.c).
 
 The `setup_log_buf` function setups kernel cyclic buffer and its length depends on the `CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT` configuration option. As we can read from the documentation of the `CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT` it can be between `12` and `21`. In the insides, buffer defined as array of chars:
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ BUILD_BUG_ON((unsigned long)__fix_to_virt(VSYSCALL_PAGE) !=
                      (unsigned long)VSYSCALL_ADDR);
 ```
 
-Now `vsyscall` area is in the `fix-mapped` area. That's all about `map_vsyscall`, if you do not know anything about fix-mapped addresses, you can read [Fix-Mapped Addresses and ioremap](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/linux-mm-2.html). We will see more about `vsyscalls` in the `vsyscalls and vdso` part.
+Now `vsyscall` area is in the `fix-mapped` area. That's all about `map_vsyscall`, if you do not know anything about fix-mapped addresses, you can read [Fix-Mapped Addresses and ioremap](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/linux-mm-2.html). We will see more about `vsyscalls` in the `vsyscalls and vdso` part.
 
 Getting the SMP configuration
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Initialization/linux-initialization-8.md

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ pgtable_init();
 vmalloc_init();
 ```
 
-The first is `page_ext_init_flatmem` which depends on the `CONFIG_SPARSEMEM` kernel configuration option and initializes extended data per page handling. The `mem_init` releases all `bootmem`, the `kmem_cache_init` initializes kernel cache, the `percpu_init_late` - replaces `percpu` chunks with those allocated by [slub](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLUB_%28software%29), the `pgtable_init` - initializes the `page->ptl` kernel cache, the `vmalloc_init` - initializes `vmalloc`. Please, **NOTE** that we will not dive into details about all of these functions and concepts, but we will see all of they it in the [Linux kernel memory manager](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html) chapter.
+The first is `page_ext_init_flatmem` which depends on the `CONFIG_SPARSEMEM` kernel configuration option and initializes extended data per page handling. The `mem_init` releases all `bootmem`, the `kmem_cache_init` initializes kernel cache, the `percpu_init_late` - replaces `percpu` chunks with those allocated by [slub](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLUB_%28software%29), the `pgtable_init` - initializes the `page->ptl` kernel cache, the `vmalloc_init` - initializes `vmalloc`. Please, **NOTE** that we will not dive into details about all of these functions and concepts, but we will see all of they it in the [Linux kernel memory manager](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html) chapter.
 
 That's all. Now we can look on the `scheduler`.
 
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ __init void init_sched_fair_class(void)
 }
 ```
 
-Here we register a [soft irq](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/interrupts/interrupts-9.html) that will call the `run_rebalance_domains` handler. After the `SCHED_SOFTIRQ` will be triggered, the `run_rebalance` will be called to rebalance a run queue on the current CPU.
+Here we register a [soft irq](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/interrupts-9.html) that will call the `run_rebalance_domains` handler. After the `SCHED_SOFTIRQ` will be triggered, the `run_rebalance` will be called to rebalance a run queue on the current CPU.
 
 The last two steps of the `sched_init` function is to initialization of scheduler statistics and setting `scheeduler_running` variable:
 
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ Links
 * [high-resolution kernel timer](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/timers/hrtimers.txt)
 * [spinlock](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinlock)
 * [Run queue](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_queue)
-* [Linux kernel memory manager](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html)
+* [Linux kernel memory manager](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html)
 * [slub](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLUB_%28software%29)
 * [virtual file system](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_file_system)
 * [Linux kernel hotplug documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-hotplug.txt)

Initialization/linux-initialization-9.md

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void __init idr_init_cache(void)
 }
 ```
 
-Here we can see the call of the `kmem_cache_create`. We already called the `kmem_cache_init` in the [init/main.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/init/main.c#L485). This function create generalized caches again using the `kmem_cache_alloc` (more about caches we will see in the [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html) chapter). In our case, as we are using `kmem_cache_t` which will be used by the [slab](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_allocation) allocator and `kmem_cache_create` creates it. As you can see we pass five parameters to the `kmem_cache_create`:
+Here we can see the call of the `kmem_cache_create`. We already called the `kmem_cache_init` in the [init/main.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/init/main.c#L485). This function create generalized caches again using the `kmem_cache_alloc` (more about caches we will see in the [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html) chapter). In our case, as we are using `kmem_cache_t` which will be used by the [slab](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_allocation) allocator and `kmem_cache_create` creates it. As you can see we pass five parameters to the `kmem_cache_create`:
 
 * name of the cache;
 * size of the object to store in cache;
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ The next couple of functions are related with the [perf](https://perf.wiki.kerne
 local_irq_enable();
 ```
 
-which expands to the `sti` instruction and making post initialization of the [SLAB](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_allocation) with the call of the `kmem_cache_init_late` function (As I wrote above we will know about the `SLAB` in the [Linux memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html) chapter).
+which expands to the `sti` instruction and making post initialization of the [SLAB](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_allocation) with the call of the `kmem_cache_init_late` function (As I wrote above we will know about the `SLAB` in the [Linux memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html) chapter).
 
 After the post initialization of the `SLAB`, next point is initialization of the console with the `console_init` function from the [drivers/tty/tty_io.c](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/16f73eb02d7e1765ccab3d2018e0bd98eb93d973/drivers/tty/tty_io.c).
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ Links
 * [Documentation/memory-barriers.txt](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt)
 * [Runtime locking correctness validator](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/locking/lockdep-design.txt)
 * [Per-CPU variables](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Concepts/per-cpu.html)
-* [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/mm/index.html)
+* [Linux kernel memory management](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/index.html)
 * [slab](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_allocation)
 * [i2c](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C)
 * [Previous part](http://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-8.html)